Oggier, Marc; Salganik, Evgenii; Whitmore, Laura; Fong, Allison A; Hoppe, Clara Jule Marie; Rember, Robert; Høyland, Knut Vilhelm; Divine, Dmitry V; Gradinger, Rolf; Fons, Steven W; Abrahamsson, Katarina; Aguilar-Islas, Ana M; Angelopoulos, Michael; Arndt, Stefanie; Balmonte, John Paul; Bozzato, Deborah; Bowman, Jeff S; Castellani, Giulia; Chamberlain, Emelia; Creamean, Jessie; D'Angelo, Alessandra; Damm, Ellen; Dumitrascu, Adela; Eggers, Sarah Lena; Gardner, Jessie; Grosfeld, Lisa; Haapala, Jari; Immerz, Antonia; Kolabutin, Nikolai; Lange, Benjamin Allen; Lei, Ruibo; Marsay, Christopher M; Maus, Sönke; Müller, Oliver; Olsen, Lasse Mørk; Nuibom, Alexey; Ren, Jian; Rinke, Annette; Sheikin, Igor; Shimanchuk, Egor; Snoeijs-Leijonmalm, Pauline; Spahic, Susanne; Stefels, Jacqueline; Torres-Valdés, Sinhué; Torstensson, Anders; Ulfsbo, Adam; Verdugo, Josefa; Vortkamp, Martina; Wang, Lei; Webster, Melinda; Wischnewski, Laura; Granskog, Mats A (2023): First-year sea-ice salinity, temperature, density, oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition from the main coring site (MCS-FYI) during MOSAiC legs 1 to 4 in 2019/2020 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.956732
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Abstract:
First-year sea-ice thickness, draft, salinity, temperature, and density were measured during near-weekly surveys at the main first-year ice coring site (MCS-FYI) during the MOSAiC expedition (legs 1 to 4). The ice cores were extracted either with a 9-cm (Mark II) or 7.25-cm (Mark III) internal diameter ice corers (Kovacs Enterprise, US). This data set includes data from 23 coring site visits and were performed from 28 October 2019 to 29 July 2020 at coring locations within 130 m to each other in the MOSAiC Central Observatory. During each coring event, ice temperature was measured in situ from a separate temperature core, using Testo 720 thermometers in drill holes with a length of half-core-diameter at 5-cm vertical resolution. Ice bulk practical salinity was measured from melted core sections at 5-cm resolution using a YSI 30 conductivity meter. Ice density was measured using the hydrostatic weighing method (Pustogvar and Kulyakhtin, 2016) from a density core in the freezer laboratory onboard Polarstern at the temperature of –15°C. Relative volumes of brine and gas were estimated from ice salinity, temperature and density using Cox and Weeks (1983) for cold ice and Leppäranta and Manninen (1988) for ice warmer than –2°C.
The data contains the event label (1), time (2), and global coordinates (3,4) of each coring measurement and sample IDs (13, 15). Each salinity core has its manually measured ice thickness (5), ice draft (6), core length (7), and mean snow height (22). Each core section has the total length of its top (8) and bottom (9) measured in situ, as well estimated depth of section top (10), bottom (11), and middle (12). The depth estimates assume that the total length of all core sections is equal to the measured ice thickness. Each core section has the value of its practical salinity (14), isotopic values (16, 17, 18) (Meyer et al., 2000), as well as sea ice temperature (19) and ice density (20) interpolated to the depth of salinity measurements. The global coordinates of coring sites were measured directly. When it was not possible, coordinates of the nearby temperature buoy 2019T66 were used. Ice mass balance buoy 2019T66 installation is described in doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.938134. Brine volume (21) fraction estimates are presented only for fraction values from 0 to 30%. Each core section also has comments (23) describing if the sample is from a false bottom, from rafted ice or has any other special characteristics.
Macronutrients from the salinity core, and more isotope data will be published in a subsequent version of this data set.
Keyword(s):
Related to:
Angelopoulos, Michael; Damm, Ellen; Simões Pereira, Patric; Abrahamsson, Katarina; Bauch, Dorothea; Bowman, Jeff S; Castellani, Giulia; Creamean, Jessie; Divine, Dmitry V; Dumitrascu, Adela; Granskog, Mats A; Kolabutin, Nikolai; Krumpen, Thomas; Fons, Steven W; Nicolaus, Marcel; Oggier, Marc; Rinke, Annette; Sachs, Torsten; Shimanchuk, Egor; Stefels, Jacqueline; Stephens, Mark; Ulfsbo, Adam; Verdugo, Josefa; Wang, Lei; Zhan, Liyang; Haas, Christian (2022): Deciphering the Properties of Different Arctic Ice Types During the Growth Phase of MOSAiC: Implications for Future Studies on Gas Pathways. Frontiers in Earth Science, 10, 864523, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.864523
Granskog, Mats A (2021): Overview sea ice cores collected by the snow and sea ice physics (ICE) team on the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4719904
Salganik, Evgenii; Katlein, Christian; Lange, Benjamin Allen; Matero, Ilkka; Lei, Ruibo; Fong, Allison A; Fons, Steven W; Divine, Dmitry V; Oggier, Marc; Castellani, Giulia; Bozzato, Deborah; Chamberlain, Emelia; Hoppe, Clara Jule Marie; Müller, Oliver; Gardner, Jessie; Rinke, Annette; Simões Pereira, Patric; Ulfsbo, Adam; Marsay, Christopher M; Webster, Melinda; Maus, Sönke; Høyland, Knut Vilhelm; Granskog, Mats A (2023): Temporal evolution of under-ice meltwater layers and false bottoms and their impact on summer Arctic sea ice mass balance. Elementa - Science of the Anthropocene, 11(1), 00035, https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2022.00035
Source:
Lei, Ruibo; Cheng, Bin; Hoppmann, Mario; Zuo, Guangyu (2021): Temperature and heating induced temperature difference measurements from SIMBA-type sea ice mass balance buoy 2019T66, deployed during MOSAiC 2019/20. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.938134
References:
Cox, G F N; Weeks, W F (1983): Equations for Determining the Gas and Brine Volumes in Sea-Ice Samples. Journal of Glaciology, 29(102), 306-316, https://doi.org/10.3189/S0022143000008364
Leppäranta, M; Manninen, T (1988): The brine and gas content of sea ice with attention to low salinities and high temperatures. Finnish Institute of Marine Research Internal Report (Vol. 2). Helsinki
Meyer, Hanno; Schönicke, Lutz; Wand, Ulrich; Hubberten, Hans-Wolfgang; Friedrichsen, Hans (2000): Isotope Studies of Hydrogen and Oxygen in Ground Ice - Experiences with the Equilibration Technique. Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 36(2), 133-149, https://doi.org/10.1080/10256010008032939
Pustogvar, A; Kulyakhtin, A (2016): Sea ice density measurements. Methods and uncertainties. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 131, 46-52, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2016.09.001
Further details:
Project(s):
Funding:
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven (AWI), grant/award no. AFMOSAiC-1_00: Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate
Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven (AWI), grant/award no. AWI_PS122_00: Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate / MOSAiC
Dutch Research Council (NWO), grant/award no. 866.18.002: Artic Sea Ice-Pelagic coupling of the Carbon and Sulfur cycles
Horizon 2020 (H2020), grant/award no. 730965: Arctic Research Icebreaker Consortium: A strategy for meeting the needs for marine-based research in the Arctic (ARICE)
National Science Foundation (NSF), grant/award no. 1735862: Chemical, Physical and Biological processes linking snow and sea ice to the Arctic Ocean mixed layer: Improving models through the MOSAiC platform
National Science Foundation (NSF), grant/award no. 1753418: Collaborative Research: Defining the Atmospheric Deposition of Trace eEements into the Arctic Ocean-Ice Ecosystem During the Year-Long MOSAIC Ice Drift
National Science Foundation (NSF), grant/award no. 1821911: Collaborative Research: Quantifying microbial controls on the annual cycle of methane and oxygen within the ultraoligotrophic Central Arctic during MOSAiC
Swedish Research Council (VR), grant/award no. 2018-00509_Formas: How warming of the Central Arctic Ocean changes the metabolic functions of sympagic and pelagic microbiomes, with emphasis on carbon and nitrogen cycling
Swedish Research Council (VR), grant/award no. 2018-01398_Formas: Drivers of anthropogenic changes in carbon storage and ocean acidification in the new Arctic Ocean (DRACO2)
Swedish Research Council (VR), grant/award no. 2018-04685_VR: Uncovering the seasonality of sympagic and pelagic microbiomes and their metabolic functions in the Central Arctic Ocean with emphasis on carbon and nitrogen cycling
The Research Council of Norway (RCN), grant/award no. 280292: Ridges - Safe HAVens for ice-associated Flora and Fauna in a Seasonally ice-covered Arctic OCean
United States Department of Energy, Atmospheric Systems Research Program, grant/award no. DE-AC05-76RL01830
United States Department of Energy, Atmospheric Systems Research Program, grant/award no. DE-SC0019745: Evaluation of ice nucleating particles and their sources in the central Arctic during MOSAiC
United States Department of Energy, Atmospheric Systems Research Program, grant/award no. DE-SC0022046: Closing the gap on understudied aerosol-climate processes in the rapidly changing central Arctic
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 84.452845 * Median Longitude: 44.201346 * South-bound Latitude: 79.248900 * West-bound Longitude: -2.658100 * North-bound Latitude: 87.788200 * East-bound Longitude: 126.393600
Date/Time Start: 2019-10-27T23:46:00 * Date/Time End: 2020-07-29T10:00:00
Minimum Elevation: -4420.2 m * Maximum Elevation: -754.2 m
Event(s):
PS122/1_5-3 * Latitude: 85.553402 * Longitude: 126.362183 * Date/Time: 2019-10-28T02:29:00 * Elevation: -4379.5 m * Sensor URI: sensor.awi.de * Campaign: PS122/1 (MOSAiC20192020) * Basis: Polarstern * Method/Device: Ice corer (IC) * Comment: temp: be1; salo18: s18; CH4: CH4; HAlO: halo; iso: iso; bromo: bromo; CHLA: eco1a; Prod: eco1b; pigs: eco1c; algae: eco1d; Be2: Be2; DIC/TA: DIC; Be3: be3; Tex: tex; DNA1: eco2a; DNA2: eco2b; RNA: eco2c; PLASTic: PLT; REPository: REP; backup: bac; meio1: meio1
PS122/1_6-34 * Latitude: 85.943718 * Longitude: 120.247440 * Date/Time: 2019-11-04T01:48:00 * Elevation: -4407.3 m * Sensor URI: sensor.awi.de * Campaign: PS122/1 (MOSAiC20192020) * Basis: Polarstern * Method/Device: Ice corer (IC) * Comment: FYI, TEMP: temperature, then Be1, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-T; FYI, CH4; FYI, SALO18, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-SALO18, original FloeNavi record: LAT 85.934141 LONG 120.357904; FYI: HALO; FYI, ECO1B: PROD, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-PROD; FYI, ECO1A: CHLA, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-CHLA; FYI, ECO1D: ALGAE, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-ALGAE; FYI, ECO1C: PIGS, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-PIGS; FYI, ISO; FYI, BROMO; FYI, Texture, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-TEX; FYI: ECO2A: DNA1, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-DNA1; FYI, ECO2B: DNA2, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-DNA2; FYI, ECO2C: RNA, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-RNA; MEIO1, bottom 10 cm only, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-MEIOI; FYI, REPository, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-REP; FYI, backup, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-BAC; FYI, DIC, 20191104-PS122-1_6-DIC; MEIO2, bottom 10 cm only, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-MEIO2, original FloeNavi record: LAT 85.937749 LONG 120.264249; FYI, BE2; FYI, BE3, original FloeNavi record: LAT 85.938242 LONG 120.249547; FYI, MethanOX, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-MethOX, original FloeNavi record: LAT 85.938386 LONG 120.245194; FYI, Gypsum, 20191104-PS122-1_6-FYI-GYP, original FloeNavi record: LAT 85.938405 LONG 120.244597
PS122/1_7-6 * Latitude: 85.871057 * Longitude: 116.273187 * Date/Time: 2019-11-11T02:52:00 * Elevation: -4413.1 m * Sensor URI: sensor.awi.de * Campaign: PS122/1 (MOSAiC20192020) * Basis: Polarstern * Method/Device: Ice corer (IC) * Comment: T: temperature FYI; ECO1A: CHLA; ECO1B: PROD; FYI; S18: FYI; ECO1D: ALGAE, FYI; ECO1C: PIGS; BY2: FYI; BAC: Backup FYI; ECO2A: DNA1; ECO2B: DNA2, FYI; TEX: FYI; ECO2C: RNA, FYI; DIC: FYI; REP: FYI; MEI01: FYI; MEO2: FYI; MEI03: FYI; METHOX: FYI
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Event label | Event | Granskog, Mats A | |||
| 2 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Granskog, Mats A | Geocode | ||
| 3 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Granskog, Mats A | Geocode – coordinates of the ice coring site at the time of sampling | ||
| 4 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Granskog, Mats A | Geocode – coordinates of the ice coring site at the time of sampling | ||
| 5 | Sea ice thickness | EsEs | m | Granskog, Mats A | Ice thickness gauge (ICEGAUGE) | Distance from the top of ice to the bottom of the ice |
| 6 | Sea ice draft | Sea ice draft | m | Granskog, Mats A | Ice thickness gauge (ICEGAUGE) | Distance from water level to bottom of the ice |
| 7 | Core length | Core length | m | Granskog, Mats A | Tape measure | Total length of the extracted ice core |
| 8 | Depth, ice/snow, top/minimum | Depth ice/snow top | m | Granskog, Mats A | Tape measure | top of ice layer sampled, measured from the ice surface |
| 9 | Depth, ice/snow, bottom/maximum | Depth ice/snow bot | m | Granskog, Mats A | Tape measure | bottom of ice layer sampled, measured from the ice surface |
| 10 | Depth, adjusted top | Depth adj top | ambsf | Granskog, Mats A | Calculated | top of ice layer sampled, relative to the water level |
| 11 | Depth, adjusted bottom | Depth adj bot | ambsf | Granskog, Mats A | Calculated | bottom of ice layer sampled, relative to the water level |
| 12 | Depth, adjusted | Depth adj | ambsf | Granskog, Mats A | Calculated | middle of ice layer sampled, relative to the water level |
| 13 | Sample ID | Sample ID | Granskog, Mats A | unique identifier for each salinity sample | ||
| 14 | Sea ice salinity | Sea ice sal | Granskog, Mats A | Salinometer, inductive | Practical salinity measured after melting | |
| 15 | Sample ID | Sample ID | Granskog, Mats A | unique identifier for each isotope sample | ||
| 16 | δ18O, water | δ18O H2O | ‰ SMOW | Granskog, Mats A | Isotopic liquid water analyzer | ppt, vs. VSMOW |
| 17 | δ Deuterium, water | δD H2O | ‰ SMOW | Granskog, Mats A | Isotopic liquid water analyzer | ppt, vs. VSMOW |
| 18 | Deuterium excess | d xs | ‰ | Granskog, Mats A | Isotopic liquid water analyzer | |
| 19 | Temperature, ice/snow | t | °C | Granskog, Mats A | Thermometer | |
| 20 | Density, ice | Density ice | kg/m3 | Høyland, Knut Vilhelm | Hydrostatic weighing | Sea ice density measured at laboratory temperature of -15C |
| 21 | Volume, brine | Vol brine | % | Granskog, Mats A | Calculated | Liquid brine volume fraction calculated from the measured sea ice salinity and temperature |
| 22 | Snow height | Snow h | m | Granskog, Mats A | Tape measure | Average snow depth at coring site |
| 23 | Comment | Comment | Granskog, Mats A | False bottom and rafted ice flags |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC) * Processing Level: PANGAEA data processing level 3 (ProcLevel3)
Size:
7847 data points
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