Citation:

PANGAEA.984094 (dataset in review)

Name: Measurements of sea surface temperatures and salinity in a large seawater basin - Experiment 2, no artificial wind (wind level 0), cooling unit set to 23 °C (same as the starting water temperature), and pumps turned on
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Evaporation; freshwater flux; mesocosm experiment; Sea surface salinity; Sea surface temperature; surface heat flux; wind forcing

Abstract:

We provide experimental data from a mesocosm study in a seawater basin (L: 8.5 m x W: 2.0 m x H: 0.8 m). Changes in sea surface temperature and salinity were investigated under different wind speeds, solar radiation levels, and turbulence conditions. Seven experiments were performed at the Sea sURface Facility (SURF; Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment; 53.5148 °N, 8.1463 °E) in late summer 2024. Each experiment generally lasted for 22h, running from 22:00 UTC to 20:00 UTC the following day. Four different wind conditions were applied: no wind (level 0), low wind (level 1), medium wind (level 2), and strong wind (level 3). The basin was equipped with a cooling unit, which was used to differentiate between two levels of turbulence: on (flow generated by pumps) and off (no flow). Water temperature control with a hysteresis of 1 °C was applied in some of the experiments. Various parameters were measured during the experiments. High-resolution temperature sensors captured temperatures at multiple depths at a specific location and distributed measurements across the basin. Conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sensors recorded the temperature and conductivity at various depths, enabling the calculation of absolute salinity using the thermodynamic equation of seawater 2010 (TEOS-10). Further measurements included air temperature and humidity at multiple positions over the basin, wind speed, wave height, incoming and reflected shortwave radiation, downward and upward longwave irradiance, and evaporation. To quantify turbulence, acoustic doppler velocimeters (ADV) were positioned at two depths (13 cm and 37 cm) to measure the three-dimensional velocity components. These data were used to calculate turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in 15-minute intervals. The dataset offers valuable insights into small-scale variations in sea surface temperature and salinity under changing heat flux conditions, focusing on latent and shortwave heat fluxes to enhance our understanding of their counteracting effects.

Keyword(s):

Evaporation; freshwater flux; mesocosm experiment; Sea surface salinity; Sea surface temperature; surface heat flux; wind forcing

Related to:

Gassen, Lisa; Esters, Leonie; Ribas-Ribas, Mariana; Wurl, Oliver (2024): Measurements of sea surface temperature and salinity in a large seawater basin under varying precipitation intensities and droplet characteristics [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.964902

Funding:

German Research Foundation (DFG), grant/award no. 510639210 : FreshOcean

Coverage:

Date/Time Start: 2024-08-28T22:30:00 * Date/Time End: 2024-08-29T20:00:00

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time		Jaeger, Leonie		Geocode
2	Type of study	Study type		Jaeger, Leonie
3	Experiment number	Exp no		Jaeger, Leonie		In total 7 experiments were conducted; see other experiments in the dataset bundle
4	Experimental condition	Exp condition		Jaeger, Leonie		Setting of the pumps for the cooling unit: 0 = off; 1 = on
5	Experimental condition	Exp condition		Jaeger, Leonie		Setting of the temp for the cooling unit; if empty no temp was set (no cooling or heating)
6	Wind, relative intensity	Wind intens		Jaeger, Leonie		0 = no wind; 1 = low wind; 2 = medium wind; 3 = strong wind
7	Treatment: Wind speed	T:ff	m/s	Jaeger, Leonie		Position: central in front of wind machine; height: 20 cm above water surface; distance: 3.7 m from wind machine
8	Temperature, air	TTT	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³ (TS_RBR)	Temp of air; 20 cm above surface
9	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³ (TS_RBR)	Temp at nominal depth of 0 cm
10	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³ (TS_RBR)	Temp at nominal depth of 1 cm
11	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³ (TS_RBR)	Temp at nominal depth of 4 cm
12	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³ (TS_RBR)	Temp at nominal depth of 6 cm
13	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³ (TS_RBR)	Temp at nominal depth of 10 cm
14	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³ (TS_RBR)	Temp at nominal depth of 15 cm
15	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³ (TS_RBR)	Temp at nominal depth of 30 cm
16	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³ (TS_RBR)	Temp at nominal depth of 60 cm
17	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³ (TS_RBR)	Temp at the edges of the tank: right side from wind flow; position in tank: close to wind machine; depth: 12 cm
18	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³ (TS_RBR)	Temp at the edges of the tank: right side from wind flow; position in tank: middle of the tank; depth: 11 cm
19	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³ (TS_RBR)	Temp at the edges of the tank: right side from wind flow; position in tank: far from the wind machine; depth: 11 cm
20	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Temperature Sensor, RBR Solo³ (TS_RBR)	Temp at the edges of the tank: left side from wind flow; position in tank: far from the wind machine; depth: 11 cm
21	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 28	CTD temp at nominal depth of 0 cm
22	Salinity, absolute	ASAL	g/kg	Jaeger, Leonie	CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 28	CTD abs sal at nominal depth of 0 cm
23	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 28	CTD temp at nominal depth of 1 cm
24	Salinity, absolute	ASAL	g/kg	Jaeger, Leonie	CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 28	CTD abs sal at nominal depth of 1 cm
25	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 28	CTD temp at nominal depth of 3 cm
26	Salinity, absolute	ASAL	g/kg	Jaeger, Leonie	CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 28	CTD abs sal at nominal depth of 3 cm
27	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 28	CTD temp at nominal depth of 6 cm
28	Salinity, absolute	ASAL	g/kg	Jaeger, Leonie	CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 28	CTD abs sal at nominal depth of 6 cm
29	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 300	CTD temp at nominal depth of 10 cm
30	Salinity, absolute	ASAL	g/kg	Jaeger, Leonie	CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 300	CTD abs sal at nominal depth of 10 cm
31	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 300	CTD temp at nominal depth of 15 cm
32	Salinity, absolute	ASAL	g/kg	Jaeger, Leonie	CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 300	CTD abs sal at nominal depth of 15 cm
33	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 300	CTD temp at nominal depth of 60 cm
34	Salinity, absolute	ASAL	g/kg	Jaeger, Leonie	CTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 300	CTD abs sal at nominal depth of 60 cm
35	Temperature, air	TTT	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Air temp at position: 40 cm height; distance from windmachine: medium (4m)
36	Humidity, relative	RH	%	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Rel hum at position: 40 cm height; distance from windmachine: medium (4m)
37	Dew/frost point	TdTdTd	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Dew point temp at position: 40 cm height; distance from windmachine: medium (4m)
38	Temperature, air	TTT	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Air temp at position: 80 cm height; distance from windmachine: medium (4m)
39	Humidity, relative	RH	%	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Rel hum at position: 80 cm height; distance from windmachine: medium (4m)
40	Dew/frost point	TdTdTd	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Dew point temp at position: 80 cm height; distance from windmachine: medium (4m)
41	Temperature, air	TTT	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Air temp at position: 140 cm height; distance from windmachine: medium (4m)
42	Humidity, relative	RH	%	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Rel hum at position: 140 cm height; distance from windmachine: medium (4m)
43	Dew/frost point	TdTdTd	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Dew point temp at position: 140 cm height; distance from windmachine: medium (4m)
44	Temperature, air	TTT	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Air temp at position: 40 cm height; distance from windmachine: far (7m)
45	Humidity, relative	RH	%	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Rel hum at position: 40 cm height; distance from windmachine: far (7m)
46	Dew/frost point	TdTdTd	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Dew point temp at position: 40 cm height; distance from windmachine: far (7m)
47	Temperature, air	TTT	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Air temp at position: 140 cm height; distance from windmachine: far (7m)
48	Humidity, relative	RH	%	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Rel hum at position: 140 cm height; distance from windmachine: far (7m)
49	Dew/frost point	TdTdTd	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Dew point temp at position: 140 cm height; distance from windmachine: far (7m)
50	Temperature, air	TTT	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Air temp at position: 20 cm height; distance from windmachine: medium (5m)
51	Humidity, relative	RH	%	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Rel hum at position: 20 cm height; distance from windmachine: medium (5m)
52	Dew/frost point	TdTdTd	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Dew point temp at position: 20 cm height; distance from windmachine: medium (5m)
53	Temperature, air	TTT	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Air temp outside the mesocosm
54	Humidity, relative	RH	%	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Rel hum outside the mesocosm
55	Dew/frost point	TdTdTd	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Weather station, Klimalogg Pro, TFA Dostmann	Dew point outside the mesocosm
56	Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation	SWD	W/m²	Jaeger, Leonie	Pyranometer, Hukseflux, SR20-D2	Incoming solar radiation with spectral range (0.3-3) x 10E-6 m
57	Short-wave upward (REFLEX) radiation	SWU	W/m²	Jaeger, Leonie	Pyranometer, Hukseflux, SR20-D2	Reflected solar radiation with spectral range (0.3-3) x 10E-6 m
58	Long-wave downward radiation	LWD	W/m²	Jaeger, Leonie	Pyrgeometer, Hukseflux, IR20	Downward longwave irradiance with spectral range (4.5-42) x 10E-6 m
59	Long-wave upward radiation	LWU	W/m²	Jaeger, Leonie	Pyrgeometer, Hukseflux, IR20	Upward longwave irradiance with spectral range (4.5-42) x 10E-6 m
60	Evaporation	Evapor	mm	Jaeger, Leonie	Evaporation Balance (EWP-1010-R), A-STER s.c.	Evaporation balance was placed 20 cm above the water surface
61	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Jaeger, Leonie	Evaporation Balance (EWP-1010-R), Pt100 sensor, A-STER s.c.	Water temp in the evaporation balance
62	Wave height, average	H(avg)	mm	Jaeger, Leonie	Sonic Wave Sensor XB, Ocean Sensor Systems, OSSI-010-035	Average wave height; calculated from the sonic wave sensor distances; mounted 20 cm above the surface at medium distance to wind machine
63	Velocity magnitude	Vel mag	m/s	Jaeger, Leonie	Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), Nortek Vector	Velocity component 1 at the surface (13 cm depths)
64	Velocity magnitude	Vel mag	m/s	Jaeger, Leonie	Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), Nortek Vector	Velocity component 2 at the surface (13 cm depths)
65	Velocity magnitude	Vel mag	m/s	Jaeger, Leonie	Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), Nortek Vector	Velocity component 3 at the surface (13 cm depths)
66	Turbulence kinetic energy	TKE	m²/s²	Jaeger, Leonie	Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), Nortek Vector	Calculated, at the surface (13 cm)
67	Velocity magnitude	Vel mag	m/s	Jaeger, Leonie	Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), Nortek Vector	Velocity component 1 in the bulk water (37 cm depths)
68	Velocity magnitude	Vel mag	m/s	Jaeger, Leonie	Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), Nortek Vector	Velocity component 2 in the bulk water(37 cm depths)
69	Velocity magnitude	Vel mag	m/s	Jaeger, Leonie	Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), Nortek Vector	Velocity component 3 in the bulk water (37 cm depths)
70	Turbulence kinetic energy	TKE	m²/s²	Jaeger, Leonie	Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), Nortek Vector	Calculated, in the bulk water (37 cm)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) (License comes into effect after moratorium ends)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

2938736 data points

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