Novak, Joseph B; Prokopenko, Alexander A; Tarasov, Pavel E; Russell, James M; Lindemuth, Emma; Shichi, Koji; Kashiwaya, Kenji; Peck, John A; Vachula, Richard; Swann, George E A; Polissar, Pratigya J: Isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol dialkyl (iGDGT) distributions in Lake Baikal sediments [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.983537 (dataset in review), In: Novak, JB et al.: Paleotemperature and Vegetation Records from Lake Baikal, Russia, Over the Last 8.6 Million Years [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.986603 (dataset in review)
Abstract:
An 8.6-million-year record of isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol dialkyl (brGDGT) distributions from Lake Baikal, Russia. i-GDGTs are membrane spanning lipids produced by archaea in numerous growth media. The data archived here document shifts in iGDGT distributions and were not used to reconstruct temperature change.
Keyword(s):
References:
Auderset, Alexandra; Schmitt, Mareike; Martínez-García, Alfredo (2020): Simultaneous extraction and chromatographic separation of n-alkanes and alkenones from glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers via selective Accelerated Solvent Extraction. Organic Geochemistry, 143, 103979, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2020.103979
Hopmans, Ellen C; Schouten, Stefan; Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S (2016): The effect of improved chromatography on GDGT-based palaeoproxies. Organic Geochemistry, 93, 1-6, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2015.12.006
Huguet, Carme; Kim, Jung-Hyun; de Lange, Gert J; Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S; Schouten, Stefan (2009): Effects of long term oxic degradation on the , TEX86 and BIT organic proxies. Organic Geochemistry, 40(12), 1188-1194, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.09.003
Powers, Lindsay; Werne, Josef P; Vanderwoude, Andrea J; Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S; Hopmans, Ellen C; Schouten, Stefan (2010): Applicability and calibration of the TEX86 paleothermometer in lakes. Organic Geochemistry, 41(4), 404-413, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2009.11.009
Funding:
National Science Foundation (NSF), grant/award no. NNA 22-02918: Rainfall, Ecosystems, and Fire in Warm Late Neogene Climates of the Lake Baikal Region
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 53.590685 * Median Longitude: 108.287600 * South-bound Latitude: 53.444800 * West-bound Longitude: 108.155800 * North-bound Latitude: 53.667170 * East-bound Longitude: 108.361000
Date/Time Start: 1991-08-02T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1992-07-28T00:00:00
Minimum Elevation: -333.0 m * Maximum Elevation: -280.0 m
Event(s):
333-PC2 * Latitude: 53.653000 * Longitude: 108.155800 * Lake water depth: 390 m * Location: Lake Baikal/Academician Ridge * Method/Device: Piston corer (PC)
Comment:
Methods:
All sediments analyzed for biomarkers were freeze dried and weighed prior to homogenization.
Lipids were extracted by an accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) 350 using 2:1 dichloromethane: methanol (c.f. Auderset et al., 2020; Powers et al., 2010).
Oven temperature was set to 100°C, rinse volume to 150%, purge time to 120 seconds, heating time to 5 minutes, and with 4 10-minute static cycles.
Total lipid extracts were spiked with 100 µL of a general recovery standard (20.5 ng/µL 5α-androstane, 20.5 ng/µL stearyl stearate, 20.5 ng/µL 1,1'-binapthyl, 20.5 ng/µL cis-11-eicosenoic acid, 20.5 ng/µL 19-methyleicosenoic acid, 20.5 ng/µL C20:1 Δ11-eicosenol, and 20.5 ng/µL 5α-androstan-3β-ol), desulfurized by sequential addition of activated copper wire, and evaporated under N2 prior to elution on a 0.5 g dry-packed LC-NH2 column to separate neutral (4 mL 2:1 dichloromethane: isopropanol), acid (4 mL 4% acetic acid in diethyl ether), and polar (4 mL methanol) fractions.
Neutral and polar fractions were recombined and again dried under N2 prior to elution on a wet-packed silica gel (0.5 g, 60 Å, 70–230 mesh, Millipore) column with 3 mL hexanes (apolar / aliphatic), 4 mL dichloromethane (semi-polar / aromatic), and 4 mL methanol (polar / alcohols).
To further isolate GDGTs, the polar/alcohols (methanol) fraction was further eluted over alumina oxide (0.85 g, J.T. Baker, 0537-01) by elution of 4 mL 9:1 hexane: dichloromethane, 4 mL 1:1 dichloromethane: methanol (containing GDGTs), and 4 mL 100% methanol.
The 1:1 dichloromethane: methanol fraction was then dried over N2 and shipped to Brown University, where they were analyzed for GDGTs on an Agilent/Hewlett Packard 1100 series liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer (LC-MS) using two UHPLC columns (BEH HILIC columns, 2.1 x 150 mm, 1.7 μm, Waters) in series using the protocol of Hopmans et al. 2016.
Prior to analysis, samples were passed through a 0.45 μm filter and spiked with a known quantity of a C46 glycerol trialkyl glycerol tetraether (GTGT) internal standard.
Selective ion monitoring was used to measure m/z 1302, 1300, 1298, 1296, 1292, 1050, 1048, 1046, 1036, 1034, 1032, 1022, 1020, 1018, and 744.
Peak areas were quantified manually. Concentrations of individual GDGT molecules are reported in nanograms per gram of sediment (ng/g sed) assuming a 1:1 relationship between the response factor of the C46 GTGT and the individual brGDGTs (Huguet et al, 2006).
While this assumption may not capture the exact response factors of individual brGDGTs, it is sufficient for understanding the relative concentrations of different brGDGTs in this sample set.
Further funding information:
* PR 1414/1-1 Deutsche Forchungsgemeinshaft Priority Program "ICDP" 1006
* Geological Society of America Continental Drilling Science Division Graduate Student Grant 13282-21
* Sigma Xi Grants in Aid of Research G20211001-101
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Event label | Event | Novak, Joseph B | |||
| 2 | Latitude of event | Latitude | Novak, Joseph B | |||
| 3 | Longitude of event | Longitude | Novak, Joseph B | |||
| 4 | Sample ID | Sample ID | Novak, Joseph B | |||
| 5 | Site | Site | Novak, Joseph B | |||
| 6 | Section | Sect | Novak, Joseph B | |||
| 7 | Depth, section | Depth sect | cm | Novak, Joseph B | From | |
| 8 | Depth, section | Depth sect | cm | Novak, Joseph B | To | |
| 9 | Sample comment | Sample comment | Novak, Joseph B | |||
| 10 | AGE | Age | ka BP | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | Geocode |
| 11 | Age | Age | Ma | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | |
| 12 | Acyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether/Crenarchaeol ratio | GDGT-0/Cren | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | ||
| 13 | Tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms | TEX86 | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | ||
| 14 | Acyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, fractional abundance | GDGT-0 | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | ||
| 15 | Monocyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, fractional abundance | GDGT-1 | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | ||
| 16 | Dicyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, fractional abundance | GDGT-2 | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | ||
| 17 | Tricyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, fractional abundance | GDGT-3 | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | ||
| 18 | Crenarchaeol, fractional abundance | Cren | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | ||
| 19 | Crenarchaeol regio-isomer, fractional abundance | Cren' | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | ||
| 20 | Acyclic glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether, per unit sediment mass | GDGT-0/sed | ng/g | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment | |
| 21 | Crenarchaeol regio-isomer, per unit sediment mass | Cren'/sed | ng/g | Novak, Joseph B | See description in dataset comment |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0) (License comes into effect after moratorium ends)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
3378 data points
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