Hess, Anya V; Wang, Shouyi; Ummenhofer, Caroline C; Rosenthal, Yair; Oppo, Delia W (2026): Last millennium surface-thermocline temperature difference reconstructions from the Indonesian Throughflow based on planktonic foraminifera Mg/Ca [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.993404 (DOI registration in progress)
Always quote citation above when using data! You can download the citation in several formats below.
Published: 2026-04-14
Abstract:
This data accompanies Hess et al. (2026, Science Advances). It consists of Last Millennium (750 CE to present) surface-thermocline temperature differences from the Indonesian Seas, calculated from Mg/Ca-derived sea-surface temperatures (Globigerinoides ruber; Oppo et al., 2009, Esswein, 2012) and thermocline temperatures (Pulleniatina obliquiloculata; Hess et al., 2026). Temperatures derived using the species-specific calibrations of Hollstein et al. (2017). Data from cores recovered in very close proximity to each other have been grouped (Makassar Strait sites BJ8-03 31MC, 32GGC, 34GGC; and Java Sea Sites BJ8-03 6MC, 7GGC) and spliced; multicorer (MC) data were used for the period over which it is available. Ages have been updated to Marine20 and generated, with age uncertainty, using geoChronR (McKay et al., 2021).
Keyword(s):
Related to:
Anand, Pallavi; Elderfield, Henry; Conte, Maureen H (2003): Calibration of Mg/Ca thermometry in planktonic foraminifera from a sediment trap time series. Paleoceanography, 18(2), 1050, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002PA000846
Esswein, Katherine Lee (2012): Patterns of climate variability in the western equatorial Pacific during the Common Era [dissertation]. Rutgers University-Graduate School-New Brunswick
Hess, Anya V; Ummenhofer, Caroline C; Rosenthal, Yair; Oppo, Delia W (in review): A Strong Pacific Walker Circulation During the Little Ice Age.
Hollstein, Martina; Mohtadi, Mahyar; Rosenthal, Yair; Moffa-Sanchez, Paola; Oppo, Delia W; Martínez-Méndez, Gema; Steinke, Stephan; Hebbeln, Dierk (2017): Stable Oxygen Isotopes and Mg/Ca in Planktic Foraminifera From Modern Surface Sediments of the Western Pacific Warm Pool: Implications for Thermocline Reconstructions. Paleoceanography, 32(11), 1174-1194, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017PA003122
McKay, Nicholas; Emile-Geay, J; Khider, D (2021): geoChronR – an R package to model, analyze, and visualize age-uncertain data. Geochronology (GChron), 3(1), 149-169, https://doi.org/10.5194/gchron-3-149-2021
Newton, A; Thunell, Robert C; Stott, Lowell D (2006): Climate and hydrographic variability in the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool during the last millennium. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(19), 2006GL027234, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027234
Oppo, Delia W; Rosenthal, Yair; Linsley, Braddock K (2009): 2,000-year-long temperature and hydrology reconstructions from the Indo-Pacific warm pool. Nature, 460(7259), 1113-1116, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature08233
Rustic, Gerald T; Koutavas, Athanasios; Marchitto, Thomas M; Linsley, Braddock K (2015): Dynamical excitation of the tropical Pacific Ocean and ENSO variability by Little Ice Age cooling. Science, 350(6267), 1537-1541, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac9937
Steinke, Stephan; Prange, Matthias; Feist, Christin; Groeneveld, Jeroen; Mohtadi, Mahyar (2014): Upwelling variability off southern Indonesia over the past two millennia. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(21), 7684-7693, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061450
Funding:
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Campaign | Campaign | Hess, Anya V | |||
| 2 | Site | Site | Hess, Anya V | |||
| 3 | Calendar age, median | Cal age median | a AD/CE | Hess, Anya V | ||
| 4 | Sea surface temperature | SST | °C | Hess, Anya V | median temperature calculated from G. ruber Mg/Ca | |
| 5 | Sea surface temperature | SST | °C | Hess, Anya V | 25th percentile temperature calculated from G. ruber Mg/Ca | |
| 6 | Sea surface temperature | SST | °C | Hess, Anya V | 75th percentile temperature calculated from G. ruber Mg/Ca | |
| 7 | Thermocline water temperature | TWT | °C | Hess, Anya V | median temperature calculated from P. obliquiloculata Mg/Ca | |
| 8 | Thermocline water temperature | TWT | °C | Hess, Anya V | 25th percentile temperature calculated from P. obliquiloculata Mg/Ca | |
| 9 | Thermocline water temperature | TWT | °C | Hess, Anya V | 75th percentile temperature calculated from P. obliquiloculata Mg/Ca | |
| 10 | Temperature, difference | delta T | °C | Hess, Anya V | surface-thermocline | |
| 11 | Temperature, difference | delta T | °C | Hess, Anya V | 25th percentile of temperature difference of surface-thermocline | |
| 12 | Temperature, difference | delta T | °C | Hess, Anya V | 75th percentile of temperature difference of surface-thermocline |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) (License comes into effect after moratorium ends)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
27852 data points
Download Data (login required; moratorium until 2026-10-01)
View dataset as HTML (shows only first 2000 rows)