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PANGAEA.
Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science
Abstract:
First-year sea-ice thickness, draft, salinity, temperature, nutrient concentrations ([NO3]- [NO2]; [NH4]; [PO4]-; [Si(OH)4]), stable water isotope composition and ice density were measured during near-weekly surveys at the main first-year ice coring site (MCS-FYI) during the MOSAiC expedition (legs 1 to 4). The ice cores were extracted either with a 9-cm (Mark II) or 7.25-cm (Mark III) internal diameter ice corers (Kovacs Enterprise, US). This data set includes data from 23 coring site visits that were performed from 28 October 2019 to 29 July 2020 at coring locations within 130 m of each other in the MOSAiC Central Observatory. During each coring event, ice temperature was measured in situ from a separate temperature core, using Testo 720 thermometers in drill holes with a length of half-core-diameter at 5-cm vertical resolution. Ice bulk practical salinity, isotope, and nutrient samples were subsampled from the same melted core segment (5-cm resolution). Ice bulk practical salinity was measured using a YSI 30 conductivity meter. Nutrient analyses were conducted shipboard or samples were frozen and analyzed at a shore-based lab. In either case, analyses were conducted colorimetrically using a Seal Analytical AA3 continuous flow auto analyzer (AACE Software, Version 7.09). Measurement of nutrients followed best practices adopted from GO-SHIP recommendations (Hydes et al., 2010; Becker et al., 2020). Ice density was measured using the hydrostatic weighing method in air and kerosene (Pustogvar and Kulyakhtin, 2016) from a density core in the freezer laboratory onboard Polarstern at the temperature of –15°C. Relative volumes of brine and gas were estimated from ice salinity, temperature, and density using Cox and Weeks (1983) for cold ice and Leppäranta and Manninen (1988) for ice warmer than –2°C.
The data contains the event label (1), date/time (2), and global coordinates (3,4) of each coring activity. Each salinity/isotope/nutrient core has its manually measured ice thickness (5), ice draft (6), core length (7), and mean snow height (19). Each core section has the total length of its top (8) and bottom (9) measured in situ, as well as the estimated depth of section top (10), bottom (11), and middle (12). The depth estimates assume that the total length of all core sections is equal to the measured ice thickness. Each core section has the value of its practical salinity (13), in situ temperature (14), ice density at the laboratory (15) and in situ (16) temperatures, brine volume fraction (17), gas volume fraction (18), nitrate + nitrite (plus error and quality flag; 20, 21, 22), nitrite (23, 24, 25), ammonium (26, 27, 28), phosphate (29, 30, 31), silicate (32, 33, 34), stable water isotopic sample ID and values (35, 36, 37, 38) (Meyer et al., 2000). Temperature, density, and gas volume fraction values were interpolated to the depth of salinity/isotope/nutrient measurements. The global coordinates of coring sites were measured directly. When it was not possible, coordinates of the nearby temperature buoy 2019T66 were used. Ice mass balance buoy 2019T66 installation is described in doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.938134. Sea-ice density at in situ temperatures (16) and brine volume (17) fraction estimates are presented only for brine volume fraction values from 0 to 30%. Ice temperatures were assumed to be not higher than -0.1°C. Estimates of sea-ice density at in situ temperatures and gas volume fraction are made using measurements of density and salinity of a separate density core and are not shown if any of these measurements were not performed. Measurements of snow height include the thickness of the surface scattering layer. Each core section also has comments (39) describing if the sample is from a false bottom, from rafted ice, or has any other special characteristics.
Keyword(s):
Arctic; Arctic Ocean Nutrient Data; cores; density; Ecological monitoring; MOSAiC20192020; MOSAiC_ECO; MOSAiC_ICE; MOSAiC Nutrient Data; Physical properties; Salinity; Temperature; Sea ice; Sea ice nutrients; time-series
Related to:
Granskog, Mats A (2021): Overview sea ice cores collected by the snow and sea ice physics (ICE) team on the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4719904
Source:
Lei, Ruibo; Cheng, Bin; Hoppmann, Mario; Zuo, Guangyu (2021): Temperature and heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T66, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20 [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.938134
References:
Becker, Susan; Aoyama, Michio; Woodward, E Malcolm S; Bakker, Karel; Coverly, Stephen; Mahaffey, Claire; Tanhua, Toste (2020): GO-SHIP Repeat Hydrography Nutrient Manual: The Precise and Accurate Determination of Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients in Seawater, Using Continuous Flow Analysis Methods. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 581790, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.581790
Cox, G F N; Weeks, W F (1983): Equations for Determining the Gas and Brine Volumes in Sea-Ice Samples. Journal of Glaciology, 29(102), 306-316, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000008364
Leppäranta, M; Manninen, T (1988): The brine and gas content of sea ice with attention to low salinities and high temperatures. Finnish Institute of Marine Research Internal Report (Vol. 2). Helsinki
Meyer, Hanno; Schönicke, Lutz; Wand, Ulrich; Hubberten, Hans-Wolfgang; Friedrichsen, Hans (2000): Isotope Studies of Hydrogen and Oxygen in Ground Ice - Experiences with the Equilibration Technique. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 36(2), 133-149, https://doi.org/10.1080/10256010008032939
Pustogvar, A; Kulyakhtin, A (2016): Sea ice density measurements. Methods and uncertainties. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 131, 46-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2016.09.001
Funding:
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven (AWI), grant/award no. AFMOSAiC-1_00: Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven (AWI), grant/award no. AWI_PS122_00: Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate / MOSAiC
Dutch Research Council (NWO), grant/award no. 866.18.002: Artic Sea Ice-Pelagic coupling of the Carbon and Sulfur cycles
Horizon 2020 (H2020), grant/award no. 730965: Arctic Research Icebreaker Consortium: A strategy for meeting the needs for marine-based research in the Arctic (ARICE)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), grant/award no. 41976219
National Science Foundation (NSF), grant/award no. 1735862: Chemical, Physical and Biological processes linking snow and sea ice to the Arctic Ocean mixed layer: Improving models through the MOSAiC platform
National Science Foundation (NSF), grant/award no. 1753418: Collaborative Research: Defining the Atmospheric Deposition of Trace eEements into the Arctic Ocean-Ice Ecosystem During the Year-Long MOSAIC Ice Drift
National Science Foundation (NSF), grant/award no. 1821911: Collaborative Research: Quantifying microbial controls on the annual cycle of methane and oxygen within the ultraoligotrophic Central Arctic during MOSAiC
Swedish Research Council (VR), grant/award no. 2018-00509_Formas: How warming of the Central Arctic Ocean changes the metabolic functions of sympagic and pelagic microbiomes, with emphasis on carbon and nitrogen cycling
Swedish Research Council (VR), grant/award no. 2018-01398_Formas: Drivers of anthropogenic changes in carbon storage and ocean acidification in the new Arctic Ocean (DRACO2)
Swedish Research Council (VR), grant/award no. 2018-04685_VR: Uncovering the seasonality of sympagic and pelagic microbiomes and their metabolic functions in the Central Arctic Ocean with emphasis on carbon and nitrogen cycling
The Research Council of Norway (RCN), grant/award no. 280292: Ridges - Safe HAVens for ice-associated Flora and Fauna in a Seasonally ice-covered Arctic OCean
United States Department of Energy, Atmospheric Systems Research Program, grant/award no. DE-SC0019745: Evaluation of ice nucleating particles and their sources in the central Arctic during MOSAiC
United States Department of Energy, Atmospheric Systems Research Program, grant/award no. DE-SC0022046: Closing the gap on understudied aerosol-climate processes in the rapidly changing central Arctic
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 84.452845 * Median Longitude: 44.201346 * South-bound Latitude: 79.248900 * West-bound Longitude: -2.658100 * North-bound Latitude: 87.788200 * East-bound Longitude: 126.393600
Date/Time Start: 2019-10-27T23:46:00 * Date/Time End: 2020-07-29T10:00:00
Minimum Elevation: -4420.2 m * Maximum Elevation: -754.2 m
Event(s):
PS122/1_5-3 * Latitude: 85.553402 * Longitude: 126.362183 * Date/Time: 2019-10-28T02:29:00 * Elevation: -4379.5 m * O2A Registry URI: registry.o2a-data.de * Campaign: PS122/1 (MOSAiC20192020) * Basis: Polarstern * Method/Device: Ice corer (IC) * Comment: temp: be1; salo18: s18; CH4: CH4; HAlO: halo; iso: iso; bromo: bromo; CHLA: eco1a; Prod: eco1b; pigs: eco1c; algae: eco1d; Be2: Be2; DIC/TA: DIC; Be3: be3; Tex: tex; DNA1: eco2a; DNA2: eco2b; RNA: eco2c; PLASTic: PLT; REPository: REP; backup: bac; meio1: meio1
PS122/1_6-34 * Latitude: 85.943718 * Longitude: 120.247440 * Date/Time: 2019-11-04T01:48:00 * Elevation: -4407.3 m * O2A Registry URI: registry.o2a-data.de * Campaign: PS122/1 (MOSAiC20192020) * Basis: Polarstern * Method/Device: Ice corer (IC) * Comment: FYI, TEMP: temperature, then Be1, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-T; FYI, CH4; FYI, SALO18, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-SALO18, original FloeNavi record: LAT 85.934141 LONG 120.357904; FYI: HALO; FYI, ECO1B: PROD, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-PROD; FYI, ECO1A: CHLA, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-CHLA; FYI, ECO1D: ALGAE, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-ALGAE; FYI, ECO1C: PIGS, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-PIGS; FYI, ISO; FYI, BROMO; FYI, Texture, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-TEX; FYI: ECO2A: DNA1, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-DNA1; FYI, ECO2B: DNA2, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-DNA2; FYI, ECO2C: RNA, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-RNA; MEIO1, bottom 10 cm only, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-MEIOI; FYI, REPository, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-REP; FYI, backup, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-BAC; FYI, DIC, 20191104-PS122-1_6-DIC; MEIO2, bottom 10 cm only, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-MEIO2, original FloeNavi record: LAT 85.937749 LONG 120.264249; FYI, BE2; FYI, BE3, original FloeNavi record: LAT 85.938242 LONG 120.249547; FYI, MethanOX, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-MethOX, original FloeNavi record: LAT 85.938386 LONG 120.245194; FYI, Gypsum, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-GYP, original FloeNavi record: LAT 85.938405 LONG 120.244597
PS122/1_7-6 * Latitude: 85.871057 * Longitude: 116.273187 * Date/Time: 2019-11-11T02:52:00 * Elevation: -4413.1 m * O2A Registry URI: registry.o2a-data.de * Campaign: PS122/1 (MOSAiC20192020) * Basis: Polarstern * Method/Device: Ice corer (IC) * Comment: T: temperature FYI; ECO1A: CHLA; ECO1B: PROD; FYI; S18: FYI; ECO1D: ALGAE, FYI; ECO1C: PIGS; BY2: FYI; BAC: Backup FYI; ECO2A: DNA1; ECO2B: DNA2, FYI; TEX: FYI; ECO2C: RNA, FYI; DIC: FYI; REP: FYI; MEI01: FYI; MEO2: FYI; MEI03: FYI; METHOX: FYI
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1Event labelEventGranskog, Mats A
2DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGranskog, Mats AGeocode
3LATITUDELatitudeGranskog, Mats AGeocode – coordinates of the ice coring site at the time of sampling
4LONGITUDELongitudeGranskog, Mats AGeocode – coordinates of the ice coring site at the time of sampling
5Sea ice thicknessEsEsmGranskog, Mats AIce thickness gauge (ICEGAUGE)Distance from the top of ice to the bottom of the ice
6Sea ice draftSea ice draftmGranskog, Mats AIce thickness gauge (ICEGAUGE)Distance from water level to bottom of the ice
7Core lengthCore lengthmGranskog, Mats ATape measureTotal length of the extracted ice core
8Depth, ice/snow, top/minimumDepth ice/snow topmGranskog, Mats ATape measuretop of ice layer sampled, measured from the ice surface
9Depth, ice/snow, bottom/maximumDepth ice/snow botmGranskog, Mats ATape measurebottom of ice layer sampled, measured from the ice surface
10Depth, adjusted topDepth adj topambsfGranskog, Mats ACalculatedtop of ice layer sampled, relative to the water level
11Depth, adjusted bottomDepth adj botambsfGranskog, Mats ACalculatedbottom of ice layer sampled, relative to the water level
12Depth, adjustedDepth adjambsfGranskog, Mats ACalculatedmiddle of ice layer sampled, relative to the water level
13Sea ice salinitySea ice salGranskog, Mats ASalinometer, inductivePractical salinity measured after melting
14Temperature, ice/snowt°CGranskog, Mats AThermometer
15Density, iceDensity icekg/m3Høyland, Knut VilhelmHydrostatic weighingprime; Sea ice density measured at laboratory temperature of -15C
16Density, iceDensity icekg/m3Høyland, Knut VilhelmCalculatedSea ice density calculated from the measured salinity, density and temperature
17Volume, brineVol brine%Granskog, Mats ACalculatedLiquid brine volume fraction calculated from the measured sea ice salinity and temperature
18Volume, gasVol gas%Granskog, Mats ACalculatedGas volume fraction calculated from the measured sea ice salinity, density, and temperature
19Snow heightSnow hmGranskog, Mats ATape measureAverage snow depth at coring site
20Nitrate and Nitrite[NO3]- + [NO2]-µmol/lWhitmore, Laura MContinuous flow analyser, Seal, AA3
21Nitrate and Nitrite, standard deviation[NO3]- + [NO2]- std dev±Whitmore, Laura MContinuous flow analyser, Seal, AA3
22Quality flag, nitrate and nitriteQF [NO3]- + [NO2]-Whitmore, Laura M
23Nitrite[NO2]-µmol/lWhitmore, Laura MContinuous flow analyser, Seal, AA3
24Nitrite, standard deviation[NO2]- std dev±Whitmore, Laura MContinuous flow analyser, Seal, AA3
25Quality flag, nitriteQF [NO2]-Whitmore, Laura M
26Ammonium[NH4]+µmol/lWhitmore, Laura MContinuous flow analyser, Seal, AA3
27Ammonium, standard deviation[NH4]+ std dev±Whitmore, Laura MContinuous flow analyser, Seal, AA3
28Quality flag, ammoniumQF [NH4]+Whitmore, Laura M
29Phosphate[PO4]3-µmol/lWhitmore, Laura MContinuous flow analyser, Seal, AA3
30Phosphate, standard deviation[PO4]3- std dev±Whitmore, Laura MContinuous flow analyser, Seal, AA3
31Quality flag, phosphateQF [PO4]3-Whitmore, Laura M
32SilicateSi(OH)4µmol/lWhitmore, Laura MContinuous flow analyser, Seal, AA3
33Silicate, standard deviationSi(OH)4 std dev±Whitmore, Laura M
34Quality flag, silicateQF Si(OH)4Whitmore, Laura M
35Sample IDSample IDGranskog, Mats Aunique identifier for each isotope sample
36δ18O, waterδ18O H2O‰ SMOWMeyer, HannoMass spectrometer Finnigan MAT Delta-Sppt, vs. VSMOW
37δ Deuterium, waterδD H2O‰ SMOWMeyer, HannoMass spectrometer Finnigan MAT Delta-Sppt, vs. VSMOW
38Deuterium excessd xsMeyer, HannoCalculated after Dansgaard (1964)
39CommentCommentGranskog, Mats AFalse bottom and rafted ice flags
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC) * Processing Level: PANGAEA data processing level 3 (ProcLevel3)
Size:
15865 data points

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