Unkelbach, Julia: Multi-proxy dataset (pollen, NPPs, micro- and macro-charcoal) of Site KS3 in Al-Khashbah, north-central Oman [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.997169 (dataset in review)
Abstract:
Multi-proxy data of five sites (KS3, KS5, KS52, KS54, KS55) were collected in order to investigate environmental changes and subsistence strategies during the Bronze Age (3200–1300 BC) in Al-Khashbah, north-central Oman. Five sediment profiles from anthropogenic contexts were analyzed using pollen, non-pollen palynomorphs (NPPs), micro- and macro-charcoal to reconstruct vegetation dynamics, assess climate variability, and evaluate human land-use practices. The pollen record suggests increased arboreal presence between 2500 and 1600 cal yr BC, possibly reflecting greater moisture availability, while elevated charcoal inputs suggest intensified anthropogenic activity. Declines in woody taxa and charcoal after 1900 cal yr BC are consistent with increasing aridity. The presence of Phoenix dactylifera, cereals, Pistacia, and Solanum is consistent with the implementation of small-scale cultivation from the early 3rd millennium BC. Sporadic dung fungi suggest limited palynological evidence for livestock. Overall, the evidence indicates Bronze Age communities may have combined small-scale cultivation, pastoralism, and controlled fire use to adapt to increasingly arid conditions.
Keyword(s):
Related to:
Beuzen-Waller, Tara; Pietsch, Dana; Proctor, Lucas; Schmidt, Conrad; Schmitt, Katharina E; Unkelbach, Julia (in press): Human–Environment Relationships in Central Oman during the Holocene. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd
Unkelbach, Julia (submitted): Bronze Age subsistence strategies in north-central Oman: New palynological data from Al-Khashbah. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy.
Funding:
Coverage:
Latitude: 22.663242 * Longitude: 58.022827
Date/Time Start: 2021-10-10T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2021-10-10T00:00:00
Minimum Elevation: 384.0 m * Maximum Elevation: 384.0 m
Event(s):
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ALTITUDE | Altitude | m | Unkelbach, Julia | Geocode | |
| 2 | DEPTH, sediment/rock | Depth sed | m | Unkelbach, Julia | Geocode | |
| 3 | AGE | Age | ka BP | Unkelbach, Julia | Age, 14C AMS | Geocode – Poznan Radiocarbon Laboratory, Poland |
| 4 | Lycopodium tablets | Lyc.tabN | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Number of Lycopodium tablets | |
| 5 | Spores | Spo | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Number of Spores per Lycopodium tablet | |
| 6 | Lycopodium spores counted | Lyc.counted | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 7 | Sample volume | Samp vol | cm3 | Unkelbach, Julia | Mechanical sampling device | |
| 8 | Vachellia tortilis | V. tortilis | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Fabaceae |
| 9 | Prosopis | Pro | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Fabaceae |
| 10 | Pistacia | Pst | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Anacardiaceae |
| 11 | Maerua | Maerua | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Capparaceae |
| 12 | Ficus | Fic | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Moraceae |
| 13 | Sideroxylon mascatense | S. mascatense | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Sapotaceae |
| 14 | Tamarix | Tam | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Tamaricaceae |
| 15 | Zygophyllum | Zyg | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Zygophyllaceae |
| 16 | Ephedra | Eph | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Ephedraceae |
| 17 | Haloxylon-type | Haloxylon-T | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Amaranthaceae |
| 18 | Cornulaca-type | Cornulaca-T | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Amaranthaceae |
| 19 | Euphorbia larica | E. larica | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Euphorbiaceae |
| 20 | Asparagus | Asp | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Liliaceae |
| 21 | Dodonaea viscosa | Dod.v | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Sapindaceae |
| 22 | Solanum | Sol | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Solanaceae |
| 23 | Pulicarica-type | Pulicarica T | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Asteraceae |
| 24 | Artemisia | Art | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Asteraceae |
| 25 | Poaceae | Poac | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | small (<40 µm) |
| 26 | Cyperaceae | Cypae | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 27 | Chenopodium-type | Che-T | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Amaranthaceae |
| 28 | Lappula | Lap | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Boraginaceae |
| 29 | Euploca | Euploca | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Boraginaceae |
| 30 | Brassicaceae undifferentiated | Bra.ud | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 31 | Sida | Sida | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Malvaceae |
| 32 | Cichorioideae-type | Cichorioideae T | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Asteraceae |
| 33 | Erodium | Ero | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Geraniaceae |
| 34 | Bacopa monnieri | B. monnieri | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Scrophulariaceae |
| 35 | Polycarpaea | Polycarpaea | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Caryophyllaceae |
| 36 | Ranunculus muricatus | R. muricatus | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Ranunculaceae |
| 37 | Urticaceae undifferentiated | Urt.ud | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 38 | Tribulus | Tus | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Zygophyllaceae |
| 39 | Aizoon | Aizoon | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Aizoaceae |
| 40 | Fabaceae undifferentiated | Fab.ud | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 41 | Acanthaceae undifferentiated | Acanthaceae undiff | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 42 | Thypha | Thypha | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Typhaceae |
| 43 | Aloe collenettae | A. collenettae | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Asphodelaceae |
| 44 | Pollen indeterminata | Pollen indet | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 45 | Glomus | Glomus | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 46 | Sporormiella sp. | Spo.sp | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-113 |
| 47 | Sordaria sp. | Sor.sp | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-55A |
| 48 | Sordaria-type | Sor-T | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-55B |
| 49 | Delitschia sp. | Delitschia sp. | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | large |
| 50 | Arnium sp. | Arnium sp. | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-261 |
| 51 | Coniochaeta sp. | Coniocheata sp. | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-172 |
| 52 | Pleospora sp. | Ple.sp | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-3B |
| 53 | Alternaria sp. | Alternaria sp. | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | NN-129 |
| 54 | Palynomorpha, non-pollen | NPP | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-200 |
| 55 | Uredospore | Uredospore | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 56 | Fruiting body | Fruiting body | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 57 | Fungal spore indeterminata | Fun.s.indet | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 58 | Microfossils indeterminata | Microfos indet | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 59 | Capillaria sp. | Capillaria sp. | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-531 |
| 60 | Acari | Acari | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Part |
| 61 | Bryophyte spores | Bry.s | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | A |
| 62 | Bryophyte spores | Bry.s | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | B |
| 63 | Palynomorpha, non-pollen | NPP | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-182 |
| 64 | Microcharcoal | myChar | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Light microscope, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | <125 µm, 3 lines per slide |
| 65 | Microcharcoal | myChar | #/cm3 | Unkelbach, Julia | Calculated | |
| 66 | Sample volume | Samp vol | cm3 | Unkelbach, Julia | Mechanical sampling device | Sample quantity macro-charcoal |
| 67 | Macrocharcoal | MacChar | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Stereomicroscope, ZEISS [x12 magnification] | (>125 µm) sum |
| 68 | Macrocharcoal, wood-type | MacChar w-t | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Stereomicroscope, ZEISS [x12 magnification] | |
| 69 | Macrocharcoal, leaf-type | MacChar l-t | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Stereomicroscope, ZEISS [x12 magnification] | |
| 70 | Macrocharcoal, grass-type | MacChar g-t | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Stereomicroscope, ZEISS [x12 magnification] | |
| 71 | Macrocharcoal | MacChar | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Stereomicroscope, ZEISS [x12 magnification] | other types |
| 72 | Macrocharcoal | MacChar | #/cm3 | Unkelbach, Julia |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) (License comes into effect after moratorium ends)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
1518 data points