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Jaeger, Leonie; Ayim, Samuel M; Gassen, Lisa; Holthusen, Lina Aleke; Lagemann, Mitja; Lehners, Carola; Ribas-Ribas, Mariana; Wurl, Oliver (2024): High-resolution measurements of essential climate variables in the North Sea from the autonomous surface vehicle HALOBATES during a research cruise with RV Senckenberg (September 2022) [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.968959 (DOI registration in progress)

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Abstract:
During the RV Senckenberg cruise in the German Bight near Helgoland, the autonomous research catamaran HALOBATES collected data on Essential Climate Variables (ECV), including sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity (SSS) and meteorological variables. The catamaran recorded SST and SSS at seven depths. Measurements covered the near-surface layer (NSL) from 30 to 100 cm with a high vertical resolution of approximately 10 cm and the first millimeter of the ocean, the sea-surface microlayer (SML), also known as the ocean's skin layer. Conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) sensors measured temperature and conductivity via a flow-through system on HALOBATES. Additional temperature sensors were mounted below the catamaran to measure the water temperature in situ at six depths in the NSL. Salinity was corrected with reference data from discrete samples, and biases between the sensors were removed for salinity and temperature, respectively. Two weather stations on the catamaran recorded relevant meteorological variables such as wind speed, wind direction, air temperature, humidity, and solar radiation. Additional meteorological sensors (optical laser disdrometer and two pyrgeometers) were mounted on RV Senckenberg, monitoring precipitation and incoming and outgoing longwave irradiance. The dataset consists of two HALOBATES operations conducted on 21 and 22 September 2022.
Keyword(s):
air-sea interface; autonomous surface vehicle; North Sea; sea-surface microlayer; Sea surface salinity; Sea surface temperature
Funding:
German Research Foundation (DFG), grant/award no. 451574234: FOR 5267 - Biogeochemical processes and Air-sea exchange in the Sea-Surface microlayer (BASS)
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 54.182119 * Median Longitude: 7.833081 * South-bound Latitude: 54.118700 * West-bound Longitude: 7.668800 * North-bound Latitude: 54.251700 * East-bound Longitude: 7.988000
Date/Time Start: 2022-09-21T08:08:00 * Date/Time End: 2022-09-22T13:38:00
Event(s):
SE202209-2_01-02 * Latitude Start: 54.193300 * Longitude Start: 7.719500 * Latitude End: 54.251700 * Longitude End: 7.671800 * Date/Time Start: 2022-09-21T08:08:00 * Date/Time End: 2022-09-21T13:52:00 * Campaign: Senckenberg_09_2022 * Basis: Senckenberg * Method/Device: CATAMARAN (CATM)
SE202209-2_03-04 * Latitude Start: 54.118700 * Longitude Start: 7.908300 * Latitude End: 54.161000 * Longitude End: 7.955300 * Date/Time Start: 2022-09-22T07:24:00 * Date/Time End: 2022-09-22T13:38:00 * Campaign: Senckenberg_09_2022 * Basis: Senckenberg * Method/Device: CATAMARAN (CATM)
Comment:
Quality Flag: Name - Implication
0: Unknown - No information on data quality
1: Good data - Certainly good data point
2: Probably good data - Likely good data
3: Questionable data - Data point needs extra attention
4: Bad Data - Do not use
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1Event labelEventGassen, Lisa
2DATE/TIMEDate/TimeGassen, LisaGeocode
3LATITUDELatitudeGassen, LisaGeocode
4LONGITUDELongitudeGassen, LisaGeocode
5Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaGassen, LisaWeather station, Campbell Scientific, METSENS550
6Humidity, relativeRH%Gassen, LisaWeather station, Campbell Scientific, METSENS550
7Temperature, airTTT°CGassen, LisaWeather station, Campbell Scientific, METSENS550
8Dew/frost pointTdTdTd°CGassen, LisaWeather station, Campbell Scientific, METSENS550
9Wind speedffm/sGassen, LisaWeather station, Campbell Scientific, METSENS550
10Wind direction, trueWindDirTrudegGassen, LisaWeather station, Campbell Scientific, METSENS550
11Ultraviolet-a globalUV-a globalW/m2Gassen, LisaUV-A sensor, Apogee Instruments, SU-200-SS Series
12Temperature, technicalT tech°CGassen, LisaUV-A sensor, Apogee Instruments, SU-200-SS Seriespanel temperature
13Temperature, waterTemp°CAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at the SML (depth = 0)
14ConductivityCondmS/cmAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at the SML (depth = 0)
15SalinitySalAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at the SML (depth = 0)
16Salinity, absoluteASALg/kgAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at the SML (depth = 0)
17Temperature, waterTemp°CAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 30 cm depth
18ConductivityCondmS/cmAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 30 cm depth
19SalinitySalAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 30 cm depth
20Salinity, absoluteASALg/kgAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 30 cm depth
21Temperature, waterTemp°CAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 40 cm depth
22ConductivityCondmS/cmAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 40 cm depth
23SalinitySalAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 40 cm depth
24Salinity, absoluteASALg/kgAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 40 cm depth
25Temperature, waterTemp°CAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 55 cm depth
26ConductivityCondmS/cmAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 55 cm depth
27SalinitySalAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 55 cm depth
28Salinity, absoluteASALg/kgAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 55 cm depth
29Temperature, waterTemp°CAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 60 cm depth
30Temperature, waterTemp°CAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 85 cm depth
31ConductivityCondmS/cmAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 85 cm depth
32SalinitySalAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 85 cm depth
33Salinity, absoluteASALg/kgAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 85 cm depth
34Temperature, waterTemp°CAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 100 cm depth
35ConductivityCondmS/cmAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 100 cm depth
36SalinitySalAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 100 cm depth
37Salinity, absoluteASALg/kgAyim, Samuel MCTD, Idronaut, Ocean Seven 310at 100 cm depth
38Temperature, waterTemp°CGassen, LisaTemperature Sensor, RBR Solo³at 30 cm depth
39Temperature, waterTemp°CGassen, LisaTemperature Sensor, RBR Solo³at 40 cm depth
40Temperature, waterTemp°CGassen, LisaTemperature Sensor, RBR Solo³at 50 cm depth
41Temperature, waterTemp°CGassen, LisaTemperature Sensor, RBR Solo³at 60 cm depth
42Temperature, waterTemp°CGassen, LisaTemperature Sensor, RBR Solo³at 85 cm depth
43Temperature, waterTemp°CGassen, LisaT.D, RBR, RBRduet³at 100 cm depth
44Pressure, waterPressdbarGassen, LisaT.D, RBR, RBRduet³at 100 cm depth
45Long-wave downward radiationLWDW/m2Jaeger, LeoniePyrgeometer, Hukseflux, IR20mounted on the ship
46Long-wave upward radiationLWUW/m2Jaeger, LeoniePyrgeometer, Hukseflux, IR20mounted on the ship
47Long-wave net radiationLW netW/m2Jaeger, LeonieCalculatedmounted on the ship
48Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiationSWDW/m2Gassen, LisaPyranometer, Kipp & Zonen, SMP6at a height of 200 cm above the sea surface
49Temperature, technicalT tech°CGassen, LisaPyranometer, Kipp & Zonen, SMP6at a height of 200 cm above the sea surface
50Temperature, airTTT°CGassen, LisaHygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Climasensor 2, at a height of 150 cm above the sea surface, average
51Humidity, relativeRH%Gassen, LisaHygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Climasensor 2, at a height of 150 cm above the sea surface, average
52Dew/frost pointTdTdTd°CGassen, LisaHygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Climasensor 2, at a height of 150 cm above the sea surface, average
53Temperature, airTTT°CGassen, LisaHygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Climasensor 3, at a height of 50 cm above the sea surface, average
54Humidity, relativeRH%Gassen, LisaHygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Climasensor 3, at a height of 50 cm above the sea surface, average
55Dew/frost pointTdTdTd°CGassen, LisaHygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Climasensor 3, at a height of 50 cm above the sea surface, average
56Temperature, airTTT°CGassen, LisaHygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Climasensor 4, at a height of 100 cm above the sea surface, average
57Humidity, relativeRH%Gassen, LisaHygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Climasensor 4, at a height of 100 cm above the sea surface, average
58Dew/frost pointTdTdTd°CGassen, LisaHygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Climasensor 4, at a height of 100 cm above the sea surface, average
59Temperature, airTTT°CGassen, LisaHygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Climasensor 5, at a height of 200 cm above the sea surface, average
60Humidity, relativeRH%Gassen, LisaHygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Climasensor 5, at a height of 200 cm above the sea surface, average
61Dew/frost pointTdTdTd°CGassen, LisaHygro-Thermo-Transmitter-compact, RS485, Thies Climasensor 5, at a height of 200 cm above the sea surface, average
62Wind speedffm/sGassen, LisaWeather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS)CUS, at a height of 200 cm above the sea surface, average
63Wind directiondddegGassen, LisaWeather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS)CUS, at a height of 200 cm above the sea surface, average
64Temperature, airTTT°CGassen, LisaWeather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS)CUS, at a height of 200 cm above the sea surface, average
65Humidity, relativeRH%Gassen, LisaWeather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS)CUS, at a height of 200 cm above the sea surface, average
66Pressure, atmosphericPPPPhPaGassen, LisaWeather station, Thies Clima, Climate Sensor US (CUS)CUS, at a height of 200 cm above the sea surface, average
67PrecipitationPrecipmm/hGassen, LisaOptical Laser-based distrometer, Thies Clima, 5.4110.xx.x00mounted on the ship
68Quality flagQFGassen, LisaCampbell_Air_Temperature
69Quality flagQFGassen, LisaCampbell_Panel_Temperature
70Quality flagQFGassen, LisaCTD_Conductivity_SML
71Quality flagQFGassen, LisaCTD_Temperature_SML
72Quality flagQFGassen, LisaCTD_Conductivity_30cm
73Quality flagQFGassen, LisaCTD_Temperature_30cm
74Quality flagQFGassen, LisaCTD_Conductivity_40cm
75Quality flagQFGassen, LisaCTD_Temperature_40cm
76Quality flagQFGassen, LisaCTD_Conductivity_55cm
77Quality flagQFGassen, LisaCTD_Temperature_55cm
78Quality flagQFGassen, LisaCTD_Temperature_60cm
79Quality flagQFGassen, LisaCTD_Conductivity_85cm
80Quality flagQFGassen, LisaCTD_Temperature_85cm
81Quality flagQFGassen, LisaCTD_Conductivity_100cm
82Quality flagQFGassen, LisaCTD_Temperature_100cm
83Quality flagQFGassen, LisaRBR_Temperature_30cm
84Quality flagQFGassen, LisaRBR_Temperature_40cm
85Quality flagQFGassen, LisaRBR_Temperature_55cm
86Quality flagQFGassen, LisaRBR_Temperature_60cm
87Quality flagQFGassen, LisaRBR_Temperature_85cm
88Quality flagQFGassen, LisaRBR_Temperature_100cm
89Quality flagQFGassen, LisaThies_Temperature_SMP6_AVG
90Quality flagQFGassen, LisaThies_Temperature_2_AVG
91Quality flagQFGassen, LisaThies_Temperature_3_AVG
92Quality flagQFGassen, LisaThies_Temperature_4_AVG
93Quality flagQFGassen, LisaThies_Temperature_5_AVG
94Quality flagQFGassen, LisaThies_Temperature_CUS_AVG
95Quality flagQFGassen, LisaThies_Relative_Humidity_2_AVG
96Quality flagQFGassen, LisaThies_Relative_Humidity_3_AVG
97Quality flagQFGassen, LisaThies_Relative_Humidity_4_AVG
98Quality flagQFGassen, LisaThies_Relative_Humidity_5_AVG
99Quality flagQFGassen, LisaThies_Relative_Humidity_CUS_AVG
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
1856277 data points

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