Citation:

PANGAEA.946154

Name: Late Pleistocene δ¹¹B based carbon dioxide levels from ODP Site 154-926
Published: 2023-01-08
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: boron isotopes; CO2; Late Miocene; Trilobatus sacculifer

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Abstract:

Earth's climate cooled markedly during the Late Miocene from 12 to 5 million years ago, with far-reaching consequences for global ecosystems. However, the driving forces of these changes remain controversial. A major obstacle to progress is the uncertainty over the role played by greenhouse gas radiative forcing. Here we present boron isotope compositions for planktonic foraminifera, which record carbon dioxide change for the interval of most rapid cooling, the Late Miocene Cooling event between 7 and 5 Ma. Our record suggests that CO₂ declined by some 100 ppm over this two-million year-long interval to a minimum at approximately 5.9 Ma. Having accounted non-CO₂ greenhouse gasses and slow climate feedbacks, we estimate global mean surface temperature change for a doubling of CO₂ - Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity - to be 3.9˚C (1.8–6.7 ˚C at 95% confidence) based on comparison of our record of radiative forcing from CO₂ with a record of global mean surface temperature change. We conclude that changes in CO₂ and climate were closely coupled during the latest Miocene and that Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity was within range of estimates for the late Pleistocene, other intervals of the Cenozoic, and the 21st century as presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Keyword(s):

boron isotopes; CO2; Late Miocene; Trilobatus sacculifer

Related to:

Brown, Rachel Mary; Chalk, Thomas B; Crocker, Anya J; Wilson, Paul A; Foster, Gavin L (2022): Late Miocene cooling coupled to carbon dioxide with Pleistocene-like climate sensitivity. Nature Geoscience, 15(8), 664-670, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00982-7

Coverage:

Median Latitude: 3.719020 * Median Longitude: -42.908300 * South-bound Latitude: 3.718830 * West-bound Longitude: -42.908400 * North-bound Latitude: 3.719130 * East-bound Longitude: -42.908100

Date/Time Start: 1994-02-19T11:30:00 * Date/Time End: 1994-02-27T16:00:00

Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 135.235 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 172.525 m

Event(s):

154-926A * Latitude: 3.719100 * Longitude: -42.908100 * Date/Time Start: 1994-02-19T11:30:00 * Date/Time End: 1994-02-21T10:30:00 * Elevation: -3610.0 m * Penetration: 327 m * Recovery: 334.92 m * Location: South Atlantic Ocean * Campaign: * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 35 cores; 327 m cored; 0 m drilled; 102.4 % recovery

154-926B * Latitude: 3.719130 * Longitude: -42.908400 * Date/Time Start: 1994-02-21T10:30:00 * Date/Time End: 1994-02-25T19:00:00 * Elevation: -3610.0 m * Penetration: 605.8 m * Recovery: 593.25 m * Location: South Atlantic Ocean * Campaign: * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 64 cores; 605.8 m cored; 0 m drilled; 97.9 % recovery

154-926C * Latitude: 3.718830 * Longitude: -42.908400 * Date/Time Start: 1994-02-25T19:00:00 * Date/Time End: 1994-02-27T16:00:00 * Elevation: -3610.0 m * Penetration: 398.3 m * Recovery: 394.21 m * Location: South Atlantic Ocean * Campaign: * Basis: Joides Resolution * Method/Device: Drilling/drill rig (DRILL) * Comment: 42 cores; 397.8 m cored; 0 m drilled; 99.1 % recovery

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Event label	Event		Brown, Rachel Mary
2	Date/Time of event	Date/Time		Brown, Rachel Mary
3	Latitude of event	Latitude		Brown, Rachel Mary
4	Longitude of event	Longitude		Brown, Rachel Mary
5	Sample code/label	Sample label		Brown, Rachel Mary
6	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m	Brown, Rachel Mary		Geocode – mbsf
7	Depth, composite	Depth comp	mcd	Brown, Rachel Mary
8	AGE	Age	ka BP	Brown, Rachel Mary		Geocode
9	Cibicides wuellerstorfi, δ18O	C. wuellerstorfi δ18O	‰ PDB	Brown, Rachel Mary
10	Cibicides wuellerstorfi, δ13C	C. wuellerstorfi δ13C	‰ PDB	Brown, Rachel Mary
11	Globigerinoides ruber, Magnesium/Calcium ratio	G. ruber Mg/Ca	mmol/mol	Brown, Rachel Mary	Inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)	300-355 mm
12	Globigerinoides ruber, Magnesium/Calcium ratio	G. ruber Mg/Ca	mmol/mol	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated according to Lear et al. (2015)
13	Globigerinoides ruber, Boron/Calcium ratio	G. ruber B/Ca	mmol/mol	Brown, Rachel Mary	Inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)	300-355 mm
14	Globigerinoides ruber, Aluminium/Calcium ratio	G. ruber Al/Ca	mmol/mol	Brown, Rachel Mary	Inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)	300-355 mm
15	Sea surface temperature	SST	°C	Brown, Rachel Mary		Sea surface temperature used in subsequent calculations determined from measured Mg/Ca
16	Sea surface temperature, uncertainty	SST unc	±	Brown, Rachel Mary		1 sigma
17	Globigerinoides ruber, δ11B	G. ruber δ11B	‰ SRM	Brown, Rachel Mary	Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS)	1st δ¹¹B measurement of G. ruber (300-355 mm) as described in Methods
18	Globigerinoides ruber, δ11B, uncertainty	G. ruber δ11B unc	±	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated, see reference(s)	1st δ¹¹B measurement determined using equation [1] in Methods based on repeat measurements of in-house standard (see Methods for more details). 2 sigma.
19	Globigerinoides ruber, δ11B	G. ruber δ11B	‰ SRM	Brown, Rachel Mary	Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS)	2nd δ¹¹B measurement of G. ruber (300-355 mm) as described in Methods
20	Globigerinoides ruber, δ11B, uncertainty	G. ruber δ11B unc	±	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated, see reference(s)	2nd δ¹¹B measurement determined using equation [1] in Methods based on repeat measurements of in-house standard (see Methods for more details). 2 sigma.
21	Globigerinoides ruber, δ11B	G. ruber δ11B	‰ SRM	Brown, Rachel Mary	Multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (MC-ICP-MS)	Average (300-355 mm)
22	Globigerinoides ruber, δ11B, uncertainty	G. ruber δ11B unc	±	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated, see reference(s)	Permil Uncertainty in δ¹¹B determined using equation [1] in Methods based on repeat measurements of in-house standard (see Methods for more details). 2 sigma.
23	Salinity	Sal		Brown, Rachel Mary		Assumed salinity, in practical salinity units
24	Salinity, uncertainty	Sal unc	±	Brown, Rachel Mary
25	δ11B, seawater, reconstructed	δ11Bsw	‰ SRM	Brown, Rachel Mary	Reconstructed
26	δ11B, seawater, reconstructed, uncertainty	δ11Bsw unc	±	Brown, Rachel Mary	Reconstructed	2 sigma
27	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated, see reference(s)	calculated using equation [2]
28	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, uncertainty	DIC unc	±	Brown, Rachel Mary		1 sigma
29	δ11B, aqueous	δ11Baq	‰ SRM	Brown, Rachel Mary	Fractionation from Klochko et al. (2006)
30	Boron, total, seawater	B tot sw	µmol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	Total boron of seawater ([B]T) at S=35.
31	Boron, total, seawater	B tot sw	µmol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	[B]T: 0.03; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
32	Boron, total, seawater	B tot sw	µmol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	[B]T: 0.14; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
33	Boron, total, seawater	B tot sw	µmol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	[B]T: 0.86; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
34	Boron, total, seawater	B tot sw	µmol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	[B]T: 0.98; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
35	Boron, seawater, logarithmic base dissociation constant	B sw pk(b)		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	Dissacociation constant of boron in sea water (pKB)
36	Boron, seawater, logarithmic base dissociation constant	B sw pk(b)		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	pKB: 0.03; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
37	Boron, seawater, logarithmic base dissociation constant	B sw pk(b)		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	pKB: 0.14; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
38	Boron, seawater, logarithmic base dissociation constant	B sw pk(b)		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	pKB: 0.86; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
39	Boron, seawater, logarithmic base dissociation constant	B sw pk(b)		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	pKB: 0.98; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
40	Ion product of water	Kw	mol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	Ion product of water (Kw)
41	Ion product of water	Kw	mol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	Kw: 0.03; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
42	Ion product of water	Kw	mol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	Kw: 0.14; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
43	Ion product of water	Kw	mol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	Kw: 0.86; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
44	Ion product of water	Kw	mol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	Kw: 0.98; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
45	Henry's law constant	H		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	Henry's constant (K0)
46	Henry's law constant	H		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	K0: 0.03; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
47	Henry's law constant	H		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	K0: 0.14; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
48	Henry's law constant	H		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	K0: 0.86; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
49	Henry's law constant	H		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	K0: 0.98; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
50	Carbonic acid, dissociation constant	H2CO3 K	mol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	First dissociation constant of carbonic acid (K1)
51	Carbonic acid, dissociation constant	H2CO3 K	mol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	K1: 0.03; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
52	Carbonic acid, dissociation constant	H2CO3 K	mol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	K1: 0.14; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
53	Carbonic acid, dissociation constant	H2CO3 K	mol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	K1: 0.86; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
54	Carbonic acid, dissociation constant	H2CO3 K	mol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	K1: 0.98; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
55	Carbonic acid, dissociation constant	H2CO3 K	mol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	Second dissociation constant of carbonic acid (K2)
56	Carbonic acid, dissociation constant	H2CO3 K	mol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	K2: 0.03; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
57	Carbonic acid, dissociation constant	H2CO3 K	mol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	K2: 0.14; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
58	Carbonic acid, dissociation constant	H2CO3 K	mol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	K2: 0.86; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
59	Carbonic acid, dissociation constant	H2CO3 K	mol/kg	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated with seacarb package in R	K2: 0.98; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
60	pH	pH		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated from δ¹¹B, see reference	Total scale
61	pH	pH		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated from δ¹¹B, see reference	pH (total scale): 0.03; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
62	pH	pH		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated from δ¹¹B, see reference	pH (total scale): 0.14; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
63	pH	pH		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated from δ¹¹B, see reference	pH (total scale): 0.86; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
64	pH	pH		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated from δ¹¹B, see reference	pH (total scale): 0.98; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
65	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure	pCO2	ppmv	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated from δ¹¹B, see reference	pCO₂atm
66	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure	pCO2	ppmv	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated from δ¹¹B, see reference	pCO₂atm: 0.03; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
67	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure	pCO2	ppmv	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated from δ¹¹B, see reference	pCO₂atm: 0.14; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
68	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure	pCO2	ppmv	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated from δ¹¹B, see reference	pCO₂atm: 0.86; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
69	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure	pCO2	ppmv	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated from δ¹¹B, see reference	pCO₂atm: 0.98; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
70	Relative change in pH	ΔpH		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated from δ¹¹B, see reference	ΔpH (total scale)
71	Relative change in pH	ΔpH		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated from δ¹¹B, see reference	ΔpH (total scale): 0.03; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
72	Relative change in pH	ΔpH		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated from δ¹¹B, see reference	ΔpH (total scale): 0.14; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
73	Relative change in pH	ΔpH		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated from δ¹¹B, see reference	ΔpH (total scale): 0.86; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
74	Relative change in pH	ΔpH		Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated from δ¹¹B, see reference	ΔpH (total scale): 0.98; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
75	Climate forcing from carbon dioxide	ΔFCO2	W/m²	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated according to Hain et al. (2018)	Climate forcing from CO₂ (ΔFCO₂)
76	Climate forcing from carbon dioxide	ΔFCO2	W/m²	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated according to Hain et al. (2018)	ΔFCO₂: 0.03; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
77	Climate forcing from carbon dioxide	ΔFCO2	W/m²	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated according to Hain et al. (2018)	ΔFCO₂: 0.14; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
78	Climate forcing from carbon dioxide	ΔFCO2	W/m²	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated according to Hain et al. (2018)	ΔFCO₂: 0.86; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
79	Climate forcing from carbon dioxide	ΔFCO2	W/m²	Brown, Rachel Mary	Calculated according to Hain et al. (2018)	ΔFCO₂: 0.98; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
80	Climate forcing from carbon dioxide	ΔFCO2	W/m²	Brown, Rachel Mary	Smoothed ΔFCO₂	Climate forcing from CO₂ (ΔFCO₂ sm)
81	Climate forcing from carbon dioxide	ΔFCO2	W/m²	Brown, Rachel Mary	Smoothed ΔFCO₂	ΔFCO₂ sm: 0.03; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
82	Climate forcing from carbon dioxide	ΔFCO2	W/m²	Brown, Rachel Mary	Smoothed ΔFCO₂	ΔFCO₂ sm: 0.14; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
83	Climate forcing from carbon dioxide	ΔFCO2	W/m²	Brown, Rachel Mary	Smoothed ΔFCO₂	ΔFCO₂ sm: 0.86; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
84	Climate forcing from carbon dioxide	ΔFCO2	W/m²	Brown, Rachel Mary	Smoothed ΔFCO₂	ΔFCO₂ sm: 0.98; percentiles from the Monte Carlo output (see Methods), 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles form the 95% confidence interval, the 14 and 86 percentiles form the 68% confidence interval.
85	Comment	Comment		Brown, Rachel Mary		Miscellaneous comments

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

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Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

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3532 data points

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