Citation:

PANGAEA.988210

Name: Vertical temperature and seawater δ¹⁸O profiles from the North Atlantic during the mid-Holocene (2-6 ka BP) and the Last Glacial Maximum (19-23 ka BP)
Published: 2026-01-21
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: AMOC; Blake Outer Ridge; Clumped isotope thermometry; Deep ocean circulation; Deep ocean temperatures; Deep water formation; Foraminiferal geochemistry; Last Glacial Maximum; Middle Holocene; North Atlantic; North Atlantic Deep Water; Oxygen and carbon stable isotopes; Paleoceanographic proxies; Paleoceanography; Trace metals Mg/Ca

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Published: 2026-01-21 • DOI registered: 2026-01-21

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Keyword(s):

AMOC; Blake Outer Ridge; Clumped isotope thermometry; Deep ocean circulation; Deep ocean temperatures; Deep water formation; Foraminiferal geochemistry; Last Glacial Maximum; Middle Holocene; North Atlantic; North Atlantic Deep Water; Oxygen and carbon stable isotopes; Paleoceanographic proxies; Paleoceanography; Trace metals Mg/Ca

References:

Wharton, Jack; Renoult, Martin; Gebbie, Geoffrey; Keigwin, Lloyd D; Marchitto, Thomas M; Maslin, Mark; Oppo, Delia W; Thornalley, David J R (2024): Deeper and stronger North Atlantic Gyre during the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07655-y

Funding:

National Science Foundation (NSF), grant/award no. OCE-2233080: Theoretical and Practical Development of Aragonite Li/Mg as a Deep Sea Paleotemperature Proxy

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 39.219856 * Median Longitude: -61.318089 * South-bound Latitude: 30.759694 * West-bound Longitude: -76.290000 * North-bound Latitude: 62.975500 * East-bound Longitude: -16.501400

Date/Time Start: 1989-08-10T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2006-06-25T00:00:00

Minimum ELEVATION: -5.02 m a.s.l. * Maximum ELEVATION: -1.15 m a.s.l.

Event(s):

172-1055 * Latitude: 32.784333 * Longitude: -76.286278 * Date/Time: 1997-02-21T00:00:00 * Elevation: -1798.1 m * Penetration: 405.4 m * Recovery: 429.4 m * Location: Carolina Slope, North Atlantic Ocean * Campaign: * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Composite Core (COMPCORE) * Comment: 45 cores; 405.4 m cored; 0 m drilled; 105.9% recovery

172-1057 * Latitude: 32.028861 * Longitude: -76.079222 * Date/Time: 1997-02-25T00:00:00 * Elevation: -2583.8 m * Penetration: 341.2 m * Recovery: 364.2 m * Location: Carolina Slope, North Atlantic Ocean * Campaign: * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Composite Core (COMPCORE) * Comment: 37 cores; 341.2 m cored; 0 m drilled; 106.7% recovery

172-1059 * Latitude: 31.674194 * Longitude: -75.418528 * Date/Time: 1997-03-03T00:00:00 * Elevation: -2985.1 m * Penetration: 286 m * Recovery: 301.9 m * Location: Blake Outer Ridge, North Atlantic Ocean * Campaign: * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Composite Core (COMPCORE) * Comment: 31 cores; 286 m cored; 0 m drilled; 105.6% recovery

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event		Wharton, Jack
2	Latitude of event	Latitude		Wharton, Jack
3	Longitude of event	Longitude		Wharton, Jack
4	Site	Site		Wharton, Jack		additional event label
5	Timeslice	Timeslice		Wharton, Jack
6	ELEVATION	Elevation	m a.s.l.	Wharton, Jack		Geocode
7	Proxy	Proxy		Wharton, Jack		temperature
8	Species	Species		Wharton, Jack
9	Bottom water temperature	BWT	°C	Wharton, Jack	Calculated
10	Bottom water temperature, standard error	BWT std e	±	Wharton, Jack	Calculated, 2 standard error (2SE)
11	Number of measurements	n	#	Wharton, Jack		Number of D47-temperature measurements
12	δ18O, seawater, reconstructed	δ18Osw	‰ SMOW	Wharton, Jack
13	δ18O, seawater, reconstructed, standard error	δ18Osw std e	±	Wharton, Jack	Calculated, 2 standard error (2SE)
14	Foraminifera, benthic δ18O	Foram benth δ18O	‰ PDB	Wharton, Jack	Corrected	Corrected benthic foraminiferal δ18O (D47)
15	Foraminifera, benthic δ18O, standard error	Foram benth std e	±	Wharton, Jack	Calculated, 1 standard error	Corrected benthic foraminiferal δ18O (D47)
16	Number of measurements	n	#	Wharton, Jack		Number of D47 corrected benthic foraminiferal δ18O measurements

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Size:

258 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Event	2 Latitude	3 Longitude	4 Site (additional event label)	5 Timeslice	6 Elevation [m a.s.l.]	7 Proxy (temperature)	8 Species	9 BWT [°C] (Calculated)	10 BWT std e [±] (Calculated, 2 standard error)	11 n [#] (Number of D47-temperature mea...)	12 δ18Osw [‰ SMOW]	13 δ18Osw std e [±] (Calculated, 2 standard error)	14 Foram benth δ18O [‰ PDB] (Corrected benthic foraminifer...)	15 Foram benth std e [±] (Corrected benthic foraminifer...)	16 n [#] (Number of D47 corrected benth...)
KNR178-49JPC	35.7600	-74.4400		Mid-to-late Holocene	-1.52	Mg/Ca	G. affinis	3.99	1.14		0.24	0.27
172-1055	32.7843	-76.2863		Mid-to-late Holocene	-1.80	Mg/Li	H. elegans	4.20	1.96		0.25	0.49
KNR178-48JPC	35.7667	-74.4500		Mid-to-late Holocene	-2.01	Mg/Ca	G. affinis	2.86	1.30		-0.03	0.30
KNR178-48JPC	35.7667	-74.4500		Mid-to-late Holocene	-2.01	Mg/Li	H. elegans	3.51	1.74		0.11	0.40
KNR140-66GGC	32.5000	-76.2900		Mid-to-late Holocene	-2.16	Mg/Li	H. elegans	3.17	1.62		0.03	0.42
172-1057	32.0289	-76.0792	KNR178-15JPC	Mid-to-late Holocene	-2.61	Mg/Li	H. elegans	3.48	1.92		0.22	0.46
172-1057	32.0289	-76.0792	KNR178-15JPC	Mid-to-late Holocene	-2.63	Mg/Ca	G. affinis	3.29	1.70		0.18	0.41
172-1059	31.6742	-75.4185	KNR178-10JPC	Mid-to-late Holocene	-3.00	Mg/Ca	G. affinis + M. pompilioides	3.31	1.47		0.26	0.35
172-1059	31.6742	-75.4185	KNR178-10JPC	Mid-to-late Holocene	-3.00	Mg/Li	H. elegans	2.76	1.56		0.13	0.37
172-1060	30.7597	-74.4665	KNR178-6GGC	Mid-to-late Holocene	-3.48	Mg/Ca	G. affinis + M. pompilioides	2.58	0.67		0.04	0.22
172-1060	30.7597	-74.4665	KNR178-6GGC	Mid-to-late Holocene	-3.49	Mg/Li	H. elegans	2.39	1.49		0.00	0.37
KNR178-2GGC	36.1200	-72.2900		Mid-to-late Holocene	-3.93	Mg/Ca	G. affinis + M. pompilioides	2.33	0.63		0.09	0.16
172-1063	33.6864	-57.6150		Mid-to-late Holocene	-4.58	Mg/Ca	M. pompilioides	2.23	0.46		-0.17	0.12
KNR178-48JPC	35.7667	-74.4500		Mid-to-late Holocene	-2.01	D47	C. pachyderma + G. affinis	3.80	3.76	20	0.32	0.85	2.73	0.12	32
KNR178-15JPC	35.9300	-74.1100		Mid-to-late Holocene	-2.63	D47	G. affinis + H. elegans	4.36	2.40	41	0.36	0.54	2.64	0.19	60
KNR178-10JPC	35.8400	-73.8900		Mid-to-late Holocene	-3.02	D47	G. affinis + H. elegans	1.75	3.13	42	-0.15	0.70	2.72	0.23	56
KNR178-6GGC	35.8200	-73.5900		Mid-to-late Holocene	-3.49	D47	G. affinis + H. elegans	1.77	2.64	26	-0.02	0.60	2.84	0.21	37
KNR178-49JPC	35.7600	-74.4400		LGM	-1.52	Mg/Ca	C. neoteretis + G. affinis	2.58	0.77		0.97	0.20
172-1055	32.7843	-76.2863		LGM	-1.80	Mg/Ca	C. neoteretis + G. affinis	5.17	0.87		1.00	0.26
KNR178-48JPC	35.7667	-74.4500		LGM	-2.01	Mg/Ca	C. neoteretis + G. affinis	2.07	1.24		0.76	0.29
KNR140-66GGC	32.5000	-76.2900		LGM	-2.16	Mg/Ca	C. neoteretis	1.83	0.95		0.35	0.30
172-1057	32.0289	-76.0792	KNR178-15JPC	LGM	-2.61	Mg/Ca	C. neoteretis + C. neoteretis + G. affinis	1.51	0.61		0.73	0.18
KNR178-10JPC	35.8400	-73.8900		LGM	-3.02	Mg/Ca	G. affinis	0.26	1.24		0.29	0.29
KNR197-10-GGC17	36.4050	-48.5400		LGM	-5.02	Mg/Ca	M. pompilioides	1.22	1.29		0.46	0.30
172-1057	32.0289	-76.0792	KNR178-15JPC	LGM	-2.61	D47	U. peregrina + C. neoteretis + G. affinis	1.77	1.62	106	1.74	0.37	4.60	0.20	135
172-1059	31.6742	-75.4185	KNR178-10JPC	LGM	-3.00	D47	U. peregrina + G. affinis	-0.31	1.65	97	1.21	0.37	4.54	0.14	133
172-1060	30.7597	-74.4665		LGM	-3.48	D47	U. peregrina	0.19	2.98	33	1.27	0.67	4.48	0.14	39
KNR178-2GGC	36.1200	-72.2900		LGM	-3.93	D47	U. peregrina	0.69	1.86	47	1.48	0.42	4.59	0.14	63
BOFS17K	58.0010	-16.5014		LGM	-1.15	Mg/Ca	M. pompilioides	1.88	0.56		1.52	0.17
RAPiD-10-1P	62.9755	-17.5895		LGM	-1.24	Mg/Ca	M. pompilioides	2.44	0.55		1.98	0.14
RAPiD-17-5P	61.4660	-19.5330		LGM	-2.30	Mg/Ca	M. pompilioides	2.58	1.28		1.78	0.51