García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during SURPRISE cruise from St. Johns to St. Johns started at 1797-09-10 [dataset]. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752383, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 38.172679 * Median Longitude: -48.368750 * South-bound Latitude: 30.670000 * West-bound Longitude: -52.400000 * North-bound Latitude: 47.530000 * East-bound Longitude: -44.950000
Date/Time Start: 1797-09-10T15:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1797-11-04T15:00:00
Event(s):
Surprise_17970910_NMM_ADM/L/S548 * Latitude Start: 47.670000 * Longitude Start: -52.270000 * Latitude End: 47.670000 * Longitude End: -52.270000 * Date/Time Start: 1797-09-10T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1797-11-04T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Surprise (5th Rate Frigate), Voyage: St Johns On A Cruise To Bermuda And Back - St Johns, 1st Observer: Edward Hamilton (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 32G 578BM
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 7 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 8 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 9 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
| 10 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 11 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 12 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 13 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 14 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 15 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 16 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 17 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 18 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 19 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 20 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 21 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 22 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 23 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 24 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 25 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
1033 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 7 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 8 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 9 - (1 If position is considered t...) | 10 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 11 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 12 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 13 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 14 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 15 Precip descr | 16 State sea descr | 17 Clearness | 18 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 19 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 20 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 21 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 22 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 23 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 24 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 25 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1797-09-10T15:00 | 47.47 | -52.30 | 204 | 1.0 | ST JOHNS | NWBW | 6 | -21 | ESE, SW | LIGHT AIRS | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246630 | |||||
| 1797-09-11T15:00 | 46.83 | -51.75 | 362 | 2.6 | FIAL | S64E | 373 | S25E | 52.00 | -21 | VARIABLE | LIGHT BREEZES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246631 | |||
| 1797-09-12T15:00 | 46.35 | -50.27 | 182 | 6.7 | FIAL | S63E | 357 | S63E | 79.00 | -21 | SSE, SSW | MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246632 | |||
| 1797-09-13T15:00 | 45.52 | -50.03 | 137 | 2.6 | FIAL | S63E | 357 | S11E | 51.00 | -21 | WSW, SSE | LIGHT BREEZES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246633 | |||
| 1797-09-14T15:00 | 43.90 | -46.70 | 181 | 9.3 | FIAL | S65E | 297 | S58E | 165.00 | -22 | SWBS, SSW | FRESH BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246634 | ||||
| 1797-09-15T15:00 | 42.17 | -44.98 | 362 | 22.6 | FIAL | S74E | 263 | S36E | 129.00 | -17 | W, VARIABLE | FRESH BREEZES, LATTER PARTS STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246635 | ||||
| 1797-09-16T15:00 | 41.57 | -46.07 | 321 | 19.0 | CAPE SPEAR | N45W | 145 | S58W | 58.00 | -17 | NNW | FRESH GALES | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246636 | |||
| 1797-09-17T15:00 | 40.62 | -46.03 | 163 | 1.0 | CAPE SPEAR | N29W | 160 | S17W | 65.00 | -17 | NE, S | LIGHT AIRS | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246637 | |||
| 1797-09-18T15:00 | 38.58 | -45.35 | 231 | 9.3 | BERMUDA, N POINT | S72W | 480 | S22E | 133.00 | -17 | WSW | FRESH BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246638 | |||
| 1797-09-19T15:00 | 37.90 | -45.13 | 231 | 0.0 | BERMUDA, N POINT | S74W | 373 | S14E | 43.00 | -17 | WSW | LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER PART CALM | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246639 | |||
| 1797-09-20T15:00 | 37.68 | -44.95 | 141 | 1.0 | BERMUDAS | S71:31W | 370 | S25E | 23.00 | -17 | SWBS, SSE | LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246640 | ||||
| 1797-09-21T15:00 | 37.40 | -45.07 | 190 | 2.6 | BERMUDAS | S72W | 313 | S18W | 26.00 | -13 | SSW | LIGHT BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246641 | ||||
| 1797-09-22T15:00 | 36.92 | -45.57 | 190 | 1.0 | BERMUDAS | S79W | 300 | S45E | 34.00 | -13 | SSW | LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246642 | ||||
| 1797-09-23T15:00 | 36.30 | -47.47 | 167 | 19.0 | BERMUDAS | S73W | 348 | S68E | 98.00 | -13 | S | MODERATE BREEZES, LATTER PART FRESH GALES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246643 | |||
| 1797-09-24T15:00 | 35.12 | -47.05 | 167 | 19.0 | BERMUDAS | S79W | 300 | S16E | 62.00 | -13 | S | FRESH GALES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246644 | ||||
| 1797-09-25T15:00 | 33.33 | -46.62 | 235 | 2.6 | BERMUDAS | S87W | 287 | S15E | 81.00 | -13 | WSW | LIGHT BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246645 | ||||
| 1797-09-26T15:00 | 32.63 | -46.20 | 235 | 2.6 | BERMUDAS | W | 290 | S24E | 52.00 | -13 | WSW | LIGHT BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246646 | ||||
| 1797-09-27T15:00 | 32.63 | -46.20 | 257 | 1.0 | BERMUDAS | N88W | 287 | S26E | 29.00 | -13 | W | LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246647 | ||||
| 1797-09-28T15:00 | 31.80 | -45.83 | 260 | 1.0 | BERMUDAS | N87W | 298 | S6E | 22.00 | -10 | W | LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246648 | ||||
| 1797-09-29T15:00 | 31.40 | -46.15 | 260 | 1.0 | BERMUDAS | N85W | 280 | S30W | 30.00 | -10 | W | LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246649 | ||||
| 1797-09-30T15:00 | 31.43 | -46.90 | 103 | 1.0 | BERMUDAS | N85:30W | 263 | N88W | 41.00 | -10 | ESE | LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246650 | ||||
| 1797-10-01T15:00 | 31.52 | -47.47 | 58 | 1.0 | BERMUDAS | N85:30W | 263 | N86W | 32.00 | -10 | ENE | LIGHT AIRS | HEAVY RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246651 | |||
| 1797-10-02T15:00 | 31.78 | -47.67 | 127 | 2.6 | BERMUDAS | N87W | 243 | S45W | 11.00 | -8 | SE | LIGHT BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246652 | ||||
| 1797-10-03T15:00 | 31.87 | -48.27 | 195 | 2.6 | BERMUDAS | N85:30W | 263 | N80W | 29.00 | -8 | SSW | LIGHT BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246653 | ||||
| 1797-10-04T15:00 | 31.85 | -49.32 | 217 | 6.7 | BERMUDAS | N87W | 282 | S40W | 62.00 | -8 | SW | MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246654 | |||
| 1797-10-05T15:00 | 31.27 | -47.97 | 217 | 1.0 | BERMUDAS | N82W | 266 | S27E | 35.00 | -8 | SW | LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246655 | ||||
| 1797-10-06T15:00 | 30.85 | -48.00 | 362 | 1.0 | BERMUDAS | N82W | 260 | S6W | 23.00 | -8 | VARIABLE | LIGHT AIRS AND CALM | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246656 | ||||
| 1797-10-07T15:00 | 30.67 | -48.37 | 60 | BERMUDAS | N82W | 256 | S67W | 18.00 | -8 | ENE | LIGHT AIRS, LATTER PART SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246657 | |||||
| 1797-10-08T15:00 | 30.87 | -48.40 | 15 | 1.0 | BERMUDAS | N82W | 246 | N6W | 14.00 | -8 | NNE | LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246658 | ||||
| 1797-10-09T15:00 | 30.90 | -48.43 | 362 | 1.0 | BERMUDAS | N82W | 240 | N22W | 4.00 | -8 | VARIABLE | LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246659 | ||||
| 1797-10-10T15:00 | 31.37 | -48.70 | 60 | 1.0 | BERMUDAS | N84W | 240 | N26W | 30.00 | -8 | ENE | LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246660 | ||||
| 1797-10-11T15:00 | 32.50 | -48.58 | 82 | 6.7 | BERMUDAS | W | 251 | N5E | 67.00 | -8 | E | MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246661 | |||
| 1797-10-12T15:00 | 33.62 | -48.38 | 79 | 6.7 | BERMUDAS | S83W | 230 | N9E | 65.00 | -11 | E | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246662 | |||
| 1797-10-13T15:00 | 33.98 | -49.05 | 12 | 2.6 | BERMUDAS | S83W | 230 | N49W | 41.00 | -11 | NNE | LIGHT BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246663 | ||||
| 1797-10-14T15:00 | 34.58 | -49.78 | 90 | 6.7 | BERMUDAS | S80W | 230 | N44W | 48.00 | -11 | EBS | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246664 | |||
| 1797-10-15T15:00 | 35.17 | -50.00 | 90 | 6.7 | CAPE SPEAR | N6W | 247 | N16W | 27.00 | -11 | EBS | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246665 | |||
| 1797-10-16T15:00 | 36.30 | -50.23 | 57 | CAPE SPEAR | N8W | 227 | N8W | 57.00 | -11 | ENE | LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER PART SQUALLY | RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 246666 | ||||
| 1797-10-17T15:00 | 37.02 | -50.10 | 362 | 6.7 | CAPE SPEAR | N8W | 213 | N11E | 42.00 | -11 | VARIABLE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246667 | |||
| 1797-10-18T15:00 | 37.83 | -49.58 | 322 | 9.3 | CAPE SPEAR | N11W | 197 | N27E | 53.00 | -16 | NNW | LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER PART FRESH BREEZES | LATTER A HEAVY SWELL | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246668 | ||
| 1797-10-19T15:00 | 38.37 | -49.15 | 29 | 6.7 | CAPE SPEAR | N13W | 195 | N31E | 40.00 | -16 | NE | MODERATE | CLOUDY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246669 | |||
| 1797-10-20T15:00 | 39.93 | -48.47 | 142 | 26.8 | CAPE SPEAR | N19W | 160 | N19E | 100.00 | -16 | SSE | LIGHT AIRS, LATTER PART HARD GALES | LATTER PART HEAVY RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246670 | |||
| 1797-10-21T15:00 | 41.20 | -47.23 | 298 | 12.3 | CAPE SPEAR | N30W | 155 | N42E | 72.00 | -17 | NW | STEADY GALES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246671 | ||||
| 1797-10-22T15:00 | 40.93 | -47.60 | 299 | 22.6 | CAPE SPEAR | N30W | 155 | S48W | 22.00 | -16 | NW | STRONG GALES AND SQUALLS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246672 | ||||
| 1797-10-23T15:00 | 41.27 | -47.15 | 208 | 19.0 | CAPE SPEAR | N30W | 145 | N39E | 24.00 | -17 | VARIABLE, SW | FIRST PART LIGHT BREEZE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES | MIDDLE AND LATTER HEAVY RAIN | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246673 | |||
| 1797-10-24T15:00 | 42.10 | -47.63 | 277 | 12.3 | CAPE SPEAR | N31W | 127 | N23W | 38.00 | -16 | WNW | STRONG BREEZES AND SQUALLY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246674 | ||||
| 1797-10-25T15:00 | 41.85 | -48.75 | 299 | 9.3 | CAPE SPEAR | N27W | 124 | S47W | 38.00 | -16 | NW | FRESH BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246675 | ||||
| 1797-10-26T15:00 | 42.53 | -49.63 | 204 | 6.7 | CAPE SPEAR | N29W | 110 | N69E | 37.00 | -21 | VARIABLE, SW | MODERATE | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246676 | |||
| 1797-10-27T15:00 | 42.87 | -48.97 | 204 | 2.6 | CAPE SPEAR | N27W | 115 | N69E | 42.00 | -21 | SW | LIGHT BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246677 | ||||
| 1797-10-28T15:00 | 43.07 | -48.70 | 339 | 2.6 | CAPE SPEAR | N29W | 112 | N41E | 10.00 | -21 | N | LIGHT BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246678 | ||||
| 1797-10-29T15:00 | 42.87 | -50.67 | 339 | 19.0 | CAPE SPEAR | N13W | 96 | S80W | 87.00 | -21 | N | FRESH GALES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246679 | ||||
| 1797-10-30T15:00 | 44.12 | -51.23 | 159 | 1.0 | CAPE SPEAR | N12W | 70 | N18W | 79.00 | -21 | N, VARIABLE, S | LIGHT AIRS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246680 | ||||
| 1797-10-31T15:00 | 46.00 | -52.25 | 249 | 9.3 | CAPE SPEAR | N | 31 | N23W | 147.00 | -21 | W | FRESH BREEZES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246681 | |||
| 1797-11-01T15:00 | 47.13 | -51.33 | 92 | 22.6 | CAPE SPEAR | N65:37W | 16 | N53W | 112.00 | -21 | ESE | MODERATE, LATTER PART STRONG GALES | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246682 | |||
| 1797-11-02T15:00 | 47.17 | -51.00 | 227 | 22.6 | CAPE SPEAR | N65:37W | 16 | N48E | 15.00 | -21 | WSW | FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE STRONG GALES | MIDDLE A VERY HEAVY SEA | HAZY | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246683 | ||
| 1797-11-03T15:00 | 47.23 | -51.57 | 294 | 2.6 | CAPE SPEAR | N56W | 12 | N55W | 27.00 | -21 | NW | HARD GALES, LATTER PART LIGHT BREEZES | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246684 | ||||
| 1797-11-04T15:00 | 47.53 | -52.40 | 288 | 23.5 | ST JOHNS | NWBW | 4 | 1 | N65W | 46.00 | -27 | NW | FRESH BREEZES, LATTER PART A VERY HEAVY GALES | CLEAR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 246685 |