/* DATA DESCRIPTION: Citation: García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2010): Meteorological observations during ADDER cruise from New York to the Netherlands started at 1846-09-21. Nationaal Archief of the Netherlands, Den Haag, Netherland, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.747161, In: Jones, Philip D; Wheeler, Dennis A; Können, Gunther P; Koek, Frits B; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; García-Herrera, Ricardo (2007): Climatological observations from ship logbooks between 1750 and 1854 (release 2.1). PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.611088 Related to: García-Herrera, Ricardo; Können, Gunther P; Wheeler, Dennis A; Prieto, Maria del Rosario; Jones, Philip D; Koek, Frits B (2005): CLIWOC: A Climatological Database for the World's Oceans 1750–1854 (and 10 more publications about CLIWOC results in the same volume). Climatic Change, 73(1-2), 1-12ff, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-005-6952-6 Project(s): Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (CLIWOC) (URI: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLIWOC) Funding: Fifth Framework Programme (FP5), grant/award no. EVK2-CT-2000-00090: Climatological Database for the Worlds Oceans: 1750-1854 (URI: https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/EVK2-CT-2000-00090) Coverage: MEDIAN LATITUDE: 44.902609 * MEDIAN LONGITUDE: -36.573043 * SOUTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 39.430000 * WEST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -73.590000 * NORTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 51.810000 * EAST-BOUND LONGITUDE: 4.080000 DATE/TIME START: 1846-09-21T17:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1846-10-14T12:00:00 Event(s): Adder_18460921_MAR_D23905_20 * LATITUDE START: 40.670000 * LONGITUDE START: -74.040000 * LATITUDE END: 49.000000 * LONGITUDE END: -6.320000 * DATE/TIME START: 1846-09-21T00:00:00 * DATE/TIME END: 1846-10-14T00:00:00 * CAMPAIGN: Cliwoc_cruise * METHOD/DEVICE: Underway cruise track measurements (CT) * COMMENT: Ship: Adder (Schoener), Voyage: New York - The Netherlands, 1st Observer: Volmer Knollaert (Ltz), Company: MAR Parameter(s): DATE/TIME (Date/Time) * GEOCODE LATITUDE (Latitude) * GEOCODE LONGITUDE (Longitude) * GEOCODE Wind direction [deg] (dd) * COMMENT: Wind direction (from which the wind is blowing) in whole degrees from: 1-360; 361 = calm, 362 = variable. It is not clear from many logbook entries whether the wind direction has been corrected for the magnetic variation (or declination). To avoid any misunderstanding, all winds from reports that included a valid position in the period 1750-1854 were corrected. All other wind directions are given without being corrected. Wind speed [m/s] (ff) * COMMENT: calculated from the descriptive terms of wind force given in the observations Pressure, atmospheric [hPa] (PPPP) * COMMENT: No temperature correction was applied. The following factors have been used for the conversion to hPa: 2.54 cm in an inch; 13.596 specific gravity of mercury; 980.65 cm/s gravity at 45° latitude Temperature, air [°C] (TTT) Landmark (Landmark) * COMMENT: Name of first landmark Bearing (Bearing) * COMMENT: Bearing of the first landmark Distance to landmark [arbitrary units] (Distance) * COMMENT: Distance to the first landmark Landmark (Landmark) * COMMENT: Name of second landmark Bearing (Bearing) * COMMENT: Bearing of the second landmark Distance to landmark [arbitrary units] (Distance) * COMMENT: Distance to the second landmark Landmark (Landmark) * COMMENT: Name of third landmark Bearing (Bearing) * COMMENT: Bearing of the third landmark Distance to landmark [arbitrary units] (Distance) * COMMENT: Distance to the third landmark - (-) * COMMENT: 1 If position is considered to be coastal (in port or near coastal disturbances) Watch (Watch) * COMMENT: Name of the period of 4 hours which is known as a watch or duty on board ships Glasses (Glasses) * COMMENT: Number of glasses within a watch; one watch equals 8 glasses Comment (Comment) * COMMENT: Life on board Course (Course) * COMMENT: Course of the ship during the past 24 hours Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance) * COMMENT: Distance travelled during the previous 24 hours Comment (Comment) * COMMENT: Other remarks, that were not possible to put in the other remark fields Declination [deg] (Decl) * COMMENT: It is generally accepted by the CLIWOC team that the wind directions, reported by the ships officers, were relative to the magnetic North direction. Navigators were well aware of the difference between the true and magnetic north direction, but the compasses (we assumed that the bearing-compasses were mostly used for determining the wind direction) were not always adjusted. Therefore the wind direction has to be corrected. The magnetic declination (or variation, as it is known on board ships) is given for the whole CLIWOC period (1750-1850) for every 5x5 degree square. The number was added to the wind direction to get the true wind direction. Sensor reading [arbitrary units] (Reading) * COMMENT: Reading of the (outside) air thermometer Sensor reading [arbitrary units] (Reading) * COMMENT: Reading of the air pressure Wind direction description (Wind dir descr) * COMMENT: All reported wind directions on this day. The wind direction is the direction that points to where the wind comes from. Wind force description (Wind force descr) * COMMENT: All reported wind forces on this day Present weather (ww) * COMMENT: Weather description Precipitation description (Precip descr) State of the sea description (State sea descr) Cloud type (Cloud type) Clearness (Clearness) Gusts (Gusts) * COMMENT: 1 If wind gusts are reported Precipitation/Rain (Rain) * COMMENT: 1 If rain was reported Fog (Fog) * COMMENT: 1 If fog was reported Snow type (Snow) * COMMENT: 1 If snow was reported Thunder (Thunder) * COMMENT: 1 If thunder and or lightning was reported Hail (Hail) * COMMENT: 1 If hail was reported Sea ice (Sea ice) * COMMENT: 1 If sea-ice or icebergs were reported Identification (ID) * COMMENT: CLIWOC 2.1 line number License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0) (URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) Size: 572 data points */ Date/Time Latitude Longitude dd [deg] (Wind direction (from which th...) ff [m/s] (calculated from the descripti...) PPPP [hPa] (No temperature correction was...) TTT [°C] Landmark (Name of first landmark) Bearing (Bearing of the first landmark) Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the first landmark) Landmark (Name of second landmark) Bearing (Bearing of the second landmark) Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the second landmark) Landmark (Name of third landmark) Bearing (Bearing of the third landmark) Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance to the third landmark) - (1 If position is considered t...) Watch (Name of the period of 4 hours...) Glasses (Number of glasses within a wa...) Comment (Life on board) Course (Course of the ship during the...) Distance [arbitrary units] (Distance travelled during the...) Comment (Other remarks, that were not ...) Decl [deg] (It is generally accepted by t...) Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the (outside) air ...) Reading [arbitrary units] (Reading of the air pressure) Wind dir descr (All reported wind directions ...) Wind force descr (All reported wind forces on t...) ww (Weather description) Precip descr State sea descr Cloud type Clearness Gusts (1 If wind gusts are reported) Rain (1 If rain was reported) Fog (1 If fog was reported) Snow (1 If snow was reported) Thunder (1 If thunder and or lightning...) Hail (1 If hail was reported) Sea ice (1 If sea-ice or icebergs were...) ID (CLIWOC 2.1 line number) 1846-09-21T17:00 40.23 -73.59 199 4.6 1025.3 21.7 VM 8 ZOTO 6.00 SEINEN VERSCHILLENDE MALEN -4 71.00 769.00 ZZW BRAMZEILSKOELTE MOOI WEER LICHT BEWOLKTE LUCHT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 792 1846-09-22T17:00 39.47 -70.17 37 4.6 1026.7 20.0 VM 8 SEINEN EN VLAGGEN OZO 1/2 O 41.00 -8 68.00 770.00 N-NO BRAMZEILSKOELTE EN STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 793 1846-09-23T17:00 39.43 -67.82 48 1.0 1029.3 19.4 VM 8 SEINEN EN VLAGGEN O 1/2 Z 28.25 -8 67.00 772.00 NNO-NOTO FLAUWE KOELTE LICHT BEWOLKTE LUCHT HELDERE LUCHT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 794 1846-09-24T16:00 39.58 -66.68 236 2.6 1032.0 23.9 VM 8 SEINEN EN TELEGRAFEREN MET DE ANDERE SCHEPEN O 7/8 N 13.25 -12 75.00 774.00 ZW-WZW FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE HELDERE LUCHT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 795 1846-09-25T16:00 40.23 -64.42 258 1.0 1029.3 26.7 VM 8 O 3/4 N 26.25 -12 80.00 772.00 NTO-W FLAUW EN BRAMZEILSKOELTE BETROKKEN LUCHT DAARNA OPKLARENDE LUCHT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 796 1846-09-26T16:00 41.28 -60.00 165 6.7 VM 8 ONO 1/2 O 52.00 -15 Z ONGESTADIGE MARSZEILSKOELTE EN GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 797 1846-09-27T16:00 41.61 -55.55 230 9.3 1025.3 23.9 VM 8 SEINEN EN TELEGRAFEREN MET DE JASON EN DE ECHO O 1/2 N 50.50 -18 75.00 769.00 Z-WZW ONGESTADIGE GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE VEEL REGEN DIKKE OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 798 1846-09-28T15:00 41.54 -51.17 159 6.7 1017.3 19.7 VM 8 O 1/8 Z 49.00 -21 67.50 763.00 Z ONGESTADIGE MARSZEILSKOELTE MISTIGE LUCHT 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 799 1846-09-29T15:00 41.96 -46.82 292 15.4 1014.7 20.6 VM 8 O 7/8 N 49.00 -23 69.00 761.00 NNW-NW ONGESTADIGE DICHT GEREEFDE EN GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE REGEN MOEILIJKE ZEE BEWOLKTE LUCHT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 800 1846-09-30T15:00 44.42 -43.55 287 4.6 1024.0 17.2 VM 8 HOUDEN VERKOPING VAN DE GOEDEREN VAN DE 4 GEDESERTEERDE MATROZEN (MADSEN, PETTERSON, J. DE VOOGD EN SCHULLZ NO 1/8 N 51.00 -28 63.00 768.00 NNW-NW BRAMZEILSKOELTE HELDERE LUCHT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 801 1846-10-01T15:00 45.45 -40.62 197 6.7 1025.3 20.0 VM 8 OTN 35.00 -28 68.00 769.00 ZW STIJVE BRAMZEILSKOELTE HELDERE LUCHT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 802 1846-10-02T15:00 45.77 -38.03 197 2.6 1025.3 20.6 VM 8 O 3/4 N 29.00 -28 69.00 769.00 ZW FLAUWE BRAMZEILSKOELTE HELDERE LUCHT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 803 1846-10-03T14:00 46.32 -33.77 286 15.4 1018.7 15.0 VM 8 O 1/2 N 44.00 -29 59.00 764.00 NW ONGESTADIGE DICHT GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE HOGE ZEE OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 804 1846-10-04T14:00 46.57 -30.68 220 1.0 1021.3 17.2 VM 8 O 32.00 -28 63.00 766.00 WNW-WZW FLAUWE EN BRAMZEILSKOELTE BEWOLKTE LUCHT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 805 1846-10-05T14:00 47.32 -25.55 310 15.4 1001.3 18.9 LEZARD (GIS) OTN 209 VM 8 O 51.50 -28 66.00 751.00 ZW-NNW ONGESTADIGE DICHTGEREEFDE EN GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE HOGE TOT ZEER HOGE ZEE OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 806 1846-10-06T13:00 47.62 -20.60 240 15.4 1001.3 15.6 VM 8 KOKSMAAT IN DE BOEIEN VOOR HET OVERBOORD GOOIEN VH MIDDAGETEN O 1/2 N 48.50 -30 60.00 751.00 W DICHTGEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE ZEER HOGE ZEE BUIJIGE LUCHT EN OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 807 1846-10-07T13:00 46.82 -20.17 266 6.7 1016.0 15.0 LEZARD (GIS) OTN 160 VM 8 ZZO 12.00 -27 59.00 762.00 WNW ONGESTADIGE MARSZEILSKOELTE OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 808 1846-10-08T13:00 46.89 -16.39 154 6.7 1013.3 16.1 VM 8 -26 61.00 760.00 Z ONGESTADIGE MARSZEILSKOELTE REGEN DIKKE LUCHT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 809 1846-10-09T13:00 48.53 -11.28 198 15.4 996.0 19.4 LEZARD (GIS) ONO 1/4 O 63 SORLINGS (GIS) ONO 52 HEYSAND (GIS) O W/Z Z 60 VM 8 OTN 52.25 -27 67.00 747.00 ZW DICHT GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 810 1846-10-10T12:00 49.00 -6.55 234 6.7 1013.3 16.7 LEZARD VUREN NO VM 8 OTN 50.00 LODEN MET 60 VAAM ZAND MET GEBROKEN SCHELPJES -25 62.00 760.00 WTZ MARSZEILSKOELTE MOOI WEER AFNEMENDE ZEE OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 811 1846-10-11T12:00 50.11 -2.73 200 9.3 1009.3 17.2 STARTPOINT N 2 LATHERNAS ? POINT (GIS) NOTO 1/2 O 15 1 VM 8 O 1/2 W 8.50 LODEN 33 VAAM. PEILING KOMT OP NB 50° 6 7 EN WL 3° 37. KOERS EN VERHEID SEDERT DE PEILING. EW: ZIEN MEEUWESTEEN NOTN. PV: ZIEN VUREN VAN ST. CATHERINES POINT NO 1/2 N -25 63.00 757.00 ZTO-ZW GEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE REGEN DIKKE BUIJIGE LUCHT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 812 1846-10-12T12:00 50.80 0.88 202 2.6 HOGE LAND VAN HASTINGS NW 1/2 W DUNGENESS NO 1/2 N DE SINGELS WTN 2 1 VM 8 LOODS HENDRIK VAN EIJK AAN BOORD. ZIEN DE FRANSE KUST -23 ZW ONGESTADIGE KOELTE REGEN BUIJIGE LUCHT OVERDRIJVENDE LUCHT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 813 1846-10-13T00:00 315 4.6 1012.0 16.1 VUURTOREN VAN WEST KAPELLE WEST KAPELLE OZO 3 1 61.00 759.00 NNO-NW ONGESTADIGE BRAMZEILSKOELTE REGEN SPOEDIG AANSCHIETENDE ZEE BUIJIGE LUCHT 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 814 1846-10-14T12:00 51.81 4.08 205 9.3 996.0 16.1 1 VM 8 -20 61.00 747.00 STIL-ZW STIL-GEREEFDE EN DICHTGEREEFDE MARSZEILSKOELTE BETROKKEN LUCHT BUIJIGE LUCHT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 815