Citation:

PANGAEA.983971 (dataset in review)

Name: Carbon system parameters in the Baltic Sea from 2003 to 2023 using IOW monitoring data
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Alkalinity; aragonite saturation state; Brackish waters; Calcite saturation state; inorganic carbon; pH

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Abstract:

The saturation status of calcium carbonate forms was calculated as part of the CDRmare RETAKE project effort to assess potentials and impacts for using alkalinity enhancement to enhance the capture of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Therefore, this data set is a compilation of carbonate system parameters measured during the monitoring cruises of the Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW) in the Baltic Sea from 2003 to 2023. Ancillary data was retrieved using the IOW's ODIN2 data tool accordingly. The following permanent link allows one to search and extract the data using our settings: https://odin2.io-warnemuende.de/957-0489-676. We paired the carbonate and ancillary (nutrient and hydrogen sulfide, H2S, data) data by selecting the respective cruise, station, timestamp, and depth. Next, we calculated the calcite and aragonite saturation state and other carbonate system parameters using the measured parameters always when two carbonate-system parameters were available. For these calculations, we used CO2SYS v.3.1.2 script for MATLAB (Sharp et al., 2023; van Heuven et al., 2011; Lewis and Wallace, 1998) with the following dissociation constants settings: K1 and K2 of Waters, Millero, & Woosley (2014), KSO4 of Dickson (1990), KF of Perez & Fraga (1987), and TB of Uppström (1979). Propagated uncertainty was calculated using the errors script for MATLAB CO2SYS of Orr et al. (2018) and applying the respective errors: total alkalinity (AT) = 4 µmol/kg, total inorganic dissolved carbon (CT) = 2 µmol/kg, pH = 0.005 (Total), phosphate (PO4) = 3.8%, silicate (SiO4) = 4.6%, and ammonium (NH4) = 9.2%. All carbonate system parameters are presented under 25°C and 0 atm conditions.

Keyword(s):

Alkalinity; aragonite saturation state; Brackish waters; Calcite saturation state; inorganic carbon; pH

References:

Carter, Brendan R; Radich, J Adam; Doyle, H L; Dickson, A G (2013): An automated system for spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements. Limnology and Oceanography-Methods, 11(1), 16-27, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2013.11.16

Dickson, Andrew G (1990): Standard potential of the reaction: , and and the standard acidity constant of the ion HSO4− in synthetic sea water from 273.15 to 318.15 K. Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics, 22(2), 113-127, https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(90)90074-Z

Dickson, Andrew G; Sabine, Christopher L; Christian, J R (2007): Guide to Best Practices for Ocean CO2 Measurements. PICES Special Publication, 3, 191 pp, hdl:10013/epic.51789.d001

Lewis, Ernie R; Wallace, Douglas WR (1998): Program Developed for CO2 System Calculations. Environmental System Science Data Infrastructure for a Virtual Ecosystem, https://doi.org/10.15485/1464255

Orr, James C; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Dickson, Andrew G; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2018): Routine uncertainty propagation for the marine carbon dioxide system. Marine Chemistry, 207, 84-107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2018.10.006

Perez, Fiz F; Fraga, F (1987): Association constant of fluoride and hydrogen ions in seawater. Marine Chemistry, 21(2), 161-168, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(87)90036-3

Sharp, Jonathan D; Pierrot, Denis; Humphreys, Matthew P; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Orr, James C; Lewis, Ernie R; Wallace, D W R (2023): CO2SYSv3 for MATLAB [software]. Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.3950562

Uppström, Leif R (1974): The boron/chlorinity ratio of deep-sea water from the Pacific Ocean. Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 21(2), 161-162, https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-7471(74)90074-6

van Heuven, Steven; Pierrot, Denis; Rae, James W B; Lewis, E; Wallace, Douglas WR (2011): MATLAB Program Developed for CO2 System Calculations. ORNL/CDIAC-105b. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, https://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/otg.CO2SYS_MATLAB_v1.1

Waters, J; Millero, Frank J; Woosley, Ryan J (2014): Corrigendum to "The free proton concentration scale for seawater pH", [MARCHE: 149 (2013) 8–22]. Marine Chemistry, 165, 66-67, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2014.07.004

Project(s):

DAM CDRmare - RETAKE: CO2 removal by alkalinity enhancement: potential, benefits and risks (RETAKE)

Research Mission of the German Marine Research Alliance (DAM): Marine carbon sinks in decarbonisation pathways (CDRmare)

Funding:

Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), grant/award no. 03F0895E : DAM CDRmare - RETAKE, IOW

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 57.015796 * Median Longitude: 19.106624 * South-bound Latitude: 54.924100 * West-bound Longitude: 13.498600 * North-bound Latitude: 58.001500 * East-bound Longitude: 20.140900

Date/Time Start: 2003-03-27T08:52:39 * Date/Time End: 2023-11-08T20:08:56

Minimum DEPTH, water: 0.438 m * Maximum DEPTH, water: 237.000 m

Event(s):

06GA413_TF0271 * Latitude: 57.320000 * Longitude: 20.050000 * Date/Time: 2004-02-16T09:34:27 * Location: Baltic Sea * Campaign: (11/04/01) * Basis: Gauss * Method/Device: (CTD-RO)

271_0050 * Latitude: 57.320000 * Longitude: 20.050000 * Date/Time: 2013-08-03T22:19:34 * Location: Baltic Sea * Campaign: * Basis: * Method/Device: (CTD-RO)

271/0041 * Latitude: 57.320000 * Longitude: 20.050000 * Date/Time: 2011-05-14T05:40:18 * Location: Baltic Sea * Campaign: (SeaDataNet 111a) * Basis: Deneb * Method/Device: (CTD-RO)

Comment:

Data originator: Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde, Germany

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event
2	Comment	Comment				optional event label
3	Cruise/expedition	Expedition
4	Station label	Station
5	LATITUDE	Latitude				Geocode
6	LONGITUDE	Longitude				Geocode
7	DEPTH, water	Depth water	m	Mohrholz, Volker		Geocode
8	DATE/TIME	Date/Time				Geocode
9	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Mohrholz, Volker
10	Salinity	Sal		Mohrholz, Volker		PSU
11	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Rehder, Gregor	Potentiometric titration, Marianda, VINDTA	SOP 3b, Dickson et al. (2007)
12	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Rehder, Gregor	Automated Infra Red Inorganic Carbon Analyzer (AIRICA), MARIANDA; with a LICOR detector (LI-7000 CO2/H2O Analyzer)	IR-detection of CO2 purged from acidified sample (SOP 2, Dickson et al., 2007)
13	pH, total scale	pHT		Rehder, Gregor	Spectrophotometer UV/VIS (Agilent 8453)	Spectrophotometric measurement (SOP 6b, Dickson et al., 2007) with a 10 cm cuvette and a Cavro syringe pump (Carter et al. 2013)
14	Silicate, dissolved	DSi(OH)4	mmol/m³	Waniek, Joanna J	Continuous flow analyzer (CFA), Alliance Instruments, FLOWSYS	Silicate molar concentration (SIO4-SI), dissolved component (Colorimetric determination as molybdenum blue)
15	Phosphate	[PO4]3-	mmol/m³	Waniek, Joanna J	Continuous flow analyzer (CFA), Alliance Instruments, FLOWSYS	Dissolved inorganic phosphate molar concentration (PO4-P), dissolved component (Colorimetric determination as molybdenum blue)
16	Ammonium	[NH4]+	mmol/m³	Waniek, Joanna J	Photometer, indophenole blue	Ammonium molar concentration (NH4-N), dissolved component (Colorimetric determination as indophenol blue). Device used until 2023: Spektralphotometer UV-mini 1240 (Shimadzu Deutschland GmbH). Device used since 2024: Spektralphotometer UV 1280 (Shimadzu Deutschland GmbH)
17	Hydrogen sulfide	H2S	mmol/m³	Waniek, Joanna J	Photospectrometer, methylene blue	Hydrogen sulphide content determined by photometric measurement (methylene blue). Device used until 2023: Spektralphotometer UV-mini 1240 (Shimadzu Deutschland GmbH). Device used since 2024: Spektralphotometer UV 1280 (Shimadzu Deutschland GmbH)
18	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure	pCO2	µatm	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from AT and DIC using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
19	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, uncertainty	pCO2 unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
20	pH, total scale	pHT		Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from AT and DIC using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
21	pH, total scale, uncertainty	pHT unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
22	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from AT and DIC using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
23	Calcite saturation state, uncertainty	Omega Cal unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
24	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from AT and DIC using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
25	Aragonite saturation state, uncertainty	Omega Arg unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
26	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from AT and DIC using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
27	Bicarbonate ion, uncertainty	[HCO3]- unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
28	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from AT and DIC using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
29	Carbonate ion, uncertainty	[CO3]2- unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
30	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from AT and DIC using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
31	Carbon dioxide, uncertainty	CO2 unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
32	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from AT and pH using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
33	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, uncertainty	DIC unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
34	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure	pCO2	µatm	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from AT and pH using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
35	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, uncertainty	pCO2 unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
36	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from AT and pH using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
37	Calcite saturation state, uncertainty	Omega Cal unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
38	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from AT and pH using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
39	Aragonite saturation state, uncertainty	Omega Arg unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
40	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from AT and pH using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
41	Bicarbonate ion, uncertainty	[HCO3]- unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
42	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from AT and pH using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
43	Carbonate ion, uncertainty	[CO3]2- unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
44	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from AT and pH using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
45	Carbon dioxide, uncertainty	CO2 unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
46	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from DIC and pH using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
47	Alkalinity, total, uncertainty	AT unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
48	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure	pCO2	µatm	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from DIC and pH using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
49	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, uncertainty	pCO2 unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
50	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from DIC and pH using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
51	Calcite saturation state, uncertainty	Omega Cal unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
52	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from DIC and pH using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
53	Aragonite saturation state, uncertainty	Omega Arg unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
54	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from DIC and pH using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
55	Bicarbonate ion, uncertainty	[HCO3]- unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
56	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from DIC and pH using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
57	Carbonate ion, uncertainty	[CO3]2- unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)
58	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Calculated from DIC and pH using CO2SYS v.3.1.2 (Sharp et al., 2023)
59	Carbon dioxide, uncertainty	CO2 unc	±	Lencina-Avila, Jannine M	Propagated uncertainty using MATLAB CO2SYS errors routine (Orr et al., 2018)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) (License comes into effect after moratorium ends)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

85285 data points

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