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Añel, Juan Antonio; Gimeno, Luis; Cid Samamed, Antonio; Pérez-Souto, Celia; de la Torre, Laura; Valente, Maria Antónia; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso; Brugnara, Yuri; Antuña-Marrero, Juan Carlos (2024): Pre-industrial semiquantitative monthly mean surface ozone data [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969241

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Abstract:
The dataset consists of semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone (O3) and relative humidity data for the same months and periods of the ozone data series, tabulated in text format. The data is provided from 23 observatories (listed in Tables 1 and 2). The reported monthly mean values originate in daily observations, from a 24-hour strip exposure between 3 PM of consecutive days or two daily observations from a 12-hour strip exposure from 9 AM to 9 PM and 9 PM until 9 AM the following day. The first observations reported correspond to the dataset from the Observatory Infante D. Luiz, the longest data series of semi-quantitative ozone observations known to date, which spans 58 years for monthly data (1855 to 1913); see Añel et al. (2024). The daily observations corresponding to the reported monthly values are available from Añel et al. (2024b). We note that the reported monthly values come from independent tables in the documentary sources, not computed from the mentioned daily values.
The O3 observations were recovered and manually digitalized from the Annaes do Observatory Infante D. Luiz (AOIDL), published between 1863 and 1915 (Fradesso da Silveira, 1863; De Almeida, 1915). The O3 observations were part of the regular meteorological observations conducted at Portugal and former colonies network of meteorological observatories and outstations controlled by the Infante D. Luiz Meteorological Observatory (Lisbon), created in 1857 (Raposo, 2017). The observatories cover a geographical region between 42°N and 9°S in latitude and 27°W and 15°E in longitude. Eighteen are located on the Iberian Peninsula, and five are in Africa. Three observatories are insular, two at the Azores islands and one at the Madeira Island. The O3 observations were conducted using the Schönbein test-paper method, also called "ozonoscope". It was based on the colour change of an indicator strip of blotting paper coated with starched potassium iodide. The paper strip was exposed to air between 8 and 24 hours and protected from solar radiation and rain. The method applied was from Berigny (1858), who defined the methodology, introducing a more precise chromatic scale that graduated from 1 to 21. However, the data reported in the AOIDL were converted to the Schönbein scale of 1-10 (Schönbein, 1850) before publication. Also, the data reported for the Infante D. Luiz Meteorological Observatory contain three different average values: the monthly average for the observations at 9 AM, for the observations at 9 PM, and the monthly mean of both times.
Supplement to:
Añel, Juan Antonio; Antuña-Marrero, Juan Carlos; Cid Samamed, Antonio; Pérez-Souto, Celia; de la Torre, Laura; Valente, Maria Antónia; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso; Gimeno, Luis (in prep.): 19th–20th century semi-quantitative surface ozone along subtropical Europa to tropical Africa Atlantic coasts.
Related to:
Añel, Juan Antonio; Gimeno, Luis; Cid Samamed, Antonio; Pérez-Souto, Celia; de la Torre, Laura; Valente, Maria Antónia; Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso; Brugnara, Yuri; Antuña-Marrero, Juan Carlos (2024): Pre-industrial semiquantitative daily mean surface ozone data [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969259
Bérigny, A (1858): Gamme chromatique pour l'ozonomètre (séance du 9 Mars 1858). Ann. Soc. Meteorol. Paris, 6, 25-29
De Almeida, J M (1915): Annaes do Observatorio do Infante D. Luiz, 1913. 51, 131 pp
Fradesso da Silveira, J H (1863): Annaes do Observatorio do Infante D. Luiz, 1856 a 1863. 1, 130 pp
Marenco, Alain; Gouget, Hervé; Nédélec, Philippe; Pagés, Jean-Pierre; Karcher, Fernande (1994): Evidence of a long‐term increase in tropospheric ozone from Pic du Midi data series: Consequences: Positive radiative forcing. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 99(D8), 16617-16632, https://doi.org/10.1029/94JD00021
Raposo, Pedro M P (2017): Meteorology, Timekeeping and "Scientific Occupation": Colonial Observatories in the Third Portuguese Empire1. Cahiers François Viète, (III-3), 139-168, https://doi.org/10.4000/cahierscfv.779
Schönbein, Christian F (1850): Ueber das Ozon. Journal fur Praktische Chemie-Leipzig, 51(1), 321-338, https://doi.org/10.1002/prac.18500510147
Further details:
Tables 1 and 2 of Pre-industrial Semiquantitative Surface Ozone Data
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 31.221304 * Median Longitude: -9.372609 * South-bound Latitude: -8.820000 * West-bound Longitude: -27.230000 * North-bound Latitude: 41.820000 * East-bound Longitude: 14.530000
Date/Time Start: 1855-12-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1913-10-01T00:00:00
Comment:
We acknowledge Stefan Brönnimann and Renate Varga (Auchmann) from the University of Bern and Ricardo Garcia Herrera from the Universidad Complutense de Madrid for helpful discussions and contributions in earlier stages of this research
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
23 datasets

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Datasets listed in this bundled publication

  1. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative surface ozone observations from station Alcanhoes. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969057
  2. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone observations from station Angra-do-Heroismo. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969225
  3. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone observations from station Beja. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969228
  4. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone observations from station Campo-Maior. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969229
  5. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone observations from station Cidade-da-Praia. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969230
  6. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone observations from station Evora. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969231
  7. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone observations from station Faro. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969232
  8. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone observations from station Funchal. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969233
  9. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone observations from station Guarda. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969234
  10. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone observations from station Infante-D-Luiz. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969240
  11. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone observations from station Lagos. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969235
  12. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone observations from station Loanda. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969236
  13. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone observations from station Moncorvo. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969237
  14. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone observations from station Montalegre. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969238
  15. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative surface ozone observations from station Ponta-Delgada. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969218
  16. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone observations from station Porto. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969221
  17. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone observations from station S.-Fiel. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969222
  18. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative surface ozone observations from station S.-Salvador-do-Congo. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969220
  19. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone observations from station S.-Thome. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969223
  20. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative surface ozone observations from station S.-Vicente. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969219
  21. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone observations from station Serra-da-Estrella. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969224
  22. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone observations from station Villa-Fernando. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969227
  23. Añel, JA; Gimeno, L; Cid Samamed, A et al. (2024): Semi-quantitative monthly mean surface ozone observations from station Vizeu. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.969226