Citation:

PANGAEA.988197 (DOI registration in progress)

Name: Dissolved and particulate barium concentrations and isotopes in the Equatorial Pacific during SONNE cruise SO298 (GEOTRACES GP11)
Published: 2026-02-09
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: barium; Barium isotopes; GEOTRACES

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Published: 2026-02-09

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Abstract:

This dataset contains dissolved (<0.2 μm) and particulate (>0.2 μm) barium concentrations ([dBa] and [pBa], respectively), and their stable isotopes (δ¹³⁸Bad and δ¹³⁸Bap, respectively), from the Equatorial Pacific Ocean collected during the GEOTRACES GP11 expedition with the German RV SONNE (SO298). The cruise took place between Guayaquil (Ecuador) and Townsville (Australia) from April to June 2023, with sampling stations extending from Ecuador to Papua New Guinea along the equator.

Samples for [dBa] and δ¹³⁸Bad were collected either from the Niskin bottles attached to a stainless steel CTD (SS-CTD) rosette or from a trace-metal-clean underway towed fish. [dBa] was determined by isotope dilution on an Agilent 7500ce Quadrupole-ICP-MS at GEOMAR.

Filters for [pBa] and δ¹³⁸Bap were obtained after filtration of seawater collected with the Niskin bottles mounted on a titanium CTD (Ti-CTD) rosette. Particulate samples were first leached to measure labile Ba and then digested to measure refractory Ba concentrations, however only the refractory Ba was analyzed for δ¹³⁸Bap. [pBa] was analyzed on a Thermo Element XR ICP-MS coupled with a CETAC Aridus 2 desolvating nebulizer.

The δ138Ba in both dissolved and particulate fractions were determined using a double spike technique on a Thermo Fisher Scientific TM Neptune Plus® Multi-Collector ICP-MS at GEOMAR after chemical purification in the home laboratory.

Biogenic silica (bSi) was analyzed in particles (>51 µm) collected using in situ pumps. At coastal stations, a two-step digestion was used to separate biogenic silica (bSi) from silicate minerals. The first digestion extracted bSi (Si1), while the second determined the mineral contribution (Si2). Aluminum concentrations were also measured, and the ratio of Si2/Al2 was used to characterize the silicate mineral fraction. The corrected [bSi] was calculated as: bSi = Si1 – Al1 x (Si2/Al2). At oceanic stations, a one-step digestion was applied to determine bSi directly. Biogenic silica concentrations were analyzed by segmented flow injection with a QUAATRO39 (Seal Analytical), and aluminum concentrations on an Agilent Varian ICP-OES 700 ES.

Keyword(s):

barium; Barium isotopes; GEOTRACES

Supplement to:

Liguori, Bianca T P (in prep.): Controls on the Elemental and Isotopic Barium Cycle in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean.

Project(s):

Global marine biogeochemical cycles of trace elements and their isotopes (GEOTRACES)

Funding:

Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), grant/award no. 03G0298A: GEOTRACES-GP11

Coverage:

Median Latitude: -0.335556 * Median Longitude: -141.140518 * South-bound Latitude: -2.500070 * West-bound Longitude: 157.853550 * North-bound Latitude: 0.005380 * East-bound Longitude: -81.000020

Date/Time Start: 2023-04-15T12:56:28 * Date/Time End: 2023-05-26T17:44:42

Minimum DEPTH, water: 5.0 m * Maximum DEPTH, water: 5408.1 m

Event(s):

SO298_1-1 * Latitude: -2.500070 * Longitude: -81.000020 * Date/Time: 2023-04-15T12:56:28 * Elevation: -105.2 m * Campaign: (GEOTRACES GP11) * Basis: * Method/Device: (CTD-RO) * Comment: "Ti-CTD; SLmax: 101m"

SO298_2-2 * Latitude: -1.796970 * Longitude: -81.901830 * Date/Time: 2023-04-15T23:38:38 * Elevation: -1712.5 m * Campaign: (GEOTRACES GP11) * Basis: * Method/Device: (CTD-RO) * Comment: Ti-CTD

SO298_3-1 * Latitude: -1.139030 * Longitude: -82.454130 * Date/Time: 2023-04-16T08:33:51 * Elevation: -1480.2 m * Campaign: (GEOTRACES GP11) * Basis: * Method/Device: (CTD-RO) * Comment: SS-CTD

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event		Liguori, Bianca T P
2	Station label	Station		Liguori, Bianca T P
3	Sample code/label	Sample label		Liguori, Bianca T P
4	LATITUDE	Latitude		Liguori, Bianca T P		Geocode
5	LONGITUDE	Longitude		Liguori, Bianca T P		Geocode
6	DEPTH, water	Depth water	m	Liguori, Bianca T P		Geocode
7	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Liguori, Bianca T P		Geocode
8	Profile ID	Profile ID		Liguori, Bianca T P		CTD cast
9	Bottle number	Bottle		Liguori, Bianca T P		Niskin
10	Sample code/label	Sample label		Liguori, Bianca T P		Sampling System
11	Barium, dissolved	Ba diss	nmol/l	Liguori, Bianca T P	ICP-MS, Agilent 7500c
12	Quality flag	QF		Liguori, Bianca T P
13	δ138Ba	δ138Ba	‰	Liguori, Bianca T P		Method: Thermo Fisher Scientific TM Neptune Plus® Multi-Collector ICP-MS
14	δ138Ba, standard deviation	δ138Ba std dev	±	Liguori, Bianca T P		2SD
15	Number	No		Liguori, Bianca T P
16	Quality flag	QF		Liguori, Bianca T P
17	Barium, particulate	Ba part	pmol/l	Liguori, Bianca T P		Barium, total particulate; Method: Thermo Element XR ICP-MS coupled with a CETAC Aridus 2 desolvating nebulizer
18	Barium, labile particulate	Ba lab part	pmol/l	Liguori, Bianca T P		Method: Thermo Element XR ICP-MS coupled with a CETAC Aridus 2 desolvating nebulizer
19	Barium, particulate, refractory	Ba part refract	pmol/l	Liguori, Bianca T P		Method: Thermo Element XR ICP-MS coupled with a CETAC Aridus 2 desolvating nebulizer
20	Barium excess, particulate	Ba xs part	pmol/l	Liguori, Bianca T P
21	δ138Ba, particulate, refractory	δ138Ba part refract	‰	Liguori, Bianca T P		Method: Thermo Fisher Scientific TM Neptune Plus® Multi-Collector ICP-MS
22	δ138Ba, particulate, refractory, standard deviation	δ138Ba part refract std dev	±	Liguori, Bianca T P		2SD
23	Number	No		Liguori, Bianca T P
24	Quality flag	QF		Liguori, Bianca T P
25	Aluminium, particulate	Al part	nmol/l	Liguori, Bianca T P		Aluminium, total particulate; Method: Thermo Element XR ICP-MS coupled with a CETAC Aridus 2 desolvating nebulizer
26	Quality flag	QF		Liguori, Bianca T P
27	Aluminium, particulate	Al part	pmol/l	Liguori, Bianca T P		Aluminium, labile particulate; Method: Thermo Element XR ICP-MS coupled with a CETAC Aridus 2 desolvating nebulizer
28	Quality flag	QF		Liguori, Bianca T P
29	Aluminium, particulate	Al part	pmol/l	Liguori, Bianca T P		Aluminium, particulate refractory; Method: Thermo Element XR ICP-MS coupled with a CETAC Aridus 2 desolvating nebulizer
30	Quality flag	QF		Liguori, Bianca T P
31	Silicate	Si(OH)4	µmol/l	Liguori, Bianca T P	QuAAtro AutoAnalyzer	Si1; Method: QuAAtro AutoAnalyzer (Seal Analytical)
32	Silicate	Si(OH)4	µmol/l	Liguori, Bianca T P	QuAAtro AutoAnalyzer	Si2; Method: QuAAtro AutoAnalyzer (Seal Analytical)
33	Aluminium	Al	µmol/l	Liguori, Bianca T P		Al1, Method: Agilent Varian ICP-OES 700 ES
34	Aluminium	Al	µmol/l	Liguori, Bianca T P		Al2; Method: Agilent Varian ICP-OES 700 ES
35	Biogenic silica	bSiO2	nmol/l	Liguori, Bianca T P	QuAAtro AutoAnalyzer

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) (License comes into effect after moratorium ends)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

11046 data points

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