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García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during CANDIA cruise from Hellevoetsluis to Batavia started at 1790-11-08 [dataset]. Nederlands Scheepvaartmuseum Amsterdam, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747799, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088

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Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -14.611488 * Median Longitude: 18.482381 * South-bound Latitude: -38.520000 * West-bound Longitude: -29.150000 * North-bound Latitude: 48.320000 * East-bound Longitude: 106.860000
Date/Time Start: 1790-11-08T13:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1791-06-15T05:00:00
Event(s):
Candia_17901108_I-37 * Latitude Start: 51.940000 * Longitude Start: 3.720000 * Latitude End: -6.100000 * Longitude End: 106.860000 * Date/Time Start: 1790-11-08T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1791-06-15T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Candia (Spiegelretoursc), Voyage: Hellevoetsluis - Batavia, 1st Observer: Dirk Dirksz. Varkevisser (Schipper), 2nd Observer: Smalt (KLtz), Company: VOC, Dutch Asiatic Shipping Number: 4683.1, Other ship information: GEBOUWD IN 1788 TE ROTTERDAM, LAADVERMOGEN 1150 TON, LENGTE 150 VOET
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGeocode
2LATITUDELatitudeGeocode
3LONGITUDELongitudeGeocode
4Wind directiondddegWind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected.
5Wind speedffm/scalculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations
6LandmarkLandmarkName of first landmark
7BearingBearingBearing of the first landmark
8Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the first landmark
9LandmarkLandmarkName of second landmark
10BearingBearingBearing of the second landmark
11Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the second landmark
12LandmarkLandmarkName of third landmark
13BearingBearingBearing of the third landmark
14Distance to landmarkDistancearbitrary unitsDistance to the third landmark
15--1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances)
16WatchWatchName of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships
17GlassesGlassesNumber of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses
18CommentCommentLife on board
19CourseCourseCourse of the ship during the past 24 hours
20DistanceDistancearbitrary unitsDistance travelled during the previous 24 hours
21CommentCommentAny remark, found in the logbook on this particular day, about the ship, sails, rigging, etc.
22CommentCommentAny remark, found in the logbook on this particular day, about any biological item
23CommentCommentOther remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields
24DeclinationDecldegIt is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction.
25Wind direction descriptionWind dir descrAll reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from.
26Current direction descriptionCur dir descrDirection of the current. This direction points to where the current is flowing towards to.
27Current speed descriptionV descr
28Wind force descriptionWind force descrAll reported wind forces on this day
29Present weatherwwWeather description
30Precipitation descriptionPrecip descr
31State of the sea descriptionState sea descr
32Cloud typeCloud type
33ClearnessClearness
34GustsGusts1 If wind gusts are reported
35Precipitation/RainRain1 If rain was reported
36FogFog1 If fog was reported
37Snow typeSnow1 If snow was reported
38ThunderThunder1 If thunder and or lightning was reported
39HailHail1 If hail was reported
40Sea iceSea ice1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported
41CommentComment
42IdentificationIDCLIWOC 2.1 line number
Size:
3248 data points

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