Citation:

PANGAEA.983084 (DOI registration in progress)

Name: Reproduction, intracapsular development and carryover effect of the Mediterranean gastropod after long-term exposure to low pH
Published: 2025-06-17
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Adriatic Sea; Intracaopuslar development; Laboratory experiment; ocean acidification; Parental exposure; Reproduction; Spawning

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Published: 2025-06-17

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Abstract:

Spawning performance, intracapsular development and carryover effect of the banded dye murex (Hexaplex trunculus) were investigated following long-term exposure (>250 days) to a range of pHs. Gastropods were collected in Bistrina Bay, part of the Mali Ston Bay in the Southeastern Adriatic Sea (42°52'19.1 N 17°42'02.3 E). Experiment was performed in Laboratory for Mariculture, University of Dubrovnik, located ion the Bistrina Bay. Details of the experiment setting and carbonate chemistry measurements are available in PANAGEA datasets Grđan et al. 2024 & Grđan et al. 2025. After 250 days of exposure marked females were separated into individual containers. Until the start of spawning, females were fed Mediterranean mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis. The start and duration of spawning were recorded for each female. The number of females spawning was recorded for each pH treatment. Immediately after spawning, ten randomly selected capsules from each spawn were measured with a digital caliper (precision 0.01 mm) for length (cl, mm), width (cw, mm) and thickness (ct, mm), with the length being the greatest distance between the basal membrane and the apex, width the greatest distance between lateral edges at right angles to length, and thickness the greatest distance from convex side to concave side at right angles to length and width (D'Asaro, 1986). Five capsules were carefully opened with a scalpel; eggs were emptied onto a microscope slide and counted under a stereo microscope (Olympus SZ40).

The method for monitoring intracapsular development was modified following previous studies by Vasconcelos et al. (2004), Lahbib et al. (2010), and Gűller and Lok (2014). Four days after spawning, a minimum of two capsules were carefully removed from each spawn. Fertilized eggs were emptied onto a microscope slide and photographed with a microscope digital camera (Olympus DP72) under a light microscope (Olympus BX51). The diameter of a minimum of 50 eggs from each capsule was measured with the software Fiji. To determine the stage of intracapsular embryonic development, random capsules were sampled a minimum of four times until hatching. The capsules were preserved in 4% solution of formaldehyde in seawater for further analysis. Each capsule was carefully opened with a scalpel and emptied onto a slide. The embryos were photographed under a light microscope and the length was measured using the Fiji software. The developmental stage was determined based on the characteristic structures. To evaluate the carryover effect of parental exposure on the embryos sensitivity to pH, spawns were transferred to different pHs following the scheme presented in Fig. 1. Spawns were selected based on their size and accessibility. After females completed the spawning, the selected spawns were carefully separated with a scalpel and cut in half. One-half of the spawn was returned to the pHT from which it had been removed, and the other half was placed in the designated pHT. At minimum four times over the course of the intracapsular development, two capsules were carefully removed from transplants and placed in 4% formaldehyde for further analysis (measurement of embryo size and developmental stages).

Carbonate Chemistry data were downloaded from the PANGAEA dataset (see Source). In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2024) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2024-02-26.

Keyword(s):

Adriatic Sea; Intracaopuslar development; Laboratory experiment; ocean acidification; Parental exposure; Reproduction; Spawning

Related to:

D'Asaro, C N: Egg capsules of eleven marine prosobranchs from Northwest Florida. Bulletin of Marine Science, 39(1), 76-91

Grđan, Sanja; Dupont, Sam; Glamuzina, Luka; Bratoš Cetinić, Ana (2024): Seawater carbonate chemistry and shell growth rate of Hexaplex trunculus, an important predatory gastropod in benthic communities of Mali Ston Bay [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.965891

Guler, Mehmet; Lok, Aynur (2019): Foraging behaviors of a Predatory Snail (Hexaplex trunculus) in Group-Attacking. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 19(5), 391-398, https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v19_5_04

Lahbib, Youssef; Abidli, Sami; Trigui El Menif, Najoua (2010): Laboratory Study of the Intracapsular Development and Juvenile Growth of the Banded Murex, Hexaplex trunculus. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 41(1), 18-34, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.2009.00310.x

Vasconcelos, Paulo; Gaspar, Miguel B; Joaquim, S; Matias, D; Castro, Margarida (2004): Spawning of Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) trunculus (Gastropoda: Muricidae) in the laboratory: description of spawning behaviour, egg masses, embryonic development, hatchling and juvenile growth rates. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 46(2-3), 125-138, https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2004.9652616

Source:

Grđan, Sanja; Dupont, Sam; Glamuzina, Luka; Cetinić, Ana Bratoš (2025): Banded dye murex, Hexaplex trunculus measurements of total weight, soft tissue weight and net calcification rate in males and females over the 310 day ocean acidification experiment [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.980753

Coverage:

Latitude: 42.871900 * Longitude: 17.700600

Date/Time Start: 2020-08-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2020-08-31T00:00:00

Event(s):

Bay_Bistrina * Latitude: 42.871900 * Longitude: 17.700600 * Date/Time Start: 2020-08-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2020-08-31T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type of study	Study type		Grđan, Sanja
2	Species, unique identification	Species UID		Grđan, Sanja
3	Treatment	Treat		Grđan, Sanja		pH,
4	Time in days	Time d	days	Grđan, Sanja		start of spawning denoted as Day 1
5	Individuals	Ind	#	Grđan, Sanja		n F spawning per day
6	Identification	ID		Grđan, Sanja		spawn from individual female identification (in each spawn they were marked from F1 - F10)
7	Time in days	Time d	days	Grđan, Sanja		duration of spawning in days
8	Capsule	Caps	#	Grđan, Sanja		per spawn
9	Length	l	mm	Grđan, Sanja		average capsule
10	Width	w	mm	Grđan, Sanja		average capsule
11	Thickness	Thick	mm	Grđan, Sanja		average capsule
12	Eggs	Eggs	#	Grđan, Sanja		per capsule
13	Time in days	Time d	days	Grđan, Sanja		post spawning when sampled
14	Length	l	µm	Grđan, Sanja		average development stage
15	Length	l	µm	Grđan, Sanja		minimal dev.stage measured
16	Length	l	µm	Grđan, Sanja		maximum dev. stage measured
17	Stage	Stage		Grđan, Sanja		indicative developmental stage when sampled
18	Length	l	µm	Grđan, Sanja		development stage
19	pH, NBS scale	pH NBS		Grđan, Sanja	Potentiometric	NBS scale
20	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Grđan, Sanja	Potentiometric	NBS scale
21	pH, total scale	pHT		Grđan, Sanja	Potentiometric	total scale
22	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Grđan, Sanja	Potentiometric	total scale
23	Salinity	Sal		Grđan, Sanja
24	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Grđan, Sanja
25	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Grđan, Sanja
26	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Grđan, Sanja
27	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Grđan, Sanja	Potentiometric titration
28	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Grđan, Sanja	Potentiometric titration
29	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Grđan, Sanja	Calculated using CO2SYS
30	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Grđan, Sanja	Calculated using CO2SYS
31	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Grđan, Sanja	Calculated using CO2SYS
32	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Grđan, Sanja	Calculated using CO2SYS
33	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Grđan, Sanja	Calculated using CO2SYS
34	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Grđan, Sanja	Calculated using CO2SYS
35	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
36	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
37	Carbon dioxide, standard deviation	CO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
38	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
39	Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation	fCO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
40	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
41	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
42	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
43	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
44	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
45	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
46	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
47	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
48	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
49	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
50	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
51	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

24575 data points

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