/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during SURPRISE cruise from St. Johns to St. Johns started at 1797-09-10. National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, United Kingdom, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.752383, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1). PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088 Related to: García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6 Project(s): Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC) (URI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLIWOC) Funding: Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (URI: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/EVK2-CT-2000-00090) Coverage: MEDIAN LATITUDE: 38.172679 * MEDIAN LONGITUDE: -48.368750 * SOUTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 30.670000 * WEST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -52.400000 * NORTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 47.530000 * EAST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -44.950000 DATE/TIME START: 1797-09-10T15:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1797-11-04T15:00:00 Event(s): Surprise_17970910_NMM_ADM/L/S548 * LATITUDE START: 47.670000 * LONGITUDE START: -52.270000 * LATITUDE END: 47.670000 * LONGITUDE END: -52.270000 * DATE/TIME START: 1797-09-10T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1797-11-04T00:00:00 * CAMPAIGN: Cliwoc_cruise * METHOD/DEVICE: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * COMMENT: Ship: Surprise (5th Rate Frigate), Voyage: St Johns On A Cruise To Bermuda And Back - St Johns, 1st Observer: Edward Hamilton (Captain), Company: Royal Navy, Other ship information: 32G 578BM Parameter(s): DATE/TIME (Date/Time) * GEOCODE LATITUDE (Latitude) * GEOCODE LONGITUDE (Longitude) * GEOCODE Wind direction [deg] (dd) * COMMENT: Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. Wind speed [m/s] (ff) * COMMENT: calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations Landmark (Landmark) * COMMENT: Name of first landmark Bearing (Bearing) * COMMENT: Bearing of the first landmark Distance to landmark [arbitrary units] (Distance) * COMMENT: Distance to the first landmark - (-) * COMMENT: 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) Course (Course) * COMMENT: Course of the ship during the past 24 hours Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance) * COMMENT: Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours Declination [deg] (Decl) * COMMENT: It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. Wind direction description (Wind dir descr) * COMMENT: All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. Wind force description (Wind force descr) * COMMENT: All reported wind forces on this day Precipitation description (Precip descr) State of the sea description (State sea descr) Clearness (Clearness) Gusts (Gusts) * COMMENT: 1 If wind gusts are reported Precipitation/Rain (Rain) * COMMENT: 1 If rain was reported Fog (Fog) * COMMENT: 1 If fog was reported Snow type (Snow) * COMMENT: 1 If snow was reported Thunder (Thunder) * COMMENT: 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported Hail (Hail) * COMMENT: 1 If hail was reported Sea ice (Sea ice) * COMMENT: 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported Identification (ID) * COMMENT: CLIWOC 2.1 line number License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) Size: 1033 data points */ Date/Time Latitude Longitude dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) Landmark (Name of first landmark) Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) - (1 If position is considered t...) Course (Course of the ship during the...) Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) Precip descr State sea descr Clearness Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) Rain (1 If rain was reported) Fog (1 If fog was reported) Snow (1 If snow was reported) Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) Hail (1 If hail was reported) Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) 1797-09-10T15:00 47.47 -52.30 204 1.0 ST JOHNS NWBW 6 -21 ESE, SW LIGHT AIRS CLEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246630 1797-09-11T15:00 46.83 -51.75 362 2.6 FIAL S64E 373 S25E 52.00 -21 VARIABLE LIGHT BREEZES CLEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246631 1797-09-12T15:00 46.35 -50.27 182 6.7 FIAL S63E 357 S63E 79.00 -21 SSE, SSW MODERATE CLEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246632 1797-09-13T15:00 45.52 -50.03 137 2.6 FIAL S63E 357 S11E 51.00 -21 WSW, SSE LIGHT BREEZES CLEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246633 1797-09-14T15:00 43.90 -46.70 181 9.3 FIAL S65E 297 S58E 165.00 -22 SWBS, SSW FRESH BREEZES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246634 1797-09-15T15:00 42.17 -44.98 362 22.6 FIAL S74E 263 S36E 129.00 -17 W, VARIABLE FRESH BREEZES, LATTER PARTS STRONG GALES AND SQUALLY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246635 1797-09-16T15:00 41.57 -46.07 321 19.0 CAPE SPEAR N45W 145 S58W 58.00 -17 NNW FRESH GALES RAIN 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 246636 1797-09-17T15:00 40.62 -46.03 163 1.0 CAPE SPEAR N29W 160 S17W 65.00 -17 NE, S LIGHT AIRS HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246637 1797-09-18T15:00 38.58 -45.35 231 9.3 BERMUDA, N POINT S72W 480 S22E 133.00 -17 WSW FRESH BREEZES HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246638 1797-09-19T15:00 37.90 -45.13 231 0.0 BERMUDA, N POINT S74W 373 S14E 43.00 -17 WSW LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER PART CALM CLEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246639 1797-09-20T15:00 37.68 -44.95 141 1.0 BERMUDAS S71:31W 370 S25E 23.00 -17 SWBS, SSE LIGHT AIRS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246640 1797-09-21T15:00 37.40 -45.07 190 2.6 BERMUDAS S72W 313 S18W 26.00 -13 SSW LIGHT BREEZES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246641 1797-09-22T15:00 36.92 -45.57 190 1.0 BERMUDAS S79W 300 S45E 34.00 -13 SSW LIGHT AIRS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246642 1797-09-23T15:00 36.30 -47.47 167 19.0 BERMUDAS S73W 348 S68E 98.00 -13 S MODERATE BREEZES, LATTER PART FRESH GALES CLEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246643 1797-09-24T15:00 35.12 -47.05 167 19.0 BERMUDAS S79W 300 S16E 62.00 -13 S FRESH GALES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246644 1797-09-25T15:00 33.33 -46.62 235 2.6 BERMUDAS S87W 287 S15E 81.00 -13 WSW LIGHT BREEZES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246645 1797-09-26T15:00 32.63 -46.20 235 2.6 BERMUDAS W 290 S24E 52.00 -13 WSW LIGHT BREEZES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246646 1797-09-27T15:00 32.63 -46.20 257 1.0 BERMUDAS N88W 287 S26E 29.00 -13 W LIGHT AIRS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246647 1797-09-28T15:00 31.80 -45.83 260 1.0 BERMUDAS N87W 298 S6E 22.00 -10 W LIGHT AIRS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246648 1797-09-29T15:00 31.40 -46.15 260 1.0 BERMUDAS N85W 280 S30W 30.00 -10 W LIGHT AIRS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246649 1797-09-30T15:00 31.43 -46.90 103 1.0 BERMUDAS N85:30W 263 N88W 41.00 -10 ESE LIGHT AIRS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246650 1797-10-01T15:00 31.52 -47.47 58 1.0 BERMUDAS N85:30W 263 N86W 32.00 -10 ENE LIGHT AIRS HEAVY RAIN 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 246651 1797-10-02T15:00 31.78 -47.67 127 2.6 BERMUDAS N87W 243 S45W 11.00 -8 SE LIGHT BREEZES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246652 1797-10-03T15:00 31.87 -48.27 195 2.6 BERMUDAS N85:30W 263 N80W 29.00 -8 SSW LIGHT BREEZES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246653 1797-10-04T15:00 31.85 -49.32 217 6.7 BERMUDAS N87W 282 S40W 62.00 -8 SW MODERATE CLEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246654 1797-10-05T15:00 31.27 -47.97 217 1.0 BERMUDAS N82W 266 S27E 35.00 -8 SW LIGHT AIRS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246655 1797-10-06T15:00 30.85 -48.00 362 1.0 BERMUDAS N82W 260 S6W 23.00 -8 VARIABLE LIGHT AIRS AND CALM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246656 1797-10-07T15:00 30.67 -48.37 60 BERMUDAS N82W 256 S67W 18.00 -8 ENE LIGHT AIRS, LATTER PART SQUALLY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246657 1797-10-08T15:00 30.87 -48.40 15 1.0 BERMUDAS N82W 246 N6W 14.00 -8 NNE LIGHT AIRS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246658 1797-10-09T15:00 30.90 -48.43 362 1.0 BERMUDAS N82W 240 N22W 4.00 -8 VARIABLE LIGHT AIRS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246659 1797-10-10T15:00 31.37 -48.70 60 1.0 BERMUDAS N84W 240 N26W 30.00 -8 ENE LIGHT AIRS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246660 1797-10-11T15:00 32.50 -48.58 82 6.7 BERMUDAS W 251 N5E 67.00 -8 E MODERATE CLEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246661 1797-10-12T15:00 33.62 -48.38 79 6.7 BERMUDAS S83W 230 N9E 65.00 -11 E MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246662 1797-10-13T15:00 33.98 -49.05 12 2.6 BERMUDAS S83W 230 N49W 41.00 -11 NNE LIGHT BREEZES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246663 1797-10-14T15:00 34.58 -49.78 90 6.7 BERMUDAS S80W 230 N44W 48.00 -11 EBS MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246664 1797-10-15T15:00 35.17 -50.00 90 6.7 CAPE SPEAR N6W 247 N16W 27.00 -11 EBS MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246665 1797-10-16T15:00 36.30 -50.23 57 CAPE SPEAR N8W 227 N8W 57.00 -11 ENE LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER PART SQUALLY RAIN 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 246666 1797-10-17T15:00 37.02 -50.10 362 6.7 CAPE SPEAR N8W 213 N11E 42.00 -11 VARIABLE MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246667 1797-10-18T15:00 37.83 -49.58 322 9.3 CAPE SPEAR N11W 197 N27E 53.00 -16 NNW LIGHT BREEZES, LATTER PART FRESH BREEZES LATTER A HEAVY SWELL CLEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246668 1797-10-19T15:00 38.37 -49.15 29 6.7 CAPE SPEAR N13W 195 N31E 40.00 -16 NE MODERATE CLOUDY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246669 1797-10-20T15:00 39.93 -48.47 142 26.8 CAPE SPEAR N19W 160 N19E 100.00 -16 SSE LIGHT AIRS, LATTER PART HARD GALES LATTER PART HEAVY RAIN 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 246670 1797-10-21T15:00 41.20 -47.23 298 12.3 CAPE SPEAR N30W 155 N42E 72.00 -17 NW STEADY GALES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246671 1797-10-22T15:00 40.93 -47.60 299 22.6 CAPE SPEAR N30W 155 S48W 22.00 -16 NW STRONG GALES AND SQUALLS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246672 1797-10-23T15:00 41.27 -47.15 208 19.0 CAPE SPEAR N30W 145 N39E 24.00 -17 VARIABLE, SW FIRST PART LIGHT BREEZE, MIDDLE AND LATTER FRESH GALES MIDDLE AND LATTER HEAVY RAIN 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 246673 1797-10-24T15:00 42.10 -47.63 277 12.3 CAPE SPEAR N31W 127 N23W 38.00 -16 WNW STRONG BREEZES AND SQUALLY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246674 1797-10-25T15:00 41.85 -48.75 299 9.3 CAPE SPEAR N27W 124 S47W 38.00 -16 NW FRESH BREEZES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246675 1797-10-26T15:00 42.53 -49.63 204 6.7 CAPE SPEAR N29W 110 N69E 37.00 -21 VARIABLE, SW MODERATE CLEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246676 1797-10-27T15:00 42.87 -48.97 204 2.6 CAPE SPEAR N27W 115 N69E 42.00 -21 SW LIGHT BREEZES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246677 1797-10-28T15:00 43.07 -48.70 339 2.6 CAPE SPEAR N29W 112 N41E 10.00 -21 N LIGHT BREEZES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246678 1797-10-29T15:00 42.87 -50.67 339 19.0 CAPE SPEAR N13W 96 S80W 87.00 -21 N FRESH GALES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246679 1797-10-30T15:00 44.12 -51.23 159 1.0 CAPE SPEAR N12W 70 N18W 79.00 -21 N, VARIABLE, S LIGHT AIRS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246680 1797-10-31T15:00 46.00 -52.25 249 9.3 CAPE SPEAR N 31 N23W 147.00 -21 W FRESH BREEZES HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246681 1797-11-01T15:00 47.13 -51.33 92 22.6 CAPE SPEAR N65:37W 16 N53W 112.00 -21 ESE MODERATE, LATTER PART STRONG GALES HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246682 1797-11-02T15:00 47.17 -51.00 227 22.6 CAPE SPEAR N65:37W 16 N48E 15.00 -21 WSW FRESH BREEZES, MIDDLE STRONG GALES MIDDLE A VERY HEAVY SEA HAZY 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246683 1797-11-03T15:00 47.23 -51.57 294 2.6 CAPE SPEAR N56W 12 N55W 27.00 -21 NW HARD GALES, LATTER PART LIGHT BREEZES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246684 1797-11-04T15:00 47.53 -52.40 288 23.5 ST JOHNS NWBW 4 1 N65W 46.00 -27 NW FRESH BREEZES, LATTER PART A VERY HEAVY GALES CLEAR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 246685