Hingerl, Luitpold; Guug, Samuel; Kunstmann, Harald: Long-term eddy-covariance measurements of energy, water, and carbon fluxes across a savanna land-use gradient in West Africa [dataset publication series]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.994143 (dataset in review)
Abstract:
This dataset provides quality-controlled and harmonized eddy-covariance (EC) measurements of energy, water, and carbon fluxes, along with meteorological and soil variables, from a network of savanna ecosystems in West Africa. The observations originate from six stations representing a gradient of land-use types, including near-natural savanna (Nazinga, Mole), cropland (Kayoro), rainfed rice field (Janga), and (semi-)degraded grassland (Sumbrungu, Gorigo). Turbulent fluxes were derived from high-frequency (20 Hz) measurements using standard EC processing procedures implemented in EddyPro (v7.0.9), including despiking, coordinate rotation, spectral corrections, and Webb–Pearman–Leuning (WPL) density corrections. Quality assessment follows established stationarity and turbulence criteria, and quality flags are provided for all fluxes. The dataset is aggregated to a uniform 30-minute temporal resolution, with no gap filling applied. All variables are provided in standardized units and naming conventions consistent with FLUXNET guidelines to facilitate comparability and reuse. The dataset supports studies of land–atmosphere interactions, surface–atmosphere coupling, and the impacts of land-use and climate variability in a data-scarce region of the global tropics.
Keyword(s):
Supplement to:
Sy, Souleymane; Bliefernicht, Jan; Manevski, Kiril; Guug, Samuel; Hingerl, Luitpold; Quesada, Benjamin; Oussou, Francis E; Kiese, Ralf; Davies, P; Jagdhuber, Thomas; Laux, Patrick; Woango, Moussa; Coulibaly, Amadou; Neidl, Frank; Steinbrecher, Rainer; Quansah, Emmanuel; Salack, Seyni; Amekudzi, L K; Kunstmann, Harald (preprint): Water use efficiency responses in contrasting agroecosystems and land management practices in West Africa. Research Square, https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8522874/v1
Related to:
Berger, Sina; Bliefernicht, Jan; Linstädter, Anja; Canak, Kristijan; Guug, Samuel; Heinzeller, Dominikus; Hingerl, Luitpold; Mauder, Matthias; Neidl, Frank; Quansah, Emmanuel; Salack, Seyni; Steinbrecher, Rainer; Kunstmann, Harald (2019): The impact of rain events on CO2 emissions from contrasting land use systems in semi-arid West African savannas. Science of the Total Environment, 647, 1478-1489, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.397
Bliefernicht, Jan; Berger, Sina; Salack, Seyni; Guug, Samuel; Hingerl, Luitpold; Heinzeller, Dominikus; Mauder, Matthias; Steinbrecher, Rainer; Steup, G; Bossa, A Y; Waongo, M; Quansah, Emmanuel; Balogun, A A; Yira, Y; Arnault, Joel; Wagner, S; Klein, C; Gessner, Ursula; Knauer, K; Straub, A; Schönrock, R; Kunkel, R; Okogbue, E C; Rogmann, A; Neidl, Frank; Jahn, Carsten; Diekkrüger, Bernd; Aduna, A; Barry, Boubacar; Kunstmann, Harald (2018): The WASCAL Hydrometeorological Observatory in the Sudan Savanna of Burkina Faso and Ghana. Vadose Zone Journal, 17(1), 1-20, https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2018.03.0065
Bliefernicht, Jan; Kunstmann, Harald; Hingerl, Luitpold; Rummler, Thomas; Andresen, Sabine; Mauder, Matthias; Steinbrecher, Rainer; Frieß, Rene; Gochis, David; Gessner, Ursula; Quensah, Emmanuel; Awotuse, Ayoola; Neidl, Frank; Jahn, Carsten; Barry, Boubacar (2013): Field and simulation experiments for investigating regional land–atmosphere interactions in West Africa: experimental set-up and first results. Proceedings of H01, IAHS-IAPSO-IASPEI Assembly, Gothenburg, Sweden, 359, https://elib.dlr.de/88029/1/Bliefernicht_etal_2013.pdf
Bliefernicht, Jan; Salack, Seyni; Waongo, M; Annor, Thompson; Laux, Patrick; Kunstmann, Harald (2022): Towards a historical precipitation database for West Africa: Overview, quality control and harmonization. International Journal of Climatology, 42(7), 4001-4023, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.7467
Guug, Samuel; Sy, Souleymane; Quansah, Emmanuel; Bliefernicht, Jan; Neidl, Frank; Steinbrecher, Rainer; Ayamba, Michael; Frempong, Alex; Davies, P; Spangenberg, Ines; Oussou, Francis E; Diallo, Belko Aziz; Salack, Seyni; Hackman, Kwame; Amekudzi, L K; Ogunjobi, Kehinde; Kunstmann, Harald (2025): Methane emissions from rice cultivation in West Africa and compensation options from nature reserve forests. Environmental Research Letters, 20(4), 044050, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adc28c
Hingerl, Luitpold; Bliefernicht, Jan; Guug, Samuel; Sy, Souleymane; Neidl, Frank; Jagdhuber, Thomas; Kunstmann, Harald (2025): Comparative analysis of land–atmosphere interactions across three contrasting ecosystems in the West Sudanian Savanna. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 61, 102751, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102751
Nadolski, Laura; Bliefernicht, Jan; Petrovic, Dragan; Rauch, Manuel; Sy, Souleymane; Guug, Samuel; Steinbrecher, Rainer; Neidl, Frank; Hingerl, Luitpold; Kunstmann, Harald (2024): Exploring and closing the energy balance of eddy covariance measurements along a land use gradient in the West African Sudanian savanna. Frontiers in Water, 6, 1393884, https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2024.1393884
Quansah, Emmanuel; Mauder, Matthias; Balogun, A A; Amekudzi, L K; Hingerl, Luitpold; Bliefernicht, Jan; Kunstmann, Harald (2015): Carbon dioxide fluxes from contrasting ecosystems in the Sudanian Savanna in West Africa. Carbon Balance Manage, 10(1), 1, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13021-014-0011-4
Sy, Souleymane; Quesada, Benjamin (2020): Anthropogenic land cover change impact on climate extremes during the 21st century. Environmental Research Letters, 15(3), 034002, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab702c
Project(s):
Eddy covariance station network in northern Ghana and southern Burkina Faso (WASCAL_Eddy_Cov_Observatory)
Funding:
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 10.553717 * Median Longitude: -1.234783 * South-bound Latitude: 9.336000 * West-bound Longitude: -1.869000 * North-bound Latitude: 11.155600 * East-bound Longitude: -0.824000
Date/Time Start: 2013-01-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2025-12-22T10:00:00
Event(s):
WASCAL_Gorigo * Latitude: 10.936000 * Longitude: -0.824000 * Date/Time Start: 2017-05-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2024-08-31T23:30:00 * Elevation: 217.0 m * Method/Device: Sonic anemometer, Campbell Scientific, CSAT3; Infrared gas analyzer, LI-COR, Li-7500A * Comment: land use: Semi-degraded grassland; Replacement site for Sumbrungu following vandalism in 2016. Located slightly further north under comparable land-use and environmental conditions. Primarily characterized by grazing and sparse vegetation cover, with occasional maize cultivation in 2018 and 2019. Classified as semi-degraded grassland.
WASCAL_Janga * Latitude: 10.130000 * Longitude: -0.884000 * Date/Time Start: 2022-04-21T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2025-02-05T09:30:00 * Elevation: 118.0 m * Method/Device: Eddy-Covariance Analyzer, Campbell Scientific, IRGASON [CSAT3A and EC150] * Comment: land use: Rainfed rice field / cropland; Installed in June 2022 in an agricultural field primarily used for rainfed rice cultivation. The field may be temporarily flooded after rainfall during plantation and early growth. Rice cultivation was conducted only during the first measurement year; later the field was left fallow and colonized by spontaneous grass vegetation.
WASCAL_Kayoro * Latitude: 10.918100 * Longitude: -1.329000 * Date/Time Start: 2013-01-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2025-08-31T23:30:00 * Elevation: 292.0 m * Method/Device: Sonic anemometer, Campbell Scientific, CSAT3; Infrared gas analyzer, LI-COR, Li-7500A * Comment: land use: Cropland; Located in a sparsely populated area. Represents a cropland ecosystem alternately used for rain-fed cultivation and fallow. When cultivated, the area around the tower is mainly covered by groundnut crops of about 30 cm height. During fallow periods, grass may reach up to about 1 m.
Comment:
The half-hourly datasets contain the full set of processed eddy-covariance fluxes, radiation components, meteorological variables, turbulence parameters, and soil measurements. The daily datasets contain aggregated values derived from the half-hourly observations, using appropriate aggregation methods (e.g. means for state variables and fluxes, sums for precipitation).
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) (License comes into effect after moratorium ends)
Size:
12 datasets
Download Data (login required; moratorium until 2026-11-08)
Datasets listed in this publication series
- Hingerl, L; Guug, S; Kunstmann, H (in review): Long-term eddy-covariance measurements of energy, water, and carbon fluxes across a savanna land-use gradient of 30 minute intervals at Gorigo in West Africa. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.994793
- Hingerl, L; Guug, S; Kunstmann, H (in review): Long-term eddy-covariance measurements of energy, water, and carbon fluxes across a savanna land-use gradient of daily intervals at Gorigo in West Africa. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.994803
- Hingerl, L; Guug, S; Kunstmann, H (in review): Long-term eddy-covariance measurements of energy, water, and carbon fluxes across a savanna land-use gradient of 30 minute intervals at Janga in West Africa. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.994804
- Hingerl, L; Guug, S; Kunstmann, H (in review): Long-term eddy-covariance measurements of energy, water, and carbon fluxes across a savanna land-use gradient of daily intervals at Janga in West Africa. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.994810
- Hingerl, L; Guug, S; Kunstmann, H (in review): Long-term eddy-covariance measurements of energy, water, and carbon fluxes across a savanna land-use gradient of 30 minute intervals at Kayoro in West Africa. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.994805
- Hingerl, L; Guug, S; Kunstmann, H (in review): Long-term eddy-covariance measurements of energy, water, and carbon fluxes across a savanna land-use gradient of daily intervals at Kayoro in West Africa. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.994811
- Hingerl, L; Guug, S; Kunstmann, H (in review): Long-term eddy-covariance measurements of energy, water, and carbon fluxes across a savanna land-use gradient of 30 minute intervals at Mole in West Africa. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.994806
- Hingerl, L; Guug, S; Kunstmann, H (in review): Long-term eddy-covariance measurements of energy, water, and carbon fluxes across a savanna land-use gradient of daily intervals at Mole in West Africa. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.994812
- Hingerl, L; Guug, S; Kunstmann, H (in review): Long-term eddy-covariance measurements of energy, water, and carbon fluxes across a savanna land-use gradient of 30 minute intervals at Nazinga in West Africa. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.994808
- Hingerl, L; Guug, S; Kunstmann, H (in review): Long-term eddy-covariance measurements of energy, water, and carbon fluxes across a savanna land-use gradient of daily intervals at Nazinga in West Africa. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.994813
- Hingerl, L; Guug, S; Kunstmann, H (in review): Long-term eddy-covariance measurements of energy, water, and carbon fluxes across a savanna land-use gradient of 30 minute intervals at Sumbrungu in West Africa. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.994809
- Hingerl, L; Guug, S; Kunstmann, H (in review): Long-term eddy-covariance measurements of energy, water, and carbon fluxes across a savanna land-use gradient of daily intervals at Sumbrungu in West Africa. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.994814