Citation:

bg-7-3879-2010

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and Mytilus edulis biological processes during experiments, 2010
Published: 2010
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Acid-base regulation; Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; Mytilus edulis; North Atlantic; Single species; Temperate

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Abstract:

CO2 emissions are leading to an acidification of the oceans. Predicting marine community vulnerability towards acidification is difficult, as adaptation processes cannot be accounted for in most experimental studies. Naturally CO2 enriched sites thus can serve as valuable proxies for future changes in community structure. Here we describe a natural analogue site in the Western Baltic Sea. Seawater pCO2 in Kiel Fjord is elevated for large parts of the year due to upwelling of CO2 rich waters. Peak pCO2 values of >230 Pa (>2300 µatm) and pHNBS values of <7.5 are encountered during summer and autumn, average pCO2 values are ~70 Pa (~700 µatm). In contrast to previously described naturally CO2 enriched sites that have suggested a progressive displacement of calcifying auto- and heterotrophic species, the macrobenthic community in Kiel Fjord is dominated by calcifying invertebrates. We show that blue mussels from Kiel Fjord can maintain control rates of somatic and shell growth at a pCO2 of 142 Pa (1400 µatm, pHNBS = 7.7). Juvenile mussel recruitment peaks during the summer months, when high water pCO2 values of ~100 Pa (~1000 µatm) prevail. Our findings indicate that calcifying keystone species may be able to cope with surface ocean pHNBS values projected for the end of this century when food supply is sufficient. However, owing to non-linear synergistic effects of future acidification and upwelling of corrosive water, peak seawater pCO2 in Kiel Fjord and many other productive estuarine habitats could increase to values >400 Pa (>4000 µatm). These changes will most likely affect calcification and recruitment, and increase external shell dissolution.

Keyword(s):

Acid-base regulation; Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; Mytilus edulis; North Atlantic; Single species; Temperate

Project(s):

Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification (BIOACID)

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Identification	ID		Thomsen, Jörn
2	Experimental treatment	Exp treat		Thomsen, Jörn
3	Salinity	Sal		Thomsen, Jörn
4	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Thomsen, Jörn
5	pH	pH		Thomsen, Jörn	WTW 340i pH-analyzer and WTW SenTix 81-electrode	NBS scale
6	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Thomsen, Jörn
7	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Thomsen, Jörn	Potentiometric titration, VINDTA (marianda)
8	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Thomsen, Jörn
9	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Thomsen, Jörn	SOMMA autoanalyzer
10	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Thomsen, Jörn
11	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure	pCO2	Pa	Thomsen, Jörn	Calculated using CO2SYS
12	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Thomsen, Jörn
13	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Thomsen, Jörn	Calculated using CO2SYS
14	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Thomsen, Jörn
15	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Thomsen, Jörn	Calculated using CO2SYS
16	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Thomsen, Jörn
17	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Thomsen, Jörn	Calculated using CO2SYS
18	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Thomsen, Jörn
19	Identification	ID		Thomsen, Jörn
20	Mytilus edulis, weight, shell	M. edulis W shell	mg	Thomsen, Jörn
21	Mytilus edulis, shell length	M. edulis shell L	mm	Thomsen, Jörn
22	Mytilus edulis, weight, dry	M. edulis DW	mg	Thomsen, Jörn
23	Mytilus edulis, shell length	M. edulis shell L	mm	Thomsen, Jörn	Scanning electron microscope (SEM)	Initial
24	Mytilus edulis, shell length	M. edulis shell L	mm	Thomsen, Jörn	Scanning electron microscope (SEM)	Final
25	Mytilus edulis, shell length	M. edulis shell L	mm	Thomsen, Jörn	Scanning electron microscope (SEM)	95% shell length calcite thickness
26	Mytilus edulis, shell length	M. edulis shell L	mm	Thomsen, Jörn	Scanning electron microscope (SEM)	75% shell length calcite thickness
27	Mytilus edulis, shell length	M. edulis shell L	mm	Thomsen, Jörn	Scanning electron microscope (SEM)	75% shell length aragonite thickness
28	Replicates	Repl	#	Thomsen, Jörn		75% shell length aragonite layers
29	Mytilus edulis, shell length	M. edulis shell L	mm	Thomsen, Jörn	Scanning electron microscope (SEM)	75% shell length aragonite layer thickness
30	Mytilus edulis, area, dissolved	M. edulis area diss	mm²	Thomsen, Jörn
31	Mytilus edulis, dissolution severity	M. edulis diss severity		Thomsen, Jörn
32	Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, pH	M. edulis pH (ha)		Thomsen, Jörn	WTW 340i pH-analyzer and WTW SenTix 81-electrode
33	Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, total dissolved inorganic carbon	M. edulis DIC (ha)	mmol/l	Thomsen, Jörn	Automated CO2 analyzer (CIBA-Corning 965, UK)
34	Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, apparent dissociation constant of carbon acid	M. edulis pK (ha)		Thomsen, Jörn
35	Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, partial pressure of carbon dioxide	M. edulis pCO2 (ha)	Pa	Thomsen, Jörn
36	Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, partial pressure of carbon dioxide	M. edulis pCO2 (ha)	µatm	Thomsen, Jörn
37	Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, bicarbonate ion	M. edulis [HCO3]- (ha)	mmol/l	Thomsen, Jörn
38	Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, carbonate ion	M. edulis [CO3]2- (ha)	µmol/l	Thomsen, Jörn
39	Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, sodium ion	M. edulis Na+ (ha)	%	Thomsen, Jörn		of seawater
40	Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, potassium ion	M. edulis K+ (ha)	%	Thomsen, Jörn		of seawater
41	Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, magnesium ion	M. edulis Mg2+ (ha)	%	Thomsen, Jörn		of seawater
42	Mytilus edulis, haemolymph, calcium ion	M. edulis Ca2+ (ha)	%	Thomsen, Jörn		of seawater
43	Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid pH	M. edulis pH (epf)		Thomsen, Jörn	WTW 340i pH-analyzer and WTW SenTix 81-electrode
44	Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid total carbon	M. edulis DIC (epf)	mmol/l	Thomsen, Jörn	Automated CO2 analyzer (CIBA-Corning 965, UK)
45	Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid pK	M. edulis pK (epf)		Thomsen, Jörn
46	Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid partial pressure of carbon dioxide	M. edulis pCO2 (epf)	Pa	Thomsen, Jörn
47	Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid partial pressure of carbon dioxide	M. edulis pCO2 (epf)	µatm	Thomsen, Jörn
48	Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid bicarbonate	M. edulis HCO3 (epf)	mmol/l	Thomsen, Jörn
49	Mytilus edulis, extrapallial fluid carbonate ion	M. edulis CO3 (epf)	µmol/l	Thomsen, Jörn
50	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
51	pH	pH		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Total scale
52	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
53	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
54	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
55	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
56	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
57	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
58	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

4825 data points

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