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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during Van der Palm cruise from Batavia to the Netherlands started at 1849-05-05 [dataset]. Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, De Bilt, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752639, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -2.552344 * Median Longitude: 11.591484 * South-bound Latitude: -36.050000 * West-bound Longitude: -41.780000 * North-bound Latitude: 50.380000 * East-bound Longitude: 104.830000
Date/Time Start: 1849-05-05T13:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1849-09-10T00:00:00
Event(s):
Van_der_Palm_18490505_V_REIS_21_P201-212 * Latitude Start: -6.100000 * Longitude Start: 106.860000 * Latitude End: 53.000000 * Longitude End: 4.490000 * Date/Time Start: 1849-05-05T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1849-09-10T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Van Der Palm, Voyage: Batavia - Nederland, 1st Observer: J.J. Muntendam (Kapitein)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
2LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
3LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
4Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaNo temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude
7Temperature, airTTT°C
8LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
9BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
10LandmarkLandmarkName of second landmark
11BearingBearingBearing of the second landmark
12--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
13WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
14GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
15CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
16DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
17Wind scale referenceWind scale ref#Name of, or reference to the wind scale that has been used
18Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the (outside) air thermometer
19Sensor readingReadingarbitrary unitsReading of the air pressure
20Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
21Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
22Current speed descriptionV descr
23Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
24Present weatherwwWeather description
25Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
26State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
27Cloud typeCloud type
28ClearnessClearness
29GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
30Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
31FogFog1 If fog was reported
32Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
33ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
34HailHail1 If hail was reported
35Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
36CommentComment
37IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
2403 data points

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