García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during EUROPA cruise from Cadiz to Concepcion de Chile started at 1795-11-22 [dataset]. Archivo Museo Naval Madrid, Spain, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.749247, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -21.781667 * Median Longitude: -46.804583 * South-bound Latitude: -57.930000 * West-bound Longitude: -81.550000 * North-bound Latitude: 23.800000 * East-bound Longitude: -18.070000
Date/Time Start: 1795-11-22T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1796-03-06T17:00:00
Event(s):
Europa_17951122_MS_271_DOC_22 * Latitude Start: 36.070000 * Longitude Start: -6.730000 * Latitude End: -36.100000 * Longitude End: -73.880000 * Date/Time Start: 1795-11-22T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1796-03-06T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Europa (Navio), Voyage: Cadiz - Concepcion De Chile, 1st Observer: Ignacio Maria de Alava (Comandante)
Comment:
1796-03-06T17:00: LLEGA EL NAVIO SAN PEDRO. DICE QUE LAS ALTERACIONES DEL BAROMETRO Y TERMOMETRO HAN SIDO ANOTADAS CONSTANTEMENTE CADA 4 HORAS POR LOS OFICIALES DE GUARDIA. HABLA DE LA UTILIDAD DE ESTOS INSTRUMENTOS PARA LA NAVEGACION, ESPECIALMENTE EN LAS GRANDES LATITUDES, ADVERTIRE DE PASO QUE DESDE LA LATITUD DE 44º S BAJO EL MERCURIO A 27 PULGADAS Y 6 LINEAS DE LA MEDIDAD FRANCESA Y EN ESTE ESTADO INDICO SIEMPRE EL BUEN TIEMPO CON VIENTOS MODERADOS SIENDO EXCESO DE BONDAD LAS POCAS VECES QUE PASO DE AQUEL TERMINO. EN LOS TEMPORALES EL DESCENSO FUE SIEMPRE GRANDE RESPECTO A LO EXPERIMENTADO EN NUESTROS CLIMAS Y EL MAS CONSIDERABLE DE 26 PULGADAS, 4 LINEAS Y 8 DECIMAS SE ADVIRTIO EL 18 DE FEBRERO POR LOS 57º 50 DE LATITUD SUR. ESTE INSTRUMENTO, CONSTRUIDO POR DOLLOND, PREDIJO EXACTAMENTE LOS HURACANES O VIENTOS DE EXTRAORDINARIA FUERZA Y SIEMPRE CON LA ANTICIPACION NECESARIA PARA PODERSE PRECAVER Y EVITAR DESCALABROS. NUNCA MEDIARON MENOS DE DOS HORAS DEL ANUNCIO A LA SUCESION DEL TIEMPO Y, EN EL FUERTE QUE SUFRIMOS EL 14 DE FEBRERO Y LA LATITUD DE 56º 30 SUR, LO INDICO OCHO HORAS ANTES, BIEN QUE A LA SAZON SOPLABA EL VIENTO DEL NORDESTE, QUE EN ESTOS PARAJES IMPREGNA MUCHO LA ATMOSFERA, PUDIENDO POR ÚLTIMO ASEGURAR QUE EN MUCHOS AÑOS QUE ME ACOMPAÑA ESTE INSTRUMENTO JAMAS ME FUE TAN UTIL COMO EN LA ACTUAL CAMPAÑA. MARCHA PARA TALCAHUANO DESDE DONDE REDACTA EL DIARIO. ACOMPAÑA UN PRECIOSO MAPA DERROTERO DONDE INDICA ALGUNAS ANOTACIONES DE FECHAS, POSICIONES, ETC.
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Pressure, atmospheric | PPPP | hPa | No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude | ||
| 7 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 8 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
| 9 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 10 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 11 | Comment | Comment | Any remark, found in the logbook on this particular day, about any biological item | |||
| 12 | Comment | Comment | Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields | |||
| 13 | Comment 2 (continued) | Comm 2 | Other remarks | |||
| 14 | Comment 3 (continued) | Comm 3 | Other remarks | |||
| 15 | Comment 4 (continued) | Comm 4 | Other remarks | |||
| 16 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 17 | Sensor reading | Reading | arbitrary units | Reading of the air pressure | ||
| 18 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 19 | Current direction description | Cur dir descr | Direction of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to. | |||
| 20 | Current speed description | V descr | ||||
| 21 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 22 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 23 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 24 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 25 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 26 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 27 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 28 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 29 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 30 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 31 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 32 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
1193 data points