Citation:

algae.2013.28.2.173

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and survival, impairment of three phytoplankton species in a laboratory experiment
Published: 2013
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Akashiwo sanguinea; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Heterosigma akashiwo; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Mortality/Survival; Myzozoa; North Pacific; Ochrophyta; Organic toxins; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Single species; Thalassiosira eccentrica

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Abstract:

Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is widely used to disinfect seawater in power plant cooling systems in order to reduce biofouling, and in ballast water treatment systems to prevent transport of exotic marine species. While the toxicity of NaOCl is expected to increase by ongoing ocean acidification, and many experimental studies have shown how algal calcification, photosynthesis and growth respond to ocean acidification, no studies have investigated the relationship between NaOCl toxicity and increased CO2. Therefore, we investigated whether the impacts of NaOCl on survival, chlorophyll a (Chl-a), and effective quantum yield in three marine phytoplankton belonging to different taxonomic classes are increased under high CO2 levels. Our results show that all biological parameters of the three species decreased under increasing NaOCl concentration, but increasing CO2 concentration alone (from 450 to 715 µatm) had no effect on any of these parameters in the organisms. However, due to the synergistic effects between NaOCl and CO2, the survival and Chl-a content in two of the species, Thalassiosira eccentrica and Heterosigma akashiwo, were significantly reduced under high CO2 when NaOCl was also elevated. The results show that combined exposure to high CO2 and NaOCl results in increasing toxicity of NaOCl in some marine phytoplankton. Consequently, greater caution with use of NaOCl will be required, as its use is widespread in coastal waters.

Keyword(s):

Akashiwo sanguinea; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Chromista; Heterosigma akashiwo; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Mortality/Survival; Myzozoa; North Pacific; Ochrophyta; Organic toxins; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Single species; Thalassiosira eccentrica

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2011): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 2.4 [webpage]. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2014-12-10.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Identification	ID		Kim, Keunyong
2	Species	Species		Kim, Keunyong
3	Incubation duration	Inc dur	h	Kim, Keunyong
4	Treatment	Treat		Kim, Keunyong
5	Replicate	Repl		Kim, Keunyong
6	Total residual chlorine	TRC	mg/kg	Kim, Keunyong	Iodometric chemical method
7	Sodium hypochlorite	NaOCl	mg/kg	Kim, Keunyong
8	Abundance per volume	Abund v	#/ml	Kim, Keunyong
9	Chlorophyll a	Chl a	µg/l	Kim, Keunyong
10	Effective quantum yield	Y		Kim, Keunyong
11	Lethal concentration 50	LC50	mg/kg	Kim, Keunyong
12	Lethal concentration 50, standard deviation	LC50 std dev	±	Kim, Keunyong
13	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Kim, Keunyong
14	Salinity	Sal		Kim, Keunyong
15	pH	pH		Kim, Keunyong		NBS scale
16	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Kim, Keunyong
17	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Kim, Keunyong
18	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Kim, Keunyong
19	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Kim, Keunyong
20	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Kim, Keunyong	Calculated using CO2SYS
21	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Kim, Keunyong	Calculated using CO2SYS
22	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Kim, Keunyong	Calculated using CO2SYS
23	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Kim, Keunyong	Calculated using CO2SYS
24	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Kim, Keunyong	Calculated using CO2SYS
25	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Kim, Keunyong	Calculated using CO2SYS
26	Hypochlorous acid	HOCl	%	Kim, Keunyong	Calculated using CO2SYS
27	Hypochlorite	OCl-	%	Kim, Keunyong	Calculated using CO2SYS
28	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
29	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
30	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
31	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
32	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
33	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
34	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
35	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
36	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

44868 data points

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