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Hess, Anya V; Wang, Shouyi; Ummenhofer, Caroline C; Rosenthal, Yair; Oppo, Delia W (2026): Updated ages and age uncertainty for sea-surface and thermocline temperature data used to assess last millennium Pacific Walker Circulation [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.993405 (DOI registration in progress)

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Published: 2026-04-14

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Abstract:
This data accompanies Hess et al. (2026, Science Advances). It consists of Last Millennium (750 CE to present) sea-surface and thermocline temperature data used to assess the strength of the Pacific Walker Circulation of the last millennium. Ages have been updated to Marine20 and generated, with age uncertainty, using geoChronR (McKay et al., 2021). See Hess et al. (2026) for detailed methodology.
Keyword(s):
Foraminifera; Indonesian Throughflow; Little Ice Age; medieval climate anomaly; Mg/Ca; Mg/Ca planktonic foraminifera; Pacific Water Circulation; Pulleniatina obliquiloculata; Thermocline; thermocline depth; thermocline water temperature
Related to:
Anand, Pallavi; Elderfield, Henry; Conte, Maureen H (2003): Calibration of Mg/Ca thermometry in planktonic foraminifera from a sediment trap time series. Paleoceanography, 18(2), 1050, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002PA000846
Esswein, Katherine Lee (2012): Patterns of climate variability in the western equatorial Pacific during the Common Era [dissertation]. Rutgers University-Graduate School-New Brunswick
Hess, Anya V; Ummenhofer, Caroline C; Rosenthal, Yair; Oppo, Delia W (in review): A Strong Pacific Walker Circulation During the Little Ice Age.
Hollstein, Martina; Mohtadi, Mahyar; Rosenthal, Yair; Moffa-Sanchez, Paola; Oppo, Delia W; Martínez-Méndez, Gema; Steinke, Stephan; Hebbeln, Dierk (2017): Stable Oxygen Isotopes and Mg/Ca in Planktic Foraminifera From Modern Surface Sediments of the Western Pacific Warm Pool: Implications for Thermocline Reconstructions. Paleoceanography, 32(11), 1174-1194, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017PA003122
McKay, Nicholas; Emile-Geay, J; Khider, D (2021): geoChronR – an R package to model, analyze, and visualize age-uncertain data. Geochronology (GChron), 3(1), 149-169, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-149-2021
Newton, A; Thunell, Robert C; Stott, Lowell D (2006): Climate and hydrographic variability in the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool during the last millennium. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(19), 2006GL027234, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027234
Oppo, Delia W; Rosenthal, Yair; Linsley, Braddock K (2009): 2,000-year-long temperature and hydrology reconstructions from the Indo-Pacific warm pool. Nature, 460(7259), 1113-1116, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08233
Rustic, Gerald T; Koutavas, Athanasios; Marchitto, Thomas M; Linsley, Braddock K (2015): Dynamical excitation of the tropical Pacific Ocean and ENSO variability by Little Ice Age cooling. Science, 350(6267), 1537-1541, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac9937
Steinke, Stephan; Prange, Matthias; Feist, Christin; Groeneveld, Jeroen; Mohtadi, Mahyar (2014): Upwelling variability off southern Indonesia over the past two millennia. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(21), 7684-7693, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061450
Funding:
National Science Foundation (NSF), grant/award no. OCE-2303513
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -5.603368 * Median Longitude: 124.632685 * South-bound Latitude: -9.223167 * West-bound Longitude: 115.353100 * North-bound Latitude: -1.253000 * East-bound Longitude: -89.685500
Date/Time Start: 2005-09-05T05:11:00 * Date/Time End: 2005-09-05T05:11:00
Minimum Elevation: -1292.0 m * Maximum Elevation: -454.0 m
Event(s):
BJ8-03-6MC * Latitude: -7.470667 * Longitude: 115.358833 * Elevation: -920.0 m * Method/Device: MultiCorer (MUC)
BJ8-03-7GGC * Latitude: -7.477650 * Longitude: 115.353100 * Elevation: -909.0 m * Method/Device: Gravity corer (GC)
BJ8-03-31MC * Latitude: -3.880000 * Longitude: 119.454000 * Elevation: -459.0 m * Location: West Sulawesi margin * Method/Device: MultiCorer (MUC)
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1Event labelEventHess, Anya V
2CampaignCampaignHess, Anya V
3Year of samplingYear samplHess, Anya V
4LATITUDELatitudeHess, Anya VGeocode
5LONGITUDELongitudeHess, Anya VGeocode
6ELEVATIONElevationm a.s.l.Hess, Anya VGeocode
7Device typeDeviceHess, Anya V
8SiteSiteHess, Anya V
9SpeciesSpeciesHess, Anya V
10Data typeData typeHess, Anya V
11DEPTH, sediment/rockDepth sedmHess, Anya VGeocode
12Calendar age, medianCal age mediana AD/CEHess, Anya V
13Sea surface temperatureSST°CHess, Anya Vcalibration according to Hollstein et al. (1997)
14Sea surface temperatureSST°CHess, Anya Vcalibration according to Anand et al. (2003)
15AgeAgea AD/CEHess, Anya V
16Sea surface temperatureSST°CHess, Anya Vmedian temperature calculated from Mg/Ca using Hollstein et al. (1997) calibration
17Sea surface temperatureSST°CHess, Anya V5th percentile temperature calculated from Mg/Ca using Hollstein et al. (1997) calibration
18Sea surface temperatureSST°CHess, Anya V25th percentile temperature calculated from Mg/Ca using Hollstein et al. (1997) calibration
19Sea surface temperatureSST°CHess, Anya V75th percentile temperature calculated from Mg/Ca using Hollstein et al. (1997) calibration
20Sea surface temperatureSST°CHess, Anya V95th percentile temperature calculated from Mg/Ca using Hollstein et al. (1997) calibration
21Sea surface temperatureSST°CHess, Anya Vmedian temperature calculated from Mg/Ca using Anand et al. (2003) calibration
22Sea surface temperatureSST°CHess, Anya V5th percentile temperature calculated from Mg/Ca using Anand et al. (2003) calibration
23Sea surface temperatureSST°CHess, Anya V25th percentile temperature calculated from Mg/Ca using Anand et al. (2003) calibration
24Sea surface temperatureSST°CHess, Anya V75th percentile temperature calculated from Mg/Ca using Anand et al. (2003) calibration
25Sea surface temperatureSST°CHess, Anya V95th percentile temperature calculated from Mg/Ca using Anand et al. (2003) calibration
26Thermocline water temperatureTWT°CHess, Anya Vat age median; calibration according to Hollstein et al. (1997)
27Thermocline water temperatureTWT°CHess, Anya Vmedian temperature calculated from Mg/Ca using Hollstein et al. (1997) calibration
28Thermocline water temperatureTWT°CHess, Anya V5th percentile temperature calculated from Mg/Ca using Hollstein et al. (1997) calibration
29Thermocline water temperatureTWT°CHess, Anya V75th percentile temperature calculated from Mg/Ca using Hollstein et al. (1997) calibration
30Thermocline water temperatureTWT°CHess, Anya V95th percentile temperature calculated from Mg/Ca using Hollstein et al. (1997) calibration
31Thermocline water temperatureTWT°CHess, Anya Vmedian temperature calculated from Mg/Ca using Anand et al. (2003) calibration
32Thermocline water temperatureTWT°CHess, Anya V5th percentile temperature calculated from Mg/Ca using Anand et al. (2003) calibration
33Thermocline water temperatureTWT°CHess, Anya V25th percentile temperature calculated from Mg/Ca using Anand et al. (2003) calibration)
34Thermocline water temperatureTWT°CHess, Anya V75th percentile temperature calculated from Mg/Ca using Anand et al. (2003) calibration
35Thermocline water temperatureTWT°CHess, Anya V95th percentile temperature calculated from Mg/Ca using Anand et al. (2003) calibration
36Reference/sourceReferenceHess, Anya V
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) (License comes into effect after moratorium ends)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
74937 data points

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