Todorovic, Sara; Linsley, Braddock K; Dissard, Delphine; Wu, Henry C (2025): Coral-based composite indices of sea surface temperature and salinity variability of the South Pacific Convergence Zone since 1848 [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.971484
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Published: 2025-05-07 • DOI registered: 2025-05-07
Abstract:
Coral-based proxy records from four long lived Porites sp. cores along the South Pacific Convergence Zone maximum precipitation diagonal axis (RO2 - Rotuma, 1F - Fiji, TNI2 - Tonga, 2R - Rarotonga) comprise the composite indices SPCZc(coral) describing the oceanographic variability of the region since 1848 CE to 1996 CE. SPCZc composite indices cover the geographic range from 12°29'S, 177°06'E (Rotuma) to 21°14'S, 159°49'W (Rarotonga). Data used in constructing the indices has been published previously (Linsley et al., 2000, 2004, 2008; Wu et al., 2013). Sub-annually resolved (8 to 12 samples per year) d18O, Sr/Ca and reconstructed d18Osw of all corals were monthly interpolated and averaged into composite indices, with calculated standard errors. Sr/Ca and d18Osw composite records were used to reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS), calibrated against regional composite extended reconstructed sea surface temperature (ERSST, Huang et al., 2017) and SSS data from Delcroix et al. (2011), with calculated Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) values. Composite indices extend only in the period of overlap with all four cores. This dataset provides sea surface temperature and salinity reconstructions from the South Pacific Convergence Zone extending the instrumental and gridded data products available.
Supplement to:
Todorovic, Sara; Linsley, Braddock K; Kuhnert, Henning; Dissard, Delphine; Menkes, C; Wu, Henry C (accepted): Expanded composite coral indices of South Pacific Convergence Zone oceanographic variability since 1848 C.E. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
Related to:
Todorovic, Sara; Wu, Henry C; Linsley, Braddock K; Kuhnert, Henning; Menkes, C; Isbjakowa, A; Dissard, Delphine (2024): Western Pacific Warm Pool Warming and Salinity Front Expansion Since 1821 Reconstructed From Paired Coral δ 18 O, Sr/Ca, and Reconstructed δ 18 O sw. Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 39(12), e2024PA004843, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024PA004843
Source:
Delcroix, Thierry; Alory, Gael; Cravatte, Sophie; Corrège, Thierry; McPhaden, Michael J (2011): A gridded sea surface salinity data set for the tropical Pacific with sample applications (1950–2008). Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 58(1), 38-48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2010.11.002
Huang, Boyin; Banzon, Viva F; Freeman, Eric; Lawrimore, Jay; Liu, Wei; Peterson, Thomas C; Smith, Thomas M; Thorne, Peter W; Woodruff, Scott D; Zhang, Huai-Min (2015): Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST), Version 4 [dataset]. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, https://doi.org/10.7289/V5KD1VVF
Huang, Boyin; Banzon, Viva F; Freeman, Eric; Lawrimore, Jay; Liu, Wei; Peterson, Thomas C; Smith, Thomas M; Thorne, Peter W; Woodruff, Scott D; Zhang, Huai-Min (2015): Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature Version 4 (ERSST.v4). Part I: Upgrades and Intercomparisons. Journal of Climate, 28(3), 911-930, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00006.1
References:
Linsley, Braddock K; Wellington, G M; Schrag, Daniel P (2000): Decadal Sea Surface Temperature Variability in the Subtropical South Pacific from 1726 to 1997 A.D. Science, 290(5494), 1145-1148, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5494.1145
Linsley, Braddock K; Wellington, G M; Schrag, Daniel P; Ren, M J; Salinger, A W; Tudhope, Alexander W (2004): Geochemical evidence from corals for changes in the amplitude and spatial pattern of South Pacific interdecadal climate variability over the last 300 years. Climate Dynamics, 22(1), 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-003-0364-y
Linsley, Braddock K; Zhang, Peipei; Kaplan, Alexey; Howe, Stephen S; Wellington, G M (2008): Interdecadal-decadal climate variability from multicoral oxygen isotope records in the South Pacific Convergence Zone region since 1650 A.D. Paleoceanography, 23(2), PA2219, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001539
Wu, Henry C; Linsley, Braddock K; Dassié, Emilie Pauline; Schiraldi, Benedetto; deMenocal, Peter B (2013): Oceanographic variability in the South Pacific Convergence Zone region over the last 210 years from multi-site coral Sr/Ca records. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 14(5), 1435-1453, https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GC004293
Project(s):
Funding:
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Bonn (BMBF), grant/award no. 57429626: Make Our Planet Great Again-Ocean acidification crisis and global warming observations from tropical corals
Coverage:
Median Latitude: -17.704028 * Median Longitude: -174.572917 * South-bound Latitude: -21.233333 * West-bound Longitude: 177.106944 * North-bound Latitude: -12.488056 * East-bound Longitude: -159.816667
Date/Time Start: 1997-04-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2004-11-22T00:00:00
Minimum DEPTH, water: 10.9 m * Maximum DEPTH, water: 10.9 m
Event(s):
Fiji_1F * Latitude: -16.816667 * Longitude: 179.233333 * Date/Time: 1997-04-01T00:00:00 * Elevation: -10.0 m * Location: South Pacific Convergence Zone * Method/Device: Diver-held corer (DHC)
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method/Device | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Number of cores | Cores | # | Todorovic, Sara | ||
| 2 | AGE | Age | ka BP | Todorovic, Sara | Calculated | Geocode |
| 3 | Age | Age | a AD/CE | Todorovic, Sara | Calculated | |
| 4 | Date | Date | Todorovic, Sara | Calculated | ||
| 5 | Depth, water, top/minimum | Depth water top | m | Todorovic, Sara | ||
| 6 | Depth, water, bottom/maximum | Depth water bot | m | Todorovic, Sara | ||
| 7 | DEPTH, water | Depth water | m | Todorovic, Sara | Calculated average/mean values | Geocode |
| 8 | Porites sp., δ18O | Porites sp. δ18O | ‰ PDB | Todorovic, Sara | Calculated | four coral core records, centered by removing the 1850-1995 mean |
| 9 | Porites sp., δ18O, standard error | Porites sp. δ18O std e | ± | Todorovic, Sara | Calculated standard error (SE) | |
| 10 | Porites sp., Strontium/Calcium ratio | Porites sp. Sr/Ca | mmol/mol | Todorovic, Sara | Calculated | four coral core records, centered by removing the 1850-1995 mean |
| 11 | Porites sp., Strontium/Calcium ratio, standard error | Porites sp. Sr/Ca std e | ± | Todorovic, Sara | Calculated standard error (SE) | |
| 12 | δ18O, seawater, reconstructed | δ18Osw | ‰ PDB | Todorovic, Sara | Calculated | four coral core records, centered by removing the 1850-1995 mean |
| 13 | δ18O, seawater, reconstructed, standard error | δ18Osw std e | ± | Todorovic, Sara | Calculated standard error (SE) | |
| 14 | Sea surface temperature, reconstructed, anomaly | SST reconst anom | °C | Todorovic, Sara | Calculated | four coral core records, centered by removing the 1850-1995 mean |
| 15 | Sea surface temperature, reconstructed, anomaly, standard error | SST reconst anom std e | ± | Todorovic, Sara | Calculated standard error (SE) | |
| 16 | Sea surface salinity, reconstructed, anomaly | SSS reconst anom | PSU | Todorovic, Sara | Calculated | four coral core records, centered by removing the 1850-1995 mean |
| 17 | Sea surface salinity, recontructed, anomaly, standard error | SSS reconst anom std e | ± | Todorovic, Sara | Calculated standard error (SE) |
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC) * Processing Level: PANGAEA data processing level 4 (ProcLevel4)
Size:
26670 data points
Download Data
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