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Melles, Martin (1991): Sedimentology at the continental margin of the southern Weddell Sea [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.729620, Supplement to: Melles, M (1991): Paläoglaziologie und Paläozeanographie im Spätquartär am Kontinentalrand des südlichen Weddellmeeres, Antarktis (Late Quaternary paleoglaciology and paleoceanography at the continental margin of the southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica). Berichte zur Polarforschung = Reports on Polar Research, 81, 190 pp, https://doi.org/10.2312/BzP_0081_1991

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Published: 1991 (exact date unknown) • DOI registered: 2009-12-24

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Abstract:
During four expeditions with RV "Polarstern" at the continental margin of the southern Weddell Sea, profiling and geological sampling were carried out. A detailed bathymetric map was constructed from echo-sounding data. Sub-bottom profiles, classified into nine echotypes, have been mapped and interpreted. Sedimentological analyses were carried out on 32 undisturbed box grab surface samples, as well as on sediment cores from 9 sites. Apart from the description of the sediments and the investigation of sedimentary structures on X-radiographs the following characteristics were determined: grain-size distributions; carbonate and Corg content; component distibutions in different grain-size fractions; stable oxygen and carbon isotopes in planktic and, partly, in benthic foraminifers; and physical properties. The stratigraphy is based On 14C-dating, oxygen isotope Stages and, at one site, On paleomagnetic measurements and 230Th-analyses The sediments represent the period of deposition from the last glacial maximum until recent time. They are composed predominantly of terrigenous components. The formation of the sediments was controlled by glaciological, hydrographical and gravitational processes. Variations in the sea-ice coverage influenced biogenic production. The ice sheet and icebergs were important media for sediment transport; their grounding caused compaction and erosion of glacial marine sediments on the outer continental shelf. The circulation and the physical and chemical properties of the water masses controlled the transport of fine-grained material, biogenic production and its preservation. Gravitational transport processes were the inain mode of sediment movements on the continental slope.
The continental ice sheet advanced to the shelf edge and grounded On the sea-floor, presumably later than 31,000 y.B.P. This ice movement was linked with erosion of shelf sediments and a very high sediment supply to the upper continental slope from the adiacent southern shelf. The erosional surface On the shelf is documented in the sub-bottom profiles as a regular, acoustically hard reflector. Dense sea-ice coverage above the lower and middle continental slope resulted in the almost total breakdown of biogenic production. Immediately in front of the ice sheet, above the upper continental slope, a <50 km broad coastal polynya existed at least periodically. Biogenic production was much higher in this polynya than elsewhere. Intense sea-ice formation in the polynya probably led to the development of a high salinity and, consequently, dense water mass, which flowed as a stream near bottom across the continental slope into the deep sea, possibly contributing to bottom water formation. The current velocities of this water mass presumably had seasonal variations. The near-bottom flow of the dense water mass, in combination with the gravity transport processes that arose from the high rates of sediment accumulation, probably led to erosion that progressed laterally from east to West along a SW to NE-trending, 200 to 400 m high morphological step at the continental slope.
During the period 14,000 to 13,000 y.B.P., during the postglacial temperature and sea-level rise, intense changes in the environmental conditions occured. Primarily, the ice masses on the outer continental shelf started to float. Intense calving processes resulted in a rapid retreat of the ice edge to the south. A consequence of this retreat was, that the source area of the ice-rafted debris changed from the adjacent southern shelf to the eastern Weddell Sea. As the ice retreated, the gravitational transport processes On the continental slope ceased. Soon after the beginning of the ice retreat, the sea-ice coverage in the whole research area decreased. Simultaneously, the formation of the high salinity dense bottom water ceased, and the sediment composition at the continental slope then became influenced by the water masses of the Weddell Gyre.
The formation of very cold Ice Shelf Water (ISW) started beneath the southward retreating Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf somewhat later than 12,000 y.B.P. The ISW streamed primarily with lower velocities than those of today across the continental slope, and was conducted along the erosional step on the slope into the deep sea. At 7,500 y.B.P., the grounding line of the ice masses had retreated > 400 km to the south. A progressive retreat by additional 200 to 300 km probably led to the development of an Open water column beneath the ice south of Berkner Island at about 4,000 y.B.P. This in turn may have led to an additional ISW, which had formed beneath the Ronne Ice Shelf, to flow towards the Filcher Ice Shelf. As a result, increased flow of ISW took place over the continental margin, possibly enabling the ISW to spill over the erosional step On the upper continental slope towards the West. Since that time, there is no longer any documentation of the ISW in the sedimentary Parameters on the lower continental slope. There, recent sediments reflect the lower water masses of the Weddell Gyre. The sea-ice coverage in early Holocene time was again so dense that biogenic production was significantly restricted.
Related to:
Melles, Martin; Kuhn, Gerhard; Fütterer, Dieter K; Meischner, Dieter (1995): Processes of modern sedimentation in the Southern Weddell Sea, Antarctica - evidence from surface sediments. Polarforschung, 64(2), 45-74, hdl:10013/epic.29727.d001
Project(s):
Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions from Marine Sediments @ AWI (AWI_Paleo)
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -76.175294 * Median Longitude: -37.043437 * South-bound Latitude: -77.737290 * West-bound Longitude: -61.321667 * North-bound Latitude: -65.050000 * East-bound Longitude: -5.616660
Date/Time Start: 1983-02-13T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1988-02-03T17:39:00
Event(s):
PS1010-1 (PS01/154) * Latitude: -77.241700 * Longitude: -34.540000 * Date/Time: 1983-02-13T00:00:00 * Elevation: -476.0 m * Penetration: 0.26 m * Recovery: 0.23 m * Location: Filchner Trough * Campaign: ANT-I/2 (PS01) * Basis: Polarstern * Method/Device: Giant box corer (GKG)
PS1011-1 (PS01/155) * Latitude: -77.283000 * Longitude: -35.395000 * Date/Time: 1983-02-13T00:00:00 * Elevation: -721.0 m * Penetration: 0.34 m * Recovery: 0.33 m * Location: Filchner Trough * Campaign: ANT-I/2 (PS01) * Basis: Polarstern * Method/Device: Giant box corer (GKG)
PS1012-1 (PS01/156) * Latitude: -77.304500 * Longitude: -35.814500 * Date/Time: 1983-02-13T00:00:00 * Elevation: -1021.0 m * Penetration: 0.5 m * Recovery: 0.43 m * Location: Filchner Trough * Campaign: ANT-I/2 (PS01) * Basis: Polarstern * Method/Device: Giant box corer (GKG)
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)
Size:
209 datasets

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Datasets listed in this publication series

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  1. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components in the sand fraction of sediment core PS1278-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.623664
  2. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components of sediment core PS1278-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.624066
  3. Melles, M (1991): Grain size distribution of sediment core PS1278-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.626377
  4. Melles, M (1991): Grain size fraction analysis of sediment core PS1278-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.626407
  5. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components of sediment core PS1279-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.622952
  6. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components in the sand fraction of sediment core PS1279-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.623665
  7. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components of sediment core PS1279-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.624067
  8. Melles, M (1991): Grain size distribution of sediment core PS1279-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.626378
  9. Melles, M (1991): Grain size fraction analysis of sediment core PS1279-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.621003
  10. Melles, M (1991): Grain size fraction analysis of sediment core PS1279-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.626408
  11. Melles, M (1991): Grain size distribution of sediment core PS1400-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.626379
  12. Melles, M (1991): Mineral composition of clay fraction of sediment core PS1400-1 (Table 17). https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.633550
  13. Melles, M (1991): Grain size fraction analysis of sediment core PS1400-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.626409
  14. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components of sediment core PS1400-4. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.622953
  15. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components in the sand fraction of sediment core PS1400-4. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.623666
  16. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components of sediment core PS1400-4. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.624068
  17. Melles, M (1991): Grain size distribution of sediment core PS1401-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.626380
  18. Melles, M (1991): Grain size fraction analysis of sediment core PS1401-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.626410
  19. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components of sediment core PS1401-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.622954
  20. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components in the sand fraction of sediment core PS1401-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.623667
  21. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components of sediment core PS1401-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.624069
  22. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components of sediment core PS1402-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.622955
  23. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components in the sand fraction of sediment core PS1402-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.623668
  24. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components of sediment core PS1402-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.624070
  25. Melles, M (1991): Grain size distribution of sediment core PS1402-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.626381
  26. Melles, M (1991): Grain size fraction analysis of sediment core PS1402-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.626411
  27. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components of sediment core PS1403-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.622956
  28. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components in the sand fraction of sediment core PS1403-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.623669
  29. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components of sediment core PS1403-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.624071
  30. Melles, M (1991): Grain size distribution of sediment core PS1403-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.626382
  31. Melles, M (1991): Grain size fraction analysis of sediment core PS1403-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.626412
  32. Melles, M (1991): Bulk parameter of sediment core PS1420-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96526
  33. Melles, M (1991): Clay mineralogy of sediment core PS1420-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.633607
  34. Melles, M (1991): Gravel and susceptibility raw data in sediment core PS1420-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96698
  35. Melles, M (1991): Sedimentology of core PS1420-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96517
  36. Melles, M (1991): Bulk parameter of sediment core PS1420-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96689
  37. Melles, M (1991): Clay mineralogy of sediment core PS1420-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.633608
  38. Melles, M (1991): Sedimentology of core PS1420-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.51646
  39. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components of sediment core PS1422-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.622957
  40. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components in the sand fraction of sediment core PS1422-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.623670
  41. Melles, M (1991): Analyses of the recent components of sediment core PS1422-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.624072
  42. Melles, M (1991): Grain size distribution of sediment core PS1422-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.626383
  43. Melles, M (1991): Grain size fraction analysis of sediment core PS1422-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.626413
  44. Melles, M (1991): Sedimentology of core PS1422-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.51647
  45. Melles, M (1991): Bulk parameter of sediment core PS1494-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96690
  46. Melles, M (1991): Sedimentology of core PS1494-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.51666
  47. Melles, M (1991): Bulk parameter of sediment core PS1494-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96527
  48. Melles, M (1991): Clay mineralogy of sediment core PS1494-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.51667
  49. Melles, M (1991): Gravel and susceptibility raw data in sediment core PS1494-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96700
  50. Melles, M (1991): Sedimentology of core PS1494-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96518
  51. Melles, M (1991): Bulk parameter of sediment core PS1498-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96528
  52. Melles, M (1991): Clay mineralogy of sediment core PS1498-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.633609
  53. Melles, M (1991): Ice rafted debris (> 2 mm gravel) distribution in sediment core PS1498-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96514
  54. Melles, M (1991): Sedimentology of core PS1498-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96519
  55. Melles, M (1991): Bulk parameter of sediment core PS1498-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96691
  56. Melles, M (1991): Clay mineralogy of sediment core PS1498-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.633610
  57. Melles, M (1991): Radionuclides measured on sediment core PS1498-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.53218
  58. Melles, M (1991): Sedimentology of core PS1498-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.51668
  59. Melles, M (1991): Shearing area of sediment core PS1498-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.54351
  60. Melles, M (1991): Water content of sediment core PS1498-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.51805
  61. Melles, M (1991): Bulk parameter of sediment core PS1606-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96529
  62. Melles, M (1991): Clay mineralogy of sediment core PS1606-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.633611
  63. Melles, M (1991): Ice rafted debris (> 2 mm gravel) distribution in sediment core PS1606-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96515
  64. Melles, M (1991): Sedimentology of core PS1606-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96520
  65. Melles, M (1991): Bulk parameter of sediment core PS1606-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96692
  66. Melles, M (1991): Clay mineralogy of sediment core PS1606-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.633612
  67. Melles, M (1991): Sedimentology of core PS1606-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.51682
  68. Melles, M (1991): Water content of sediment core PS1606-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.51806
  69. Melles, M (1991): Bulk parameter of sediment core PS1607-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96530
  70. Melles, M (1991): Clay mineralogy of sediment core PS1607-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.633613
  71. Melles, M (1991): Gravel and susceptibility raw data in sediment core PS1607-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96701
  72. Melles, M (1991): Sedimentology of core PS1607-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96521
  73. Melles, M (1991): Bulk parameter of sediment core PS1607-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96693
  74. Melles, M (1991): Clay mineralogy of sediment core PS1607-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.633614
  75. Melles, M (1991): Sedimentology of core PS1607-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.51683
  76. Melles, M (1991): Water content of sediment core PS1607-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.51807
  77. Melles, M (1991): Bulk parameter of sediment core PS1609-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96531
  78. Melles, M (1991): Clay mineralogy of sediment core PS1609-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.633615
  79. Melles, M (1991): Ice rafted debris (> 2 mm gravel) distribution in sediment core PS1609-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96516
  80. Melles, M (1991): Sedimentology of core PS1609-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96522
  81. Melles, M (1991): Bulk parameter of sediment core PS1609-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96694
  82. Melles, M (1991): Clay mineralogy of sediment core PS1609-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.633616
  83. Melles, M (1991): Sedimentology of core PS1609-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.51684
  84. Melles, M (1991): Water content of sediment core PS1609-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.104478
  85. Melles, M (1991): Bulk parameter of sediment core PS1611-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96532
  86. Melles, M (1991): Clay mineralogy of sediment core PS1611-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.633617
  87. Melles, M (1991): Gravel and susceptibility raw data in sediment core PS1611-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96702
  88. Melles, M (1991): Sedimentology of core PS1611-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96523
  89. Melles, M (1991): Bulk parameter of sediment core PS1611-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96695
  90. Melles, M (1991): Clay mineralogy of sediment core PS1611-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.633618
  91. Melles, M (1991): Sedimentology of core PS1611-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.51685
  92. Melles, M (1991): Water content of sediment core PS1611-3. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.104479
  93. Melles, M (1991): Bulk parameter of sediment core PS1612-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96533
  94. Melles, M (1991): Sedimentology of core PS1612-1. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96524
  95. Melles, M (1991): Bulk parameter of sediment core PS1612-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96696
  96. Melles, M (1991): Sedimentology of core PS1612-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.51686
  97. Melles, M (1991): Water content of sediment core PS1612-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.51809
  98. Melles, M (1991): Clay mineralogy of sediment core PS1613-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.633619
  99. Melles, M (1991): Gravel and susceptibility raw data in sediment core PS1613-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96703
  100. Melles, M (1991): Sedimentology of core PS1613-2. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.96525

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