Citation:

PANGAEA.973047 (DOI registration in progress)

Name: Spatiotemporal Distribution of Archaeological Sites in Borneo Over the Last 45,000 Years, with Emphasis on the Mid-Late Holocene (Last 6,000 Years) [environment]
Published: 2024
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Archaeology; Excavations; Holocene; land use; Rainforest; tropical forest

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Abstract:

The dataset comprises 73 archaeological and historical sites across Borneo, a valuable resource for researchers interested in regional Bornean human occupation and settlement. It covers a period of 45 ka before the present (BP) to 0 BP (1950 CE), with a specific focus on the last 6 ka BP. The dataset provides detailed information on the location, timing, and duration of human occupation at each site, based on archaeological surveys. This compilation enables the study of resource use and their landscape legacies, making it an indispensable tool for understanding the regional Bornean human occupation and settlement. The archaeological site database was constructed based on a review of published reports and articles (see Perez-Cardenas et al., 2024).

We reviewed and categorized each record between i) no radiocarbon data, such as U-series and U-Th dating, ii) calibrated radiocarbon, and iii) uncalibrated radiocarbon. Then, calibrated and uncalibrated radiocarbon were recalibrated to 95.4% confidence using the atmospheric curve IntCal20, OxCal 4.4 (Reimer et al., 2020). The dates obtained using Uranium were not calibrated. The lab code used in the original reference is provided for each record. We subset the dataset, obtaining 47 archaeological sites, by selecting sites with records over the last 6 ka BP to extract environmental characteristics. We created a matrix with the time and duration of occupation of archaeological evidence in 100-year intervals from 6 ka BP to 0 BP (1950 CE) for each site.

Keyword(s):

Archaeology; Excavations; Holocene; land use; Rainforest; tropical forest

Related to:

Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia; Eppinga, Maarten B.; Rabett, Ryan; Schuman, Meredith C.; Santos, Maria J. (2024): Spatiotemporal Distribution of Archaeological Sites in Borneo Over the Last 45,000 Years, with Emphasis on the Mid-Late Holocene (Last 6,000 Years) [archaeology] [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.973046

Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia; Eppinga, Maarten B.; Rabett, Ryan; Schuman, Meredith C.; Santos, Maria J. (2024): Spatiotemporal Distribution of Archaeological Sites in Borneo Over the Last 45,000 Years, with Emphasis on the Mid-Late Holocene (Last 6,000 Years) [chronology] [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.973041

Source:

Fick, Stephen E; Hijmans, Robert J (2017): WorldClim 2: new 1‐km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology, 37(12), 4302-4315, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5086

Hengl, Tomislav; Mendes de Jesus, Jorge; Heuvelink, Gerard B M; Gonzalez, Maria Ruiperez; Kilibarda, Milan; Blagotić, Aleksandar; Shangguan, Wei; Wright, Marvin N; Geng, Xiaoyuan; Bauer-Marschallinger, Bernhard; Guevara, Mario Antonio; Vargas, Rodrigo; MacMillan, Robert A; Batjes, Niels H; Leenaars, Johan G B; Ribeiro, Eloi; Wheeler, Ichsani; Mantel, Stephan; Kempen, Bas; Bond-Lamberty, Ben (2017): SoilGrids250m: Global gridded soil information based on machine learning. PLoS ONE, 12(2), e0169748, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169748

Funding:

Horizon 2020 (H2020), grant/award no. 438 847585: RESPONSE - to society and policy needs through plant, food and energy sciences

University of Zurich, grant/award no. University Research Priority Program (URPP): To infer the legacy of human activities on tropical forest diversity with spatial genetics and remote sensing

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Site	Site		Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia
2	ALTITUDE	Altitude	m	Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia	based on the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission	Geocode – resolution of 2.5 arc-minutes
3	Sand	Sand	%	Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia	based on SoilGRIDS (Hengl et al., 2017)	30-second spatial resolution for the 5-15 cm depth interval
4	Silt	Silt	%	Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia	based on SoilGRIDS (Hengl et al., 2017)	30-second spatial resolution for the 5-15 cm depth interval
5	Clay	Clay	%	Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia	based on SoilGRIDS (Hengl et al., 2017)	30-second spatial resolution for the 5-15 cm depth interval
6	Temperature, annual mean	MAT	°C	Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia	based on WorldClim 2.1	spatial resolution of 2.5 arc-minutes
7	Precipitation	Precip	mm	Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia	based on WorldClim 2.1	spatial resolution of 2.5 arc-minutes
8	Precipitation, coefficient of variation	Precip CV		Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia	based on WorldClim 2.1	spatial resolution of 2.5 arc-minutes
9	Distance to river, minimum	Dist river min	km	Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia	based on global river network (Lin et al. 2021)
10	Distance to coast, minimum	Dist coast min	km	Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia	based on island boundaries (Runfola et al. 2020)
11	Cation exchange capacity	CEC	cmol/kg	Pérez-Cárdenas, Nathalia	based on SoilGRIDS (Hengl et al., 2017)	30-second spatial resolution

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC) * Processing Level: PANGAEA data processing level 4 (ProcLevel4)

Size:

470 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Site	2 Altitude [m]	3 Sand [%]	4 Silt [%]	5 Clay [%]	6 MAT [°C]	7 Precip [mm]	8 Precip CV	9 Dist river min [km]	10 Dist coast min [km]	11 CEC [cmol/kg]
Agop Bugdado	34	26	31	43	26.85933304	2522	25.23986816	0.694702080	19.305001370	0.165
Agop Sarupi	56	29	30	41	26.60449982	2537	17.30365562	0.825578848	67.867484650	0.180
Agop Suluk	23	27	33	40	26.91983223	2469	23.73117065	0.966758775	26.320664690	0.194
AgopMiasias	17	26	31	42	26.96283340	2607	25.45487022	1.099191524	23.635242830	0.228
Bario	1083	34	29	37	21.51749992	3034	14.62513351	0.848533402	126.024965400	0.231
Batu Keruak III	21	28	30	42	26.89883423	2213	26.12299347	0.949612701	19.183857670	0.161
Batu Puteh Kinabatangan	24	24	32	43	26.90716743	2488	24.83661842	0.370379865	25.626680370	0.243
Batu Supu	34	26	30	44	26.85933304	2522	25.23986816	0.330052348	19.913180300	0.165
Batu Tulug	23	26	31	42	26.91983223	2469	23.73117065	0.460207668	26.176621350	0.195
Bukit Kamiri	31	32	30	37	27.00781250	2039	15.90506935	5.196985251	3.470133363	0.149
Bukit Sarang	32	26	35	39	26.76600075	3534	19.61581230	0.004123498	52.811667910	0.151
Bukit Tengkorak	13	33	30	38	27.11458397	2010	15.85701942	12.339974720	1.255554475	0.185
Cave Gomantong	61	30	29	40	26.68716621	2425	26.00031471	4.912343703	14.739161720	0.203
Gua Baturong	126	30	32	38	26.21649933	1985	11.18169308	1.975293408	21.097618950	0.160
Gua Ham	206	33	35	32	26.74166679	2134	16.25531769	1.183871552	58.681160180	0.122
Gua Keboboh	167	35	33	32	27.00816727	2193	16.29537392	0.241164712	62.869244390	0.119
Gua Madai	99	32	34	35	26.41316605	1991	12.96169758	3.018049047	6.082338291	0.171
Gua Niah	85	28	30	42	26.81083298	3208	22.75281143	1.011603424	17.396917930	0.170
Gua Sireh	236	23	33	44	25.59516716	3533	28.52456093	4.872270799	23.663015810	0.173
Gua Tapadong	71	29	32	39	26.58133316	2137	22.13257217	0.140743179	19.957465350	0.152
Gua Tengkorak	161	34	34	32	27.01583290	2175	15.80109215	0.385511573	62.605170220	0.143
Gua Tengkorak south	68	28	34	37	27.18866730	2611	33.36892319	0.291180455	33.462972700	0.203
Gua Tupak	72	27	32	41	26.46266747	3896	40.69650650	2.297388134	15.889566850	0.148
Jambu Hilir	23	24	37	40	27.62666702	2570	27.86199570	0.777650690	86.426916960	0.289
Kampong Buau	32	30	34	35	27.02316666	3387	19.79006958	0.593198956	38.883296930	0.197
Kimanis	108	31	30	38	27.12566566	2381	13.71889305	2.316718094	35.091931700	0.138
Liang Abu	115	32	33	35	27.10033417	2330	13.84697533	0.108713981	77.507915990	0.136
Liang Jon	167	34	33	33	27.00816727	2193	16.29537392	0.444822486	63.098068790	0.123
Liang Liang Pemalawan	307	34	31	34	26.17200089	2293	13.73000526	0.484189322	70.589390540	0.141
Long Belaka	507	33	27	40	24.78766632	3622	12.19628716	0.276400846	115.853285700	0.154
Long Bena	511	33	29	39	24.76149940	3647	12.17143917	0.202006385	132.218488900	0.167
Long Lame Baru	451	32	28	40	25.18083382	3620	12.33444405	0.157299786	104.148520500	0.138
Long Uli	431	34	28	38	25.13999939	3614	11.98962498	0.198252098	106.536857800	0.153
Lubang Angin	69	34	34	32	26.82600021	3543	15.97988224	0.506923694	79.693890870	0.149
Lubang Payau	108	31	30	38	27.12566566	2381	13.71889305	2.355836585	35.054734240	0.140
Melanta Tutup	51	32	31	38	26.73868942	2022	15.00660419	5.019233352	1.106058606	0.149
Nanga Balang	124	29	31	40	26.60216713	4207	19.56769371	2.128285479	220.116129700	0.142
Pa'Buda	1132	33	29	39	21.29000092	3130	13.98239231	0.037990831	134.195523800	0.206
Pa'Dalih	1046	32	29	39	21.77633286	3132	13.87282944	0.269658926	134.188638100	0.188
Pa'Lungan	1197	34	29	37	20.98166656	2919	15.68379402	2.424771579	121.107556200	0.239
Penampang	511	29	28	43	24.42849922	2089	23.47302437	3.051964161	17.787859730	0.197
PPT	1046	32	29	39	21.77633286	3132	13.87282944	0.793770486	135.315909500	0.233
Punan Benalui	431	35	28	37	25.13999939	3614	11.98962498	0.749199149	105.943539500	0.157
Respen Sembuak	60	33	34	33	26.91449928	3248	12.53140259	0.190884400	20.399275800	0.193
Santubang	153	43	24	33	25.80640984	3976	48.54595566	12.540250210	1.615082743	0.155
Sukang Penan	32	30	36	34	27.01166725	3395	19.08563995	0.806233256	42.717670840	0.191
Upper Punan Tubu	430	33	29	38	25.12416649	3397	11.93765163	0.049596051	78.277858580	0.155