Citation:

nature10295

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and Emiliania huxleyi mass and size, 2011
Published: 2011-08-31
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Antarctic; Emiliania huxleyi; Indian Ocean; North Atlantic; North Pacific; Phytoplankton; South Atlantic; South Pacific

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Abstract:

About one-third of the carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere as a result of human activity has been absorbed by the oceans, where it partitions into the constituent ions of carbonic acid. This leads to ocean acidification, one of the major threats to marine ecosystems and particularly to calcifying organisms such as corals, foraminifera and coccolithophores. Coccolithophores are abundant phytoplankton that are responsible for a large part of modern oceanic carbonate production. Culture experiments investigating the physiological response of coccolithophore calcification to increased CO2 have yielded contradictory results between and even within species. Here we quantified the calcite mass of dominant coccolithophores in the present ocean and over the past forty thousand years, and found a marked pattern of decreasing calcification with increasing partial pressure of CO2 and concomitant decreasing concentrations of CO3. Our analyses revealed that differentially calcified species and morphotypes are distributed in the ocean according to carbonate chemistry. A substantial impact on the marine carbon cycle might be expected upon extrapolation of this correlation to predicted ocean acidification in the future. However, our discovery of a heavily calcified Emiliania huxleyi morphotype in modern waters with low pH highlights the complexity of assemblage-level responses to environmental forcing factors.

Keyword(s):

Antarctic; Emiliania huxleyi; Indian Ocean; North Atlantic; North Pacific; Phytoplankton; South Atlantic; South Pacific

Project(s):

European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis (EUR-OCEANS)

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Sixth Framework Programme (FP6), grant/award no. 511106 : European network of excellence for Ocean Ecosystems Analysis

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -3.036408 * Median Longitude: 50.459066 * South-bound Latitude: -71.833000 * West-bound Longitude: -142.250000 * North-bound Latitude: 43.683000 * East-bound Longitude: 146.400000

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI).

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Sample ID	Sample ID		Beaufort, Luc
2	LATITUDE	Latitude				Geocode
3	LONGITUDE	Longitude				Geocode
4	Age, dated	Age dated	ka	Beaufort, Luc
5	Emiliania huxleyi, weight	E. huxleyi W	pg	Beaufort, Luc	Estimated by measuring brightness in cross-polarized light (birefringence)
6	Emiliania huxleyi, weight, standard error	E. huxleyi W std e	±	Beaufort, Luc
7	Emiliania huxleyi, diameter	E. huxleyi diam	µm	Beaufort, Luc	Measured and/or detected by SYRACO software
8	Replicates	Repl	#	Beaufort, Luc
9	Salinity	Sal		Beaufort, Luc	CTD, Sea-Bird SBE 911plus
10	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Beaufort, Luc	CTD, Sea-Bird SBE 911plus
11	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Beaufort, Luc	Titration potentiometric
12	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Beaufort, Luc	Titration potentiometric
13	pH	pH		Beaufort, Luc	Calculated using CO2SYS	Sea water scale
14	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Beaufort, Luc	Calculated using CO2SYS
15	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Beaufort, Luc	Calculated using CO2SYS
16	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
17	pH	pH		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	Total scale
18	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
19	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
20	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
21	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
22	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
23	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
24	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
25	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Nisumaa, Anne-Marin	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

16400 data points

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