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Añel, Juan Antonio; Gimeno, Luis; Cid Samamed, Antonio; Pérez-Souto, Celia; de la Torre, Laura; Valente, Maria Antónia; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso; Brugnara, Yuri; Antuña-Marrero, Juan Carlos (2024): Pre-industrial semiquantitative daily mean surface ozone data [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969259

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Abstract:
The dataset consists of semi-quantitative surface ozone (O3) observations and relative humidity observations for the same days and periods of the data series. The dataset files are in tabulated text format. The dataset consists of daily observations recovered from 19 observatories (listed in Tables 1 and 2). The daily observations consist of one daily observation from a 24-hour strip exposure between 3 PM of consecutive days or two daily observations from a 12-hour strip exposure from 9 AM to 9 PM and 9 PM until 9 AM the following day. The stations in this dataset show three different patterns in terms of temporal coverage. The first corresponds to the dataset from the Observatory Infante D. Luiz, the longest data series of semi-quantitative ozone observations known to date, which spans 50 years for daily data (1863 to 1913). The other two correspond to a set of stations that report seventeen years of continuous observations (from 1872 to 1888), and others cover a shorter period. For additional detail, see Añel et al. (2024). Only the Infante D. Luiz observatory reports O3 observations twice daily in the documentary sources. However, for other observatories, it is known that the only reported O3 value corresponds to the average of two daily measurements (as shown in Table 2).
The O3 observations were recovered and manually digitalized from the Annaes do Observatory Infante D. Luiz (AOIDL) published between 1863 and 1915 (Fradesso da Silveira, 1863; De Almeida, 1915). The O3 observations were part of the regular meteorological observations conducted at Portugal and former colonies network of meteorological observatories and outstations controlled by the Infante D. Luis Meteorological Observatory (Lisbon), created in 1853 (Raposo, 2017). The original dataset in the documentary sources consists of O3 observations from 23 observatories (four more than the ones listed in Table 1), for which monthly mean O3 observations are also available (Añel et al., 2024b). The observatories cover a geographical region between 42°N and 9°S in latitude and 27°W and 15°E in longitude. Fourteen observatories are located on the Iberian Peninsula, and five are in Africa. Three observatories are insular, two at the Azores islands and one at the Madeira Island. The O3 observations were conducted using the Schönbein test-paper method, also called "ozonoscope". It was based on the colour change of an indicator strip of blotting paper coated with starched potassium iodide. The paper strip was exposed to air between 8 and 24 hours and protected from solar radiation and rain. The method applied was from Berigny (1858), who defined the methodology, introducing a more precise chromatic scale that graduated from 1 to 21. However, the data reported in the Annaes do Observatory Infante D. Luiz were converted to the Schönbein scale of 1 -10 (Schönbein, 1850) before publication.
Supplement to:
Añel, Juan Antonio; Antuña-Marrero, Juan Carlos; Cid Samamed, Antonio; Pérez-Souto, Celia; de la Torre, Laura; Valente, Maria Antónia; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso; Gimeno, Luis (in prep.): 19th–20th century semi-quantitative surface ozone along subtropical Europa to tropical Africa Atlantic coasts.
Related to:
Añel, Juan Antonio; Gimeno, Luis; Cid Samamed, Antonio; Pérez-Souto, Celia; de la Torre, Laura; Valente, Maria Antónia; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso; Brugnara, Yuri; Antuña-Marrero, Juan Carlos (2024): Pre-industrial semiquantitative monthly mean surface ozone data [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969241
Bérigny, A (1858): Gamme chromatique pour l'ozonomètre (séance du 9 Mars 1858). Ann. Soc. Meteorol. Paris, 6, 25-29
De Almeida, J M (1915): Annaes do Observatorio do Infante D. Luiz, 1913. 51, 131 pp
Fradesso da Silveira, J H (1863): Annaes do Observatorio do Infante D. Luiz, 1856 a 1863. 1, 130 pp
Marenco, Alain; Gouget, Hervé; Nédélec, Philippe; Pagés, Jean-Pierre; Karcher, Fernande (1994): Evidence of a long‐term increase in tropospheric ozone from Pic du Midi data series: Consequences: Positive radiative forcing. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 99(D8), 16617-16632, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JD00021
Raposo, Pedro M P (2017): Meteorology, Timekeeping and "Scientific Occupation": Colonial Observatories in the Third Portuguese Empire1. Cahiers François Viète, (III-3), 139-168, https://doi.org/10.4000/cahierscfv.779
Schönbein, Christian F (1850): Ueber das Ozon. Journal fur Praktische Chemie-Leipzig, 51(1), 321-338, https://doi.org/10.1002/prac.18500510147
Further details:
Tables 1 and 2 of Pre-industrial Semiquantitative Surface Ozone Data
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 29.656316 * Median Longitude: -9.661053 * South-bound Latitude: -8.820000 * West-bound Longitude: -27.230000 * North-bound Latitude: 41.820000 * East-bound Longitude: 14.530000
Date/Time Start: 1863-12-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1913-11-12T00:00:00
Comment:
We acknowledge Stefan Brönnimann and Renate Varga (Auchmann) from the University of Bern and Ricardo Garcia Herrera from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid for helpful discussions and contributions in earlier stages of this research.
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
19 datasets

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Datasets listed in this bundled publication

  1. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative daily surface ozone observations from station Angra-do-Heroismo. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969243
  2. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative daily surface ozone observations from station Campo-Maior. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969244
  3. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative daily surface ozone observations from station Cidade-da-Praia. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969252
  4. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative daily surface ozone observations from station Evora. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969247
  5. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative daily surface ozone observations from station Funchal. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969245
  6. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative daily surface ozone observations from station Guarda. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969246
  7. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative daily surface ozone observations from station Infante-D-Luiz. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969249
  8. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative daily surface ozone observations from station Lagos. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969250
  9. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative daily surface ozone observations from station Loanda. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969260
  10. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative daily surface ozone observations from station Moncorvo. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969251
  11. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative daily surface ozone observations from station Montalegre. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969248
  12. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative daily surface ozone observations from station Ponta-Delgada. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969258
  13. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative daily surface ozone observations from station Porto. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969256
  14. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative daily surface ozone observations from station S.-Salvador-do-Congo. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969254
  15. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative daily surface ozone observations from station S.-Thome. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969261
  16. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative daily surface ozone observations from station S.-Vicente. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969262
  17. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative daily surface ozone observations from station Serra-da-Estrella. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969253
  18. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative daily surface ozone observations from station Villa-Fernando. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969257
  19. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative daily surface ozone observations from station Vizeu. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969255