Unkelbach, Julia (2026): Modern pollen rain analyses for 15 sites in north-central Oman [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.996092 (DOI registration in progress)
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Published: 2026-07-22
Abstract:
The arid environments of southern Arabia are mosaic landscapes consisting of clusters of different vegetation types that reflect changing climate and human adaption strategies to extreme climatic conditions. The underlying study investigates modern pollen-vegetation relationships in the hyper arid mosaic landscapes of north-central Oman to refine the interpretation of fossil pollen records from similar environments. Fifteen sites were sampled using pollen traps or surface samples across natural mountain, mountain foothill, and anthropogenically influenced systems, including oasis environments. Qualitative vegetation surveys were conducted within a 20 m radius around each sampling site. Most of the studied sites are located within and in the immediate vicinity of the village of Al-Khashbah in north-central Oman. Further sites are located to the north and northeast in the Al-Hajar Mountains and its southern foothills.
Related to:
Unkelbach, Julia; Proctor, Lucas; Behling, Hermann (2026): Modern Pollen-Vegetation Relationships in North-Central Oman and Their Implications for Interpreting Fossil Pollen Records from Extremely Arid Environments. Palynology, 2705316, https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2026.2705316
Funding:
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 22.731255 * Median Longitude: 57.961996 * South-bound Latitude: 22.609578 * West-bound Longitude: 57.085861 * North-bound Latitude: 23.140222 * East-bound Longitude: 58.220667
Date/Time Start: 2023-02-23T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2023-03-10T00:00:00
Minimum Elevation: 382.0 m * Maximum Elevation: 950.0 m
Event(s):
AQ1_Oman (U1685) * Latitude: 22.830672 * Longitude: 57.761693 * Date/Time: 2023-02-27T00:00:00 * Elevation: 468.0 m * Location: North-central Oman * Method/Device: Plastic bag (PB) * Comment: Dry pit near Qal'at Al-Awamir, 30 kilometers north-west of Al-Khashbah. Hilly environment with no to very sparse vegetation.
KS3_Oman (U2801) * Latitude: 22.663242 * Longitude: 58.022827 * Date/Time: 2023-02-23T00:00:00 * Elevation: 384.0 m * Location: North-central Oman * Method/Device: Plastic bag (PB) * Comment: On excavation area outside the city of Al-Khashbah, surrounded by rocky hills. Rocky environment with no to very sparse vegetation.
KS5_Oman (U2813) * Latitude: 22.658992 * Longitude: 58.023613 * Date/Time: 2023-02-23T00:00:00 * Elevation: 382.0 m * Location: North-central Oman * Method/Device: Plastic bag (PB) * Comment: On excavation area outside the city of Al-Khashbah, surrounded by rocky hills. Rocky environment with no to very sparse vegetation.
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Event label | Event | Unkelbach, Julia | |||
| 2 | LATITUDE | Latitude | Unkelbach, Julia | Geocode | ||
| 3 | LONGITUDE | Longitude | Unkelbach, Julia | Geocode | ||
| 4 | ALTITUDE | Altitude | m | Unkelbach, Julia | Geocode | |
| 5 | DEPTH, sediment/rock | Depth sed | m | Unkelbach, Julia | Geocode | |
| 6 | Lycopodium tablets | Lyc.tabN | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Number of Lycopodium tablets |
| 7 | Spores | Spo | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Number of Spores per Lycopodium tablet |
| 8 | Lycopodium spores counted | Lyc.counted | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 9 | Sample volume | Samp vol | cm3 | Unkelbach, Julia | Measured | |
| 10 | Phoenix dactylifera | P. dactylifera | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Arecaceae |
| 11 | Pistacia | Pst | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Anacardiaceae |
| 12 | Boswellia sacra | B. sacra | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Burseraceae |
| 13 | Citrus | Cit | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Rutaceae |
| 14 | Mangifera indica | M. indica | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Anacardiaceae |
| 15 | Ficus | Fic | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Moraceae |
| 16 | Solanum | Sol | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Solanaceae |
| 17 | Ruellia patula | R. patula | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Acanthaceae |
| 18 | Aerva javanica | A. javanica | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Amaranthaceae |
| 19 | Poaceae (Cerealia) | Poaceae (Cerealia) | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | medium-large |
| 20 | Trianthema portulacastrum | T. portulacastrum | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Aizoacea |
| 21 | Apiaceae undifferentiated | Api.ud | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 22 | Cichorioideae-type | Cichorioideae T | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Asteraceae |
| 23 | Heliotropium | Helio | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Boraginaceae |
| 24 | Brassicaceae undifferentiated | Bra.ud | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 25 | Silene | Sil | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Caryophyllacae |
| 26 | Spergularia | Spr | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Caryophyllaceae |
| 27 | Cucumis | Cuc | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Cucurbitaceae |
| 28 | Sida | Sida | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Malvaceae |
| 29 | Plantago | Pla | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Plantaginaceae |
| 30 | Ranunculus muricatus | R. muricatus | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Ranunculaceae |
| 31 | Galium | Gal | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Rubiaceae |
| 32 | Bacopa monnieri | B. monnieri | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Scrophulariaceae |
| 33 | Datura | Dar | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Solanaceae |
| 34 | Urticaceae undifferentiated | Urt.ud | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 35 | Aloe collenettae | A. collenettae | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Asphodelaceae |
| 36 | Aloe vera | A. vera | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Asphodelaceae |
| 37 | Fern spores | Fern spores | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 38 | Vachellia | Vachellia | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Fabaceae |
| 39 | Ziziphus | Ziziphus | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Rhamnaceae |
| 40 | Prosopis | Pro | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Fabaceae |
| 41 | Maerua | Maerua | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Capparaceae |
| 42 | Tamarix | Tam | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Tamaricaceae |
| 43 | Zygophyllum | Zyg | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Zygophyllaceae |
| 44 | Ephedra | Eph | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Ephedraceae |
| 45 | Haloxylon | Haloxylon | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Amaranthaceae |
| 46 | Cornulaca | Cac | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Amaranthaceae |
| 47 | Euphorbia | Eup | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Euphorbiaceae |
| 48 | Limonium stocksii | L. stocksii | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Plumbaginaceae |
| 49 | Blepharis ciliaris | B. ciliaris | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Acanthaceae |
| 50 | Hibiscus micranthus | H. micranthus | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Malvaceae |
| 51 | Gymnocarpos | Gymnocar | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Caryophyllaceae |
| 52 | Artemisia | Art | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Asteraceae |
| 53 | Limeum | Limeum | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Molluginaceae |
| 54 | Poaceae | Poac | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | small |
| 55 | Cyperaceae | Cypae | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Cyperaceae |
| 56 | Chenopodium | Chm | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Amaranthaceae |
| 57 | Pulicarica-type | Pulicarica T | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Asteraceae |
| 58 | Justicia | Justicia | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Acanthaceae |
| 59 | Aizoon | Aizoon | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Aizoaceae |
| 60 | Euploca | Euploca | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Boraginaceae |
| 61 | Polycarpaea | Polycarpaea | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Caryophyllaceae |
| 62 | Cleome | Cleome | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Cleomaceae |
| 63 | Convolvulus | Con | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Convolvulaceae |
| 64 | Citrullus colocynthis | C. colocynthis | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Cucurbitaceae |
| 65 | Polygala | Pga | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Polygalaceae |
| 66 | Ochradiscus | Ochradiscus | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Resedaceae |
| 67 | Plocama | Plocama | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Rubiaceae |
| 68 | Withania | Wit | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Solanaceae |
| 69 | Tribulus | Tus | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Zygophyllaceae |
| 70 | Typha | Typ | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Typhaceae |
| 71 | Juniperus | Jun | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Cupressaceae |
| 72 | Sideroxylon mascatense | S. mascatense | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Sapotacea |
| 73 | Dodonaea viscosa | Dod.v | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Sapindaceae |
| 74 | Helianthemum | Hel | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Cistaceae |
| 75 | Lappula | Lap | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Boraginaceae |
| 76 | Dianthus | Dia | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Caryophyllaceae |
| 77 | Centaurium | Cei | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Gentianaceae |
| 78 | Rumex | Rum | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Polygonaceae |
| 79 | Pinus | Pin | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Pinaceae |
| 80 | Avicennia marina | A. marina | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Acanthaceae |
| 81 | Acanthaceae undifferentiated | Acanthaceae undiff | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 82 | Fabaceae undifferentiated | Fab.ud | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 83 | Indeterminata | Indet | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 84 | Glomus | Glomus | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-207 |
| 85 | Sporormiella | Sro | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-113 |
| 86 | Sordaria-type | Sor-T | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-55A |
| 87 | Delitschia | Delitschia | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | large |
| 88 | Delitschia | Delitschia | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-47, small |
| 89 | Arnium | Arnium | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-261 |
| 90 | Coniochaeta | Cno | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-172 |
| 91 | Neurospora/Gelasinospora | Neurospora/Gelasinospora | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | UY-110 |
| 92 | Thecaphora spp. | Thecaphora spp. | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-364 |
| 93 | Curvularia spp. | Curvularia spp. | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-1029B |
| 94 | Palynomorpha, non-pollen | NPP | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-200 |
| 95 | Uredospore | Uredospore | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Uredospore |
| 96 | Fruiting body | Fruiting body | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Fruiting body |
| 97 | Fungal spore undifferentiated | Fun.s.ud | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 98 | Palynomorpha, non-pollen | NPP | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-352, Archella |
| 99 | Assulina | Ass | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 100 | Acari | Acari | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | Part of Acari |
| 101 | Insect hair | Insect hair | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 102 | Lepidoptera scale | Lepidoptera scale | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 103 | Brachionu, eggs | Brachionus eggs | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | |
| 104 | Palynomorpha, non-pollen | NPP | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] | HdV-15 |
| 105 | Microfossils indeterminata | Microfos indet | # | Unkelbach, Julia | Llight microscope, Manufacturer unknown, ZEISS Primostar 3 [x400 magnification] |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
1500 data points