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Sigl, Michael; McConnell, Joseph R; Chellman, Nathan J; Gabriel, Imogen (2025): High time resolution records of sulfur and insoluble particle concentrations from five ice cores from Greenland and one from Antarctica between 1530 and 1710 CE and inferred volcanic contributions [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.974177 (DOI registration in progress)

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Published: 2025-03-21

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Abstract:
We report high time resolution (i.e. close to monthly) non-sea-salt sulfur concentrations from six ice cores including WDC (Antarctica) and Summit2015, Summit2023, NEEM-2011-S1, TUNU2013, and B19 (Greenland) analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) at the Desert Research Institute. For Summit 2015, Summit 2023, B19 and TUNU2013 we also provide mass concentration records of insoluble particles (5-10 μm) using an inline Abakus® laser particle counter. Additional details about the ice-core sites and analytical procedures are provided in the Supporting Data of Gabriel et al., (submitted) and in the references below citing the original publications. From three monthly resolved records (WDC, Summit15, NEEM-2011-S1) we infer a mean annual cycle of background sulfur concentrations using the median across the same months in a volcanically quiescent time (1530-1580 CE) while omitting months influenced by smaller volcanic eruptions. We then subtract this mean background cycle from the total sulfur concentrations to derive volcanic sulfur concentrations (ng/g) and volcanic sulfate depositions rates (kg km-2 month-1) at nominal monthly resolution. These records are used alongside ice-core crypto-tephra to characterize volcanic eruption sources and to disentangle individual volcanic sulfur depositions on the polar ice sheets arising from temporal clusters of volcanic eruptions such as in the 1590s, 1600s, 1640s, 1660s and 1690s CE.
Keyword(s):
Antarctica; Cryptotephra; Greenland; Ice core; Long Island; particle mass concentration; sulfate; sulfate aerosol; Sulfur; Tarumae; Tephra; volcanic forcing
Related to:
Abbott, Peter M; Plunkett, Gill; Corona, Christophe; Chellman, Nathan J; McConnell, Joseph R; Pilcher, John R; Stoffel, Markus; Sigl, Michael (2021): Cryptotephra from the Icelandic Veiðivötn 1477 CE eruption in a Greenland ice core: confirming the dating of volcanic events in the 1450s CE and assessing the eruption's climatic impact. Climate of the Past, 17(2), 565-585, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-565-2021
Faïn, Xavier; Rhodes, Rachael H; Place, Philip; Petrenko, Vasilii V; Fourteau, Kévin; Chellman, Nathan J; Crosier, Edward; McConnell, Joseph R; Brook, Edward J; Blunier, Thomas; Legrand, Michel; Chappellaz, Jérôme A (2022): Northern Hemisphere atmospheric history of carbon monoxide since preindustrial times reconstructed from multiple Greenland ice cores. Climate of the Past, 18(3), 631-647, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-631-2022
Gabriel, Imogen; et al. (submitted): Constraining the timing and climate forcing of the Long Island (Papua New Guinea) and Tarumae (Japan) eruptions and other 17th century volcanic eruptions.
Gabriel, Imogen; Plunkett, Gill; Abbott, Peter M; Behrens, Melanie; Burke, Andrea; Chellman, Nathan J; Cook, Eliza; Fleitmann, Dominik; Hörhold, Maria; Hutchison, William; McConnell, Joseph R; Óladóttir, Bergrún A; Preiser-Kapeller, Johannes; Sliwinski, Jakub T; Sugden, Patrick; Twarloh, Birthe; Sigl, Michael (2024): Decadal-to-centennial increases of volcanic aerosols from Iceland challenge the concept of a Medieval Quiet Period. Communications Earth & Environment, 5(1), 194, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01350-6
Sigl, Michael; McConnell, Joseph R; Chellman, Nathan J; Hörhold, Maria; Behrens, Melanie; Twarloh, Birthe; Gabriel, Imogen (2025): Annual mean concentrations of (non-sea-salt) sulfur, non-sea salt chlorine, fluoride, insoluble particle concentrations from an array of 19 ice cores from Antarctica and seven ice cores from Greenland [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.974172
Sigl, Michael; McConnell, Joseph R; Layman, Lawrence; Maselli, Olivia J; McGwire, Ken; Pasteris, Daniel R; Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe; Steffensen, Jørgen Peder; Vinther, Bo Møllesøe; Edwards, Ross; Mulvaney, Robert; Kipfstuhl, Sepp (2013): A new bipolar ice core record of volcanism from WAIS Divide and NEEM and implications for climate forcing of the last 2000 years. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118(3), 1151-1169, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012JD018603
Stoffel, Markus; Corona, Christophe; Ludlow, F; Sigl, Michael; Huhtamaa, Heli; Garnier, Emmanuel; Helama, Samuli; Guillet, Sébastien; Crampsie, Arlene; Kleemann, Katrin; Camenisch, Chantal; McConnell, Joseph R; Gao, Chaochao (2022): Climatic, weather, and socio-economic conditions corresponding to the mid-17th-century eruption cluster. Climate of the Past, 18(5), 1083-1108, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-18-1083-2022
Funding:
European Research Council (ERC), grant/award no. 820047: Timing of Holocene volcanic eruptions and their radiative aerosol forcing (THERA)
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 49.868767 * Median Longitude: -51.670633 * South-bound Latitude: -79.468000 * West-bound Longitude: -112.086000 * North-bound Latitude: 78.030000 * East-bound Longitude: -33.880000
Date/Time Start: 1993-01-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1993-01-01T00:00:00
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Size:
6 datasets

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Datasets listed in this publication series

  1. Sigl, M; McConnell, JR; Chellman, NJ et al. (2025): Monthly records of non-sea-salt sulfur from the WDC ice core in Antarctica between 1530 and 1710 CE and inferred background and volcanic contributions. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.974948
  2. Sigl, M; McConnell, JR; Chellman, NJ et al. (2025): Monthly records of non-sea-salt sulfur from the Summit2015 ice core in Greenland between 1530 and 1710 CE and inferred background and volcanic contributions. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.974949
  3. Sigl, M; McConnell, JR; Chellman, NJ et al. (2025): High-resolution records of sulfur and insoluble particle concentrations from the Summit2023 ice core in Greenland between 1666 and 1670 CE and inferred volcanic contributions. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.974950
  4. Sigl, M; McConnell, JR; Chellman, NJ et al. (2025): Monthly records of non-sea-salt sulfur from the NEEM-2011-S1 ice core in Greenland between 1530 and 1710 CE and inferred background and volcanic contributions. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.974951
  5. Sigl, M; McConnell, JR; Chellman, NJ et al. (2025): High-resolution records of sulfur and insoluble particle concentrations from the B19 ice core in Greenland between 1530 and 1710 CE. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.974970
  6. Sigl, M; McConnell, JR; Chellman, NJ et al. (2025): High-resolution records of sulfur and insoluble particle concentrations from the TUNU2013 ice core in Greenland between 1530 and 1710 CE. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.974952