Boike, Julia; Grünberg, Inge; Miesner, Frederieke; Bornemann, Niko; Bolshiyanov, Dimitry Yu; Grigoriev, Mikhail N: Comprehensive snow, soil, and climate data from central Samoylov Island, Lena River Delta, Siberia (2012 -2021) [dataset bundled publication]. PANGAEA, https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.967748 (dataset in review)

The Arctic is changing rapidly as strong air temperature warming induces a multitude of feedback mechanisms including changes in the snow cover and warming and thawing of permafrost soils. Due to the high interannual variability, multi-year datasets are needed to asses the complex interaction between climate and soil variables. However, such data series are scarce in the Arctic and some areas such as North-east Siberia are widely understudied. Here we present a comprehensive dataset covering time series of 2012 to 2021 of snow, climate, and soil variables at the center of Samoylov Island, Lena River Delta, Siberia (72.3742°N, 126.4959°E). In addition, we present soil parameters measured in soil and pore water samples of two soil pits excavated in 2012. All data covers the spatial variability of a polygonal tundra landscape with elevated dry rims and lower inundated polygon centers. Specifically, our snow time series include snow depth at 10 locations across this elevation and moisture gradient, snow temperature at 12 heights up to 50cm, snow density at 3 heights averaging over the landscape gradient, and snow surface temperature at 4 locations. Auxiliary measurements at the snow station include a soil temperature profile with 8 sensors down to 100cm depth and air temperature at 80cm height. The soil measurements were installed at a second wet-centered polygon about 16m east of the snow measurements. The time series include in total 16 soil temperature measurements distributed between polygon rim and center at depths down to 1m, 4 ground heat flux series, two water level measurements in wells, 9 time series of soil moisture and the associated dielectricity, and 4 time series of soil thermal properties (thermal conductivity and heat capacity). Auxiliary measurements at the soil station include air temperature at 70cm height, 4 component radiation at polygon rim and center, snow depth, and snow dielectricity at two heights. The soil parameters were measured at the rim and center soil pits before the sensors were installed. Frozen soil samples were analyzed for methane concentration, bulk density, volumetric water content, age, total carbon, total nitrogen, total organic carbon, grain size distribution, ammonium, nitrate, soil color, pH, conductivity, and ignition loss. Pore water samples were analyzed for dissolved organic carbon, pH, conductivity, anions, cations, bicarbonate, and water isotopes. The three datasets include comprehensive metadata and are suitable for integration in physically based climate and permafrost models.