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Spady, Blake L; Watson, Sue-Ann (2020): Seawater carbonate chemistry and growth and learning capabilities of squid species (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.929565

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Abstract:
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are being absorbed by the oceans, a process known as ocean acidification, and risks adversely affecting a variety of behaviours in a range of marine species, including inhibited learning in some fishes. However, the effects of elevated CO2 on learning in advanced invertebrates such as cephalopods are unknown. Any impacts to the learning abilities of cephalopods could have far-reaching consequences for their populations and the communities they inhabit. Cephalopods have some of the most advanced cognitive abilities among invertebrates and are one of the few invertebrate taxa in which conditional discrimination has been demonstrated, though the trait has not been demonstrated in any species of squid. Here, we tested for the first time the capacity for conditional discrimination in a squid species (Sepioteuthis lessoniana). Furthermore, we investigated the effects of projected future CO2 levels (1,084 µatm) on conditional discrimination and learning more generally. A three-task experiment within a two-choice arena was used to test learning and conditional discrimination. Learning was measured by improvements in task completion in repeated trials over time and the number of trials required to pass each task. Squid exhibited significant learning capabilities, with an increase in correct choices over successive trials and a decrease in the number of trials needed to complete the successive tasks. Six of the 12 squid tested successfully passed all three tasks indicating a capacity for conditional discrimination in the species. Elevated CO2 had no effect on learning or on the capacity for conditional discrimination in squid. This study highlights the remarkable cognitive abilities of S. lessoniana, demonstrated by their capacity for conditional discrimination, and suggests that ocean acidification will not compromise learning abilities. However, other behavioural traits in the species have been shown to be altered at comparable elevated CO2 conditions. It is not clear why some ecologically important behaviours are altered by elevated CO2 whereas others are unaffected. Future research should focus on the physiological mechanism responsible for altered behaviours in squid at elevated CO2.
Keyword(s):
Animalia; Behaviour; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; Nekton; Pelagos; Sepioteuthis lessoniana; Single species; South Pacific; Tropical
Supplement to:
Spady, Blake L; Watson, Sue-Ann (2020): Bigfin reef squid demonstrate capacity for conditional discrimination and projected future carbon dioxide levels have no effect on learning capabilities. PeerJ, 8, e9865, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9865
Original version:
Spady, Blake L (2020): Bigfin reef squid demonstrates capacity for conditional discrimination and projected future carbon dioxide has no effect on learning capabilities. James Cook University, https://doi.org/10.25903/5e968544ea4d6
Further details:
Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James (2021): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.2.16. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/seacarb/index.html
Comment:
In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2021) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2021-03-23.
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
1TypeTypeSpady, Blake Lstudy
2SpeciesSpeciesSpady, Blake L
3Registration number of speciesReg spec noSpady, Blake L
4Uniform resource locator/link to referenceURL refSpady, Blake LWoRMS Aphia ID
5Experiment durationExp durationdaysSpady, Blake L
6IdentificationIDSpady, Blake Lindividual squid
7SexSexSpady, Blake LM=Male, F=Female
8Length, mantlel mantlemmSpady, Blake L
9TreatmentTreatSpady, Blake L
10CommentCommentSpady, Blake LDid animal pass all tasks to demonstrate conditional discirimination?
11Numbern#Spady, Blake Ltrials taken to pass preference testing
12SideSideSpady, Blake Lthe exit (left or right) chosen most often during preference testing
13CommentCommentSpady, Blake Lthe exit (solid or striped) chosen most often during preference testing
14CommentCommentSpady, Blake LThe visual object cue (brick or plastic algae) presented during task 1
15CommentCommentSpady, Blake Lthe exit (solid or striped) which was unobstructed during task 1
16Numbern#Spady, Blake Ltimes the animal exited through its preferred exit during preference testing
17Numbern#Spady, Blake Ltrials required to pass task 1
18Numbern#Spady, Blake Ltrials that the animal had to be ‘forced out’ of the arena during task 1
19CommentCommentSpady, Blake Ldid the individual successfully pass task 1?
20Time in secondsTimesSpady, Blake Lmean average time taken to successfully exit arena in task 1
21Numbern#Spady, Blake Ltrials required to pass task 2
22Numbern#Spady, Blake Ltrials that the animal had to be ‘forced out’ of the arena during task 2
23CommentCommentSpady, Blake Ldid the individual successfully pass task 2?
24Time in secondsTimesSpady, Blake Lmean average time taken to successfully exit arena in task 2
25Numbern#Spady, Blake Ltrials required to pass task 3
26Numbern#Spady, Blake Ltrials that the animal had to be ‘forced out’ of the arena during task 3
27CommentCommentSpady, Blake Ldid the individual successfully pass task 3?
28Time in secondsTimesSpady, Blake Lmean average time taken to successfully exit arena in task 3
29PercentagePerc%Spady, Blake Lcorrect exit choices during task 1
30PercentagePerc%Spady, Blake Lcorrect exit choices during task 2
31PercentagePerc%Spady, Blake Lcorrect exit choices during task 3
32Temperature, waterTemp°CSpady, Blake L
33Temperature, water, standard deviationTemp std dev±Spady, Blake L
34SalinitySalSpady, Blake L
35Salinity, standard deviationSal std dev±Spady, Blake L
36pHpHSpady, Blake LSpectrophotometrictotal scale
37pH, standard deviationpH std dev±Spady, Blake LSpectrophotometrictotal scale
38Alkalinity, totalATµmol/kgSpady, Blake LPotentiometric titration
39Alkalinity, total, standard deviationAT std dev±Spady, Blake LPotentiometric titration
40Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)pCO2water_SST_wetµatmSpady, Blake LCalculated using CO2SYS
41Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviationpCO2 std dev±Spady, Blake LCalculated using CO2SYS
42Carbonate system computation flagCSC flagYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
43Carbon dioxideCO2µmol/kgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
44Carbon dioxide, standard deviationCO2 std dev±Yang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
45Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)fCO2water_SST_wetµatmYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
46Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviationfCO2 std dev±Yang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
47Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)pCO2water_SST_wetµatmYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
48Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviationpCO2 std dev±Yang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
49Bicarbonate ion[HCO3]-µmol/kgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
50Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation[HCO3]- std dev±Yang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
51Carbonate ion[CO3]2-µmol/kgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
52Carbonate ion, standard deviation[CO3]2- std dev±Yang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
53Carbon, inorganic, dissolvedDICµmol/kgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
54Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviationDIC std dev±Yang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
55Aragonite saturation stateOmega ArgYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
56Aragonite saturation state, standard deviationOmega Arg std dev±Yang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
57Calcite saturation stateOmega CalYang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
58Calcite saturation state, standard deviationOmega Cal std dev±Yang, YanCalculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
665 data points

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