Unkelbach, Julia: Multi-proxy dataset (pollen, NPPs, micro- and macro-charcoal) of Site KS5 in Al-Khashbah, north-central Oman [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.997171 (dataset in review)
Abstract:
Multi-proxy data of five sites (KS3, KS5, KS52, KS54, KS55) were collected in order to investigate environmental changes and subsistence strategies during the Bronze Age (3200–1300 BC) in Al-Khashbah, north-central Oman. Five sediment profiles from anthropogenic contexts were analyzed using pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), micro- and macro-charcoal to reconstruct vegetation dynamics, assess climate variability, and evaluate human land-use practices. The pollen record suggests increased arboreal presence between 2500 and 1600 cal yr BC, possibly reflecting greater moisture availability, while elevated charcoal inputs suggest intensified anthropogenic activity. Declines in woody taxa and charcoal after 1900 cal yr BC are consistent with increasing aridity. The presence of Phoenix dactylifera, cereals, Pistacia, and Solanum is consistent with the implementation of small-scale cultivation from the early 3rd millennium BC. Sporadic dung fungi suggest limited palynological evidence for livestock. Overall, the evidence indicates Bronze Age communities may have combined small-scale cultivation, pastoralism, and controlled fire use to adapt to increasingly arid conditions.
Keyword(s):
Related to:
Beuzen-Waller, Tara; Pietsch, Dana; Proctor, Lucas; Schmidt, Conrad; Schmitt, Katharina E; Unkelbach, Julia (in press): Human–Environment Relationships in Central Oman during the Holocene. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
Unkelbach, Julia (submitted): Bronze Age subsistence strategies in north-central Oman: New palynological data from Al-Khashbah. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy.
Funding:
Coverage:
Latitude: 22.662603 * Longitude: 58.023483
Date/Time Start: 2022-03-05T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2022-03-05T00:00:00
Minimum Elevation: 384.0 m * Maximum Elevation: 384.0 m
Event(s):
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ALTITUDE | Altitude | m | Unkelbach, Julia | Geocode | |
| 2 | DEPTH, sediment/rock | Depth sed | m | Unkelbach, Julia | Geocode | |
| 3 | AGE | Age | ka BP | Unkelbach, Julia | Age, 14C AMS | Geocode – Poznan Radiocarbon Laboratory, Poland |
| 4 | Lycopodium tablets | Lyc.tabN | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Number of Lycopodium tablets | |
| 5 | Spores | Spo | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Number of Spores per Lycopodium tablet | |
| 6 | Lycopodium spores counted | Lyc.counted | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 7 | Sample volume | Samp vol | cm3 | Unkelbach, Julia | Mechanical sampling device | |
| 8 | Vachellia tortilis | V. tortilis | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Fabaceae |
| 9 | Ziziphus | Ziziphus | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Rhamnaceae |
| 10 | Pistacia | Pst | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Anacardiaceae |
| 11 | Phoenix dactylifera | P. dactylifera | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Arecaceae |
| 12 | Boswellia sacra | B. sacra | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Burseraceae |
| 13 | Ficus | Fic | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Moraceae |
| 14 | Tamarix | Tam | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Tamaricaceae |
| 15 | Sideroxylon mascatense | S. mascatense | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Sapotaceae |
| 16 | Maerua | Maerua | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Capparaceae |
| 17 | Zygophyllum | Zyg | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Zygophyllaceae |
| 18 | Ephedra | Eph | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Ephedraceae |
| 19 | Haloxylon-type | Haloxylon-T | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Amaranthaceae |
| 20 | Cornulaca-type | Cornulaca-T | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Amaranthaceae |
| 21 | Euphorbia larica | E. larica | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Euphorbiaceae |
| 22 | Blepharis ciliaris | B. ciliaris | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Acanthaceae |
| 23 | Solanum | Sol | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Solanaceae |
| 24 | Ruellia patula | R. patula | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Acanthaceae |
| 25 | Pulicarica-type | Pulicarica T | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Asteraceae |
| 26 | Artemisia | Art | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Asteraceae |
| 27 | Poaceae | Poac | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | small PG (<40 µm) |
| 28 | Poaceae | Poac | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | large PG (>40 µm) |
| 29 | Cyperaceae | Cypae | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 30 | Chenopodium-type | Che-T | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Amaranthaceae |
| 31 | Silene | Sil | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Caryophyllacae |
| 32 | Herniaria | Hrn | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Caryophyllaceae |
| 33 | Euploca | Euploca | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Boraginaceae |
| 34 | Ochradiscus | Ochradiscus | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Resedaceae |
| 35 | Brassicaceae undifferentiated | Bra.ud | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 36 | Galium | Gal | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Rubiaceae |
| 37 | Datura | Dar | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Solanaceae |
| 38 | Orobanche | Oro | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Orobanchaceae |
| 39 | Plantago | Pla | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Plantaginaceae |
| 40 | Ecbolium viride | E. viride | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Acanthaceae |
| 41 | Polycarpaea | Polycarpaea | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Caryophyllaceae |
| 42 | Urticaceae undifferentiated | Urt.ud | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 43 | Tribulus | Tus | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Zygophyllaceae |
| 44 | Aizoon | Aizoon | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Aizoaceae |
| 45 | Rumex | Rum | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Polygonaceae |
| 46 | Fabaceae undifferentiated | Fab.ud | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 47 | Typha | Typ | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Typhaceae |
| 48 | Pollen indeterminata | Pollen indet | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 49 | Glomus sp. | Glomus sp. | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 50 | Sporormiella sp. | Spo.sp | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-113 |
| 51 | Sordaria sp. | Sor.sp | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-55A |
| 52 | Sordaria-type | Sor-T | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-55B |
| 53 | Delitschia sp. | Delitschia sp. | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | small HdV-47 |
| 54 | Delitschia | Delitschia | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Delitschia spp, large |
| 55 | Arnium sp. | Arnium sp. | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-261 |
| 56 | Neurospora/Gelasinospora | Neurospora/Gelasinospora | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Neurospora/Gelasinospora sp., UY-110 |
| 57 | Thecaphora sp. | Thecaphora sp. | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-364 |
| 58 | Curvularia | Curvularia | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Curvularia sp., HdV-1029B |
| 59 | Palynomorpha, non-pollen | NPP | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-200 |
| 60 | Uredospore | Uredospore | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 61 | Fruiting body | Fruiting body | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 62 | Fungal spore indeterminata | Fun.s.indet | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 63 | Brachionus, eggs | Brachionus eggs | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 64 | Acari | Acari | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Part |
| 65 | Palynomorpha, non-pollen | NPP | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-182 |
| 66 | Microcharcoal | myChar | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | <125 µm |
| 67 | Microcharcoal | myChar | #/cm3 | Unkelbach, Julia | Calculated | |
| 68 | Sample volume | Samp vol | cm3 | Unkelbach, Julia | Mechanical sampling device | Sample quantity macro-charcoal |
| 69 | Macrocharcoal | MacChar | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Stereomicroscope, ZEISS [x12 magnification] | (>125 µm) sum |
| 70 | Macrocharcoal, wood-type | MacChar w-t | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Stereomicroscope, ZEISS [x12 magnification] | |
| 71 | Macrocharcoal, leaf-type | MacChar l-t | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Stereomicroscope, ZEISS [x12 magnification] | |
| 72 | Macrocharcoal, grass-type | MacChar g-t | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Stereomicroscope, ZEISS [x12 magnification] | |
| 73 | Macrocharcoal | MacChar | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Stereomicroscope, ZEISS [x12 magnification] | other types |
| 74 | Macrocharcoal | MacChar | #/cm3 | Unkelbach, Julia |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) (License comes into effect after moratorium ends)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
1136 data points