Citation:

journal.pone.0029568

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry, growth rate and hatching processes of Symsagittifera roscoffensis during experiments, 2012
Published: 2012-01-20
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; North Atlantic; Reproduction; Single species; Symsagittifera roscoffensis; Temperate; Xenacoelomorpha

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Abstract:

As a consequence of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, oceans are becoming more acidic, a phenomenon known as ocean acidification. Many marine species predicted to be sensitive to this stressor are photosymbiotic, including corals and foraminifera. However, the direct impact of ocean acidification on the relationship between the photosynthetic and nonphotosynthetic organism remains unclear and is complicated by other physiological processes known to be sensitive to ocean acidification (e.g. calcification and feeding). We have studied the impact of extreme pH decrease/pCO2 increase on the complete life cycle of the photosymbiotic, non-calcifying and pure autotrophic acoel worm, Symsagittifera roscoffensis. Our results show that this species is resistant to high pCO2 with no negative or even positive effects on fitness (survival, growth, fertility) and/or photosymbiotic relationship till pCO2 up to 54 K µatm. Some sub-lethal bleaching is only observed at pCO2 up to 270 K µatm when seawater is saturated by CO2. This indicates that photosymbiosis can be resistant to high pCO2. If such a finding would be confirmed in other photosymbiotic species, we could then hypothesize that negative impact of high pCO2 observed on other photosymbiotic species such as corals and foraminifera could occur through indirect impacts at other levels (calcification, feeding).

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; North Atlantic; Reproduction; Single species; Symsagittifera roscoffensis; Temperate; Xenacoelomorpha

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Sub-seabed CO2 Storage: Impact on Marine Ecosystems (ECO2)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 265847 : Sub-seabed CO2 Storage: Impact on Marine Ecosystems

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Dupont, Sam
2	Salinity	Sal		Dupont, Sam
3	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Dupont, Sam
4	pH	pH		Dupont, Sam	pH meter (Metrohm, 826 pH mobile)	Total scale
5	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Dupont, Sam	Measured
6	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Dupont, Sam	Calculated using SWCO2 (Hunter, 2007)
7	Growth rate	µ	mm/day	Dupont, Sam	Calculated
8	Symsagittifera roscoffensis, hatching time	S. roscoffensis hatching time	day	Dupont, Sam
9	Symsagittifera roscoffensis, size at hatching	S. roscoffensis size	µm	Dupont, Sam
10	Symsagittifera roscoffensis, cocoon per female	S. roscoffensis cocoons	#	Dupont, Sam
11	Symsagittifera roscoffensis, cocoon per female per day	S. roscoffensis cocoons	#/day	Dupont, Sam
12	Symsagittifera roscoffensis, eggs per female	S. roscoffensis eggs/f	#/day	Dupont, Sam
13	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
14	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
15	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
16	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
17	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
18	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

252 data points

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