García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during ADDER cruise from New York to the Netherlands started at 1846-09-21 [dataset]. Nationaal Archief of the Netherlands, Den Haag, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747161, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1) [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Related to:
García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6
Project(s):
Funding:
Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 44.902609 * Median Longitude: -36.573043 * South-bound Latitude: 39.430000 * West-bound Longitude: -73.590000 * North-bound Latitude: 51.810000 * East-bound Longitude: 4.080000
Date/Time Start: 1846-09-21T17:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1846-10-14T12:00:00
Event(s):
Adder_18460921_MAR_D23905_20 * Latitude Start: 40.670000 * Longitude Start: -74.040000 * Latitude End: 49.000000 * Longitude End: -6.320000 * Date/Time Start: 1846-09-21T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1846-10-14T00:00:00 * Campaign: Cliwoc_cruise * Method/Device: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * Comment: Ship: Adder (Schoener), Voyage: New York - The Netherlands, 1st Observer: Volmer Knollaert (Ltz), Company: MAR
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | DATE/TIME | Date/Time | Geocode | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Geocode | |||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Geocode | |||
| 4 | Wind direction | dd | deg | Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. | ||
| 5 | Wind speed | ff | m/s | calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations | ||
| 6 | Pressure, atmospheric | PPPP | hPa | No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude | ||
| 7 | Temperature, air | TTT | °C | |||
| 8 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of first landmark | |||
| 9 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the first landmark | |||
| 10 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the first landmark | ||
| 11 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of second landmark | |||
| 12 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the second landmark | |||
| 13 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the second landmark | ||
| 14 | Landmark | Landmark | Name of third landmark | |||
| 15 | Bearing | Bearing | Bearing of the third landmark | |||
| 16 | Distance to landmark | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance to the third landmark | ||
| 17 | - | - | 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) | |||
| 18 | Watch | Watch | Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships | |||
| 19 | Glasses | Glasses | Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses | |||
| 20 | Comment | Comment | Life on board | |||
| 21 | Course | Course | Course of the ship during the past 24 hours | |||
| 22 | Distance | Distance | arbitrary units | Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours | ||
| 23 | Comment | Comment | Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields | |||
| 24 | Declination | Decl | deg | It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. | ||
| 25 | Sensor reading | Reading | arbitrary units | Reading of the (outside) air thermometer | ||
| 26 | Sensor reading | Reading | arbitrary units | Reading of the air pressure | ||
| 27 | Wind direction description | Wind dir descr | All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. | |||
| 28 | Wind force description | Wind force descr | All reported wind forces on this day | |||
| 29 | Present weather | ww | Weather description | |||
| 30 | Precipitation description | Precip descr | ||||
| 31 | State of the sea description | State sea descr | ||||
| 32 | Cloud type | Cloud type | ||||
| 33 | Clearness | Clearness | ||||
| 34 | Gusts | Gusts | 1 If wind gusts are reported | |||
| 35 | Precipitation/Rain | Rain | 1 If rain was reported | |||
| 36 | Fog | Fog | 1 If fog was reported | |||
| 37 | Snow type | Snow | 1 If snow was reported | |||
| 38 | Thunder | Thunder | 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported | |||
| 39 | Hail | Hail | 1 If hail was reported | |||
| 40 | Sea ice | Sea ice | 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported | |||
| 41 | Identification | ID | CLIWOC 2.1 line number |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
572 data points
Data
| 1 Date/Time | 2 Latitude | 3 Longitude | 4 dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) | 5 ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) | 6 PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...) | 7 TTT [°C] | 8 Landmark (Name of first landmark) | 9 Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) | 10 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) | 11 Landmark (Name of second landmark) | 12 Bearing (Bearing of the second landmark) | 13 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the second landmark) | 14 Landmark (Name of third landmark) | 15 Bearing (Bearing of the third landmark) | 16 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the third landmark) | 17 - (1 If position is considered t...) | 18 Watch (Name of the period of 4 hours...) | 19 Glasses (Number of glasses within a wa...) | 20 Comment (Life on board) | 21 Course (Course of the ship during the...) | 22 Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) | 23 Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...) | 24 Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) | 25 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...) | 26 Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure) | 27 Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) | 28 Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) | 29 ww (Weather description) | 30 Precip descr | 31 State sea descr | 32 Cloud type | 33 Clearness | 34 Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) | 35 Rain (1 If rain was reported) | 36 Fog (1 If fog was reported) | 37 Snow (1 If snow was reported) | 38 Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) | 39 Hail (1 If hail was reported) | 40 Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) | 41 ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1846-09-21T17:00 | 40.23 | -73.59 | 199 | 4.6 | 1025.3 | 21.7 | VM | 8 | ZOTO | 6.00 | SEINEN VERSCHILLENDE MALEN | -4 | 71.00 | 769.00 | ZZW | BRAMZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | LICHT BEWOLKTE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 792 | ||||||||||||||
| 1846-09-22T17:00 | 39.47 | -70.17 | 37 | 4.6 | 1026.7 | 20.0 | VM | 8 | SEINEN EN VLAGGEN | OZO 1/2 O | 41.00 | -8 | 68.00 | 770.00 | N-NO | BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 793 | |||||||||||||||
| 1846-09-23T17:00 | 39.43 | -67.82 | 48 | 1.0 | 1029.3 | 19.4 | VM | 8 | SEINEN EN VLAGGEN | O 1/2 Z | 28.25 | -8 | 67.00 | 772.00 | NNO-NOTO | FLAUWE KOELTE | LICHT BEWOLKTE LUCHT | HELDERE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 794 | ||||||||||||||
| 1846-09-24T16:00 | 39.58 | -66.68 | 236 | 2.6 | 1032.0 | 23.9 | VM | 8 | SEINEN EN TELEGRAFEREN MET DE ANDERE SCHEPEN | O 7/8 N | 13.25 | -12 | 75.00 | 774.00 | ZW-WZW | FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | HELDERE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 795 | |||||||||||||||
| 1846-09-25T16:00 | 40.23 | -64.42 | 258 | 1.0 | 1029.3 | 26.7 | VM | 8 | O 3/4 N | 26.25 | -12 | 80.00 | 772.00 | NTO-W | FLAUW EN BRAMZEILSKOELTE | BETROKKEN LUCHT DAARNA OPKLARENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 796 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1846-09-26T16:00 | 41.28 | -60.00 | 165 | 6.7 | VM | 8 | ONO 1/2 O | 52.00 | -15 | Z | ONGESTADIGE MARSZEILSKOELTE EN GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 797 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 1846-09-27T16:00 | 41.61 | -55.55 | 230 | 9.3 | 1025.3 | 23.9 | VM | 8 | SEINEN EN TELEGRAFEREN MET DE JASON EN DE ECHO | O 1/2 N | 50.50 | -18 | 75.00 | 769.00 | Z-WZW | ONGESTADIGE GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE | VEEL REGEN | DIKKE OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 798 | ||||||||||||||
| 1846-09-28T15:00 | 41.54 | -51.17 | 159 | 6.7 | 1017.3 | 19.7 | VM | 8 | O 1/8 Z | 49.00 | -21 | 67.50 | 763.00 | Z | ONGESTADIGE MARSZEILSKOELTE | MISTIGE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 799 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1846-09-29T15:00 | 41.96 | -46.82 | 292 | 15.4 | 1014.7 | 20.6 | VM | 8 | O 7/8 N | 49.00 | -23 | 69.00 | 761.00 | NNW-NW | ONGESTADIGE DICHT GEREEFDE EN GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE | REGEN | MOEILIJKE ZEE | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 800 | ||||||||||||||
| 1846-09-30T15:00 | 44.42 | -43.55 | 287 | 4.6 | 1024.0 | 17.2 | VM | 8 | HOUDEN VERKOPING VAN DE GOEDEREN VAN DE 4 GEDESERTEERDE MATROZEN (MADSEN, PETTERSON, J. DE VOOGD EN SCHULLZ | NO 1/8 N | 51.00 | -28 | 63.00 | 768.00 | NNW-NW | BRAMZEILSKOELTE | HELDERE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 801 | |||||||||||||||
| 1846-10-01T15:00 | 45.45 | -40.62 | 197 | 6.7 | 1025.3 | 20.0 | VM | 8 | OTN | 35.00 | -28 | 68.00 | 769.00 | ZW | STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | HELDERE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 802 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1846-10-02T15:00 | 45.77 | -38.03 | 197 | 2.6 | 1025.3 | 20.6 | VM | 8 | O 3/4 N | 29.00 | -28 | 69.00 | 769.00 | ZW | FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | HELDERE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 803 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1846-10-03T14:00 | 46.32 | -33.77 | 286 | 15.4 | 1018.7 | 15.0 | VM | 8 | O 1/2 N | 44.00 | -29 | 59.00 | 764.00 | NW | ONGESTADIGE DICHT GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE | HOGE ZEE | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 804 | |||||||||||||||
| 1846-10-04T14:00 | 46.57 | -30.68 | 220 | 1.0 | 1021.3 | 17.2 | VM | 8 | O | 32.00 | -28 | 63.00 | 766.00 | WNW-WZW | FLAUWE EN BRAMZEILSKOELTE | BEWOLKTE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 805 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1846-10-05T14:00 | 47.32 | -25.55 | 310 | 15.4 | 1001.3 | 18.9 | LEZARD (GIS) | OTN | 209 | VM | 8 | O | 51.50 | -28 | 66.00 | 751.00 | ZW-NNW | ONGESTADIGE DICHTGEREEFDE EN GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE | HOGE TOT ZEER HOGE ZEE | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 806 | ||||||||||||
| 1846-10-06T13:00 | 47.62 | -20.60 | 240 | 15.4 | 1001.3 | 15.6 | VM | 8 | KOKSMAAT IN DE BOEIEN VOOR HET OVERBOORD GOOIEN VH MIDDAGETEN | O 1/2 N | 48.50 | -30 | 60.00 | 751.00 | W | DICHTGEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE | ZEER HOGE ZEE | BUIJIGE LUCHT EN OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 807 | ||||||||||||||
| 1846-10-07T13:00 | 46.82 | -20.17 | 266 | 6.7 | 1016.0 | 15.0 | LEZARD (GIS) | OTN | 160 | VM | 8 | ZZO | 12.00 | -27 | 59.00 | 762.00 | WNW | ONGESTADIGE MARSZEILSKOELTE | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 808 | |||||||||||||
| 1846-10-08T13:00 | 46.89 | -16.39 | 154 | 6.7 | 1013.3 | 16.1 | VM | 8 | -26 | 61.00 | 760.00 | Z | ONGESTADIGE MARSZEILSKOELTE | REGEN | DIKKE LUCHT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 809 | |||||||||||||||||
| 1846-10-09T13:00 | 48.53 | -11.28 | 198 | 15.4 | 996.0 | 19.4 | LEZARD (GIS) | ONO 1/4 O | 63 | SORLINGS (GIS) | ONO | 52 | HEYSAND (GIS) | O W/Z Z | 60 | VM | 8 | OTN | 52.25 | -27 | 67.00 | 747.00 | ZW | DICHT GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 810 | |||||||
| 1846-10-10T12:00 | 49.00 | -6.55 | 234 | 6.7 | 1013.3 | 16.7 | LEZARD VUREN | NO | VM | 8 | OTN | 50.00 | LODEN MET 60 VAAM ZAND MET GEBROKEN SCHELPJES | -25 | 62.00 | 760.00 | WTZ | MARSZEILSKOELTE | MOOI WEER | AFNEMENDE ZEE | OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 811 | |||||||||||
| 1846-10-11T12:00 | 50.11 | -2.73 | 200 | 9.3 | 1009.3 | 17.2 | STARTPOINT | N | 2 | LATHERNAS ? POINT (GIS) | NOTO 1/2 O | 15 | 1 | VM | 8 | O 1/2 W | 8.50 | LODEN 33 VAAM. PEILING KOMT OP NB 50° 6 7 EN WL 3° 37. KOERS EN VERHEID SEDERT DE PEILING. EW: ZIEN MEEUWESTEEN NOTN. PV: ZIEN VUREN VAN ST. CATHERINES POINT NO 1/2 N | -25 | 63.00 | 757.00 | ZTO-ZW | GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE | REGEN | DIKKE BUIJIGE LUCHT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 812 | |||||||
| 1846-10-12T12:00 | 50.80 | 0.88 | 202 | 2.6 | HOGE LAND VAN HASTINGS | NW 1/2 W | DUNGENESS | NO 1/2 N | DE SINGELS | WTN | 2 | 1 | VM | 8 | LOODS HENDRIK VAN EIJK AAN BOORD. ZIEN DE FRANSE KUST | -23 | ZW | ONGESTADIGE KOELTE | REGEN | BUIJIGE LUCHT OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 813 | ||||||||||||
| 1846-10-13T00:00 | 315 | 4.6 | 1012.0 | 16.1 | VUURTOREN VAN WEST KAPELLE | WEST KAPELLE | OZO | 3 | 1 | 61.00 | 759.00 | NNO-NW | ONGESTADIGE BRAMZEILSKOELTE | REGEN | SPOEDIG AANSCHIETENDE ZEE | BUIJIGE LUCHT | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 814 | ||||||||||||||||
| 1846-10-14T12:00 | 51.81 | 4.08 | 205 | 9.3 | 996.0 | 16.1 | 1 | VM | 8 | -20 | 61.00 | 747.00 | STIL-ZW | STIL-GEREEFDE EN DICHTGEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE | BETROKKEN LUCHT BUIJIGE LUCHT | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 815 |