Spady, Blake L; Watson, Sue-Ann (2020): Seawater carbonate chemistry and growth and learning capabilities of squid species (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.929565
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Abstract:
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are being absorbed by the oceans, a process known as ocean acidification, and risks adversely affecting a variety of behaviours in a range of marine species, including inhibited learning in some fishes. However, the effects of elevated CO2 on learning in advanced invertebrates such as cephalopods are unknown. Any impacts to the learning abilities of cephalopods could have far-reaching consequences for their populations and the communities they inhabit. Cephalopods have some of the most advanced cognitive abilities among invertebrates and are one of the few invertebrate taxa in which conditional discrimination has been demonstrated, though the trait has not been demonstrated in any species of squid. Here, we tested for the first time the capacity for conditional discrimination in a squid species (Sepioteuthis lessoniana). Furthermore, we investigated the effects of projected future CO2 levels (1,084 µatm) on conditional discrimination and learning more generally. A three-task experiment within a two-choice arena was used to test learning and conditional discrimination. Learning was measured by improvements in task completion in repeated trials over time and the number of trials required to pass each task. Squid exhibited significant learning capabilities, with an increase in correct choices over successive trials and a decrease in the number of trials needed to complete the successive tasks. Six of the 12 squid tested successfully passed all three tasks indicating a capacity for conditional discrimination in the species. Elevated CO2 had no effect on learning or on the capacity for conditional discrimination in squid. This study highlights the remarkable cognitive abilities of S. lessoniana, demonstrated by their capacity for conditional discrimination, and suggests that ocean acidification will not compromise learning abilities. However, other behavioural traits in the species have been shown to be altered at comparable elevated CO2 conditions. It is not clear why some ecologically important behaviours are altered by elevated CO2 whereas others are unaffected. Future research should focus on the physiological mechanism responsible for altered behaviours in squid at elevated CO2.
Keyword(s):
Supplement to:
Spady, Blake L; Watson, Sue-Ann (2020): Bigfin reef squid demonstrate capacity for conditional discrimination and projected future carbon dioxide levels have no effect on learning capabilities. PeerJ, 8, e9865, https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9865
Original version:
Spady, Blake L (2020): Bigfin reef squid demonstrates capacity for conditional discrimination and projected future carbon dioxide has no effect on learning capabilities [dataset]. James Cook University, https://doi.org/10.25903/5e968544ea4d6
Further details:
Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James (2021): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.2.16. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/seacarb/index.html
Project(s):
Comment:
In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2021) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2021-03-23.
Parameter(s):
License:
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)
Status:
Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)
Size:
665 data points
Data
1 Type (study) | 2 Species | 3 Reg spec no | 4 URL ref (WoRMS Aphia ID) | 5 Exp duration [days] | 6 ID (individual squid) | 7 Sex (M=Male, F=Female) | 8 Mantle l [mm] | 9 Treat | 10 Comment (Did animal pass all tasks to ...) | 11 n [#] (trials taken to pass preferen...) | 12 Side (the exit (left or right) chos...) | 13 Comment (the exit (solid or striped) c...) | 14 Comment (The visual object cue (brick ...) | 15 Comment (the exit (solid or striped) w...) | 16 n [#] (times the animal exited throu...) | 17 n [#] (trials required to pass task 1) | 18 n [#] (trials that the animal had to...) | 19 Comment (did the individual successful...) | 20 Time [s] (mean average time taken to su...) | 21 n [#] (trials required to pass task 2) | 22 n [#] (trials that the animal had to...) | 23 Comment (did the individual successful...) | 24 Time [s] (mean average time taken to su...) | 25 n [#] (trials required to pass task 3) | 26 n [#] (trials that the animal had to...) | 27 Comment (did the individual successful...) | 28 Time [s] (mean average time taken to su...) | 29 Perc [%] (correct exit choices during t...) | 30 Perc [%] (correct exit choices during t...) | 31 Perc [%] (correct exit choices during t...) | 32 Temp [°C] | 33 Temp std dev [±] | 34 Sal | 35 Sal std dev [±] | 36 pH (total scale, Spectrophotometric) | 37 pH std dev [±] (total scale, Spectrophotometric) | 38 AT [µmol/kg] (Potentiometric titration) | 39 AT std dev [±] (Potentiometric titration) | 40 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 41 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using CO2SYS) | 42 CSC flag (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 43 CO2 [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 44 CO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 45 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 46 fCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 47 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 48 pCO2 std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 49 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 50 [HCO3]- std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 51 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 52 [CO3]2- std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 53 DIC [µmol/kg] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 54 DIC std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 55 Omega Arg (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 56 Omega Arg std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 57 Omega Cal (Calculated using seacarb afte...) | 58 Omega Cal std dev [±] (Calculated using seacarb afte...) |
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laboratory | Sepioteuthis lessoniana (mollusk) | 220317 | marinespecies.org | 40 | 1b1 | M | 850 | Control | yes | 23 | Left | Stripe | Brick | Solid | 6 | 18 | 0 | yes | 29.500 | 8 | 1 | yes | 17.333 | 12 | 0 | yes | 74.833 | 66.667 | 75.000 | 66.667 | 26.8 | 0.8 | 36.1 | 0.7 | 7.98 | 0.03 | 2464 | 65 | 502 | 26 | 8 | 13.64 | 1.27 | 505.04 | 45.77 | 506.62 | 45.91 | 1932.46 | 63.27 | 218.55 | 15.66 | 2164.64 | 63.10 | 3.47 | 0.30 | 5.23 | 0.44 |
laboratory | Sepioteuthis lessoniana (mollusk) | 220317 | marinespecies.org | 40 | 3a4 | M | 1530 | Control | yes | 30 | Right | Stripe | Brick | Solid | 4 | 38 | 3 | yes | 37.167 | 8 | 0 | yes | 25.333 | 9 | 0 | yes | 28.000 | 63.158 | 100.000 | 77.778 | 26.8 | 0.8 | 36.1 | 0.7 | 7.98 | 0.03 | 2464 | 65 | 502 | 26 | 8 | 13.64 | 1.27 | 505.04 | 45.77 | 506.62 | 45.91 | 1932.46 | 63.27 | 218.55 | 15.66 | 2164.64 | 63.10 | 3.47 | 0.30 | 5.23 | 0.44 |
laboratory | Sepioteuthis lessoniana (mollusk) | 220317 | marinespecies.org | 40 | 1b2 | M | 1750 | Control | yes | 12 | Left | Stripe | Algae | Solid | 6 | 12 | 0 | yes | 29.667 | 7 | 0 | yes | 53.000 | 7 | 0 | yes | 41.500 | 66.667 | 85.714 | 100.000 | 26.8 | 0.8 | 36.1 | 0.7 | 7.98 | 0.03 | 2464 | 65 | 502 | 26 | 8 | 13.64 | 1.27 | 505.04 | 45.77 | 506.62 | 45.91 | 1932.46 | 63.27 | 218.55 | 15.66 | 2164.64 | 63.10 | 3.47 | 0.30 | 5.23 | 0.44 |
laboratory | Sepioteuthis lessoniana (mollusk) | 220317 | marinespecies.org | 40 | 4a4 | F | 1250 | High CO2 | yes | 9 | Left | Solid | Brick | Stripe | 4 | 28 | 1 | yes | 51.667 | 8 | 0 | yes | 31.167 | 12 | 0 | yes | 45.167 | 75.000 | 75.000 | 75.000 | 26.5 | 0.5 | 35.8 | 0.5 | 7.68 | 0.06 | 2345 | 123 | 1084 | 155 | 8 | 29.29 | 4.84 | 1075.16 | 177.22 | 1078.55 | 177.78 | 2063.86 | 116.22 | 114.93 | 15.83 | 2208.08 | 121.11 | 1.83 | 0.27 | 2.76 | 0.40 |
laboratory | Sepioteuthis lessoniana (mollusk) | 220317 | marinespecies.org | 40 | 4a3 | F | 1450 | High CO2 | yes | 18 | Right | Solid | Brick | Stripe | 4 | 17 | 1 | yes | 7.333 | 11 | 4 | yes | 54.000 | 11 | 0 | yes | 53.000 | 85.714 | 90.909 | 72.727 | 26.5 | 0.5 | 35.8 | 0.5 | 7.68 | 0.06 | 2345 | 123 | 1084 | 155 | 8 | 29.29 | 4.84 | 1075.16 | 177.22 | 1078.55 | 177.78 | 2063.86 | 116.22 | 114.93 | 15.83 | 2208.08 | 121.11 | 1.83 | 0.27 | 2.76 | 0.40 |
laboratory | Sepioteuthis lessoniana (mollusk) | 220317 | marinespecies.org | 40 | 4a5 | M | 1650 | High CO2 | yes | 15 | Right | Solid | Brick | Stripe | 4 | 12 | 3 | yes | 41.667 | 8 | 1 | yes | 37.500 | 7 | 0 | yes | 11.000 | 66.667 | 75.000 | 85.714 | 26.5 | 0.5 | 35.8 | 0.5 | 7.68 | 0.06 | 2345 | 123 | 1084 | 155 | 8 | 29.29 | 4.84 | 1075.16 | 177.22 | 1078.55 | 177.78 | 2063.86 | 116.22 | 114.93 | 15.83 | 2208.08 | 121.11 | 1.83 | 0.27 | 2.76 | 0.40 |
laboratory | Sepioteuthis lessoniana (mollusk) | 220317 | marinespecies.org | 40 | 3a1 | F | 1070 | Control | no | 20 | Left | Solid | Algae | Stripe | 4 | 8 | 0 | yes | 27.667 | 26 | 4 | yes | 21.167 | 60 | 10 | no | 75.000 | 50.000 | 35.000 | 26.8 | 0.8 | 36.1 | 0.7 | 7.98 | 0.03 | 2464 | 65 | 502 | 26 | 8 | 13.64 | 1.27 | 505.04 | 45.77 | 506.62 | 45.91 | 1932.46 | 63.27 | 218.55 | 15.66 | 2164.64 | 63.10 | 3.47 | 0.30 | 5.23 | 0.44 | |
laboratory | Sepioteuthis lessoniana (mollusk) | 220317 | marinespecies.org | 40 | 3a2 | F | 1320 | Control | no | 14 | Right | Solid | Brick | Stripe | 5 | 9 | 0 | yes | 6.500 | 60 | 17 | no | 66.667 | 53.750 | 26.8 | 0.8 | 36.1 | 0.7 | 7.98 | 0.03 | 2464 | 65 | 502 | 26 | 8 | 13.64 | 1.27 | 505.04 | 45.77 | 506.62 | 45.91 | 1932.46 | 63.27 | 218.55 | 15.66 | 2164.64 | 63.10 | 3.47 | 0.30 | 5.23 | 0.44 | ||||||
laboratory | Sepioteuthis lessoniana (mollusk) | 220317 | marinespecies.org | 40 | 4a1 | M | 860 | Control | no | 9 | Right | Stripe | Algae | Solid | 5 | 7 | 1 | yes | 29.333 | 60 | 21 | no | 71.429 | 60.000 | 26.8 | 0.8 | 36.1 | 0.7 | 7.98 | 0.03 | 2464 | 65 | 502 | 26 | 8 | 13.64 | 1.27 | 505.04 | 45.77 | 506.62 | 45.91 | 1932.46 | 63.27 | 218.55 | 15.66 | 2164.64 | 63.10 | 3.47 | 0.30 | 5.23 | 0.44 | ||||||
laboratory | Sepioteuthis lessoniana (mollusk) | 220317 | marinespecies.org | 40 | 4a6 | F | 1920 | High CO2 | no | 25 | Left | Solid | Algae | Stripe | 4 | 6 | 0 | yes | 7.667 | 60 | 13 | no | 100.000 | 28.750 | 26.5 | 0.5 | 35.8 | 0.5 | 7.68 | 0.06 | 2345 | 123 | 1084 | 155 | 8 | 29.29 | 4.84 | 1075.16 | 177.22 | 1078.55 | 177.78 | 2063.86 | 116.22 | 114.93 | 15.83 | 2208.08 | 121.11 | 1.83 | 0.27 | 2.76 | 0.40 | ||||||
laboratory | Sepioteuthis lessoniana (mollusk) | 220317 | marinespecies.org | 40 | 2a1 | F | 1670 | High CO2 | no | 14 | Left | Solid | Algae | Stripe | 5 | 17 | 0 | yes | 5.000 | 60 | 11 | no | 70.588 | 63.750 | 26.5 | 0.5 | 35.8 | 0.5 | 7.68 | 0.06 | 2345 | 123 | 1084 | 155 | 8 | 29.29 | 4.84 | 1075.16 | 177.22 | 1078.55 | 177.78 | 2063.86 | 116.22 | 114.93 | 15.83 | 2208.08 | 121.11 | 1.83 | 0.27 | 2.76 | 0.40 | ||||||
laboratory | Sepioteuthis lessoniana (mollusk) | 220317 | marinespecies.org | 40 | 2a4 | M | 1700 | High CO2 | no | 10 | Left | Solid | Algae | Stripe | 6 | 21 | 0 | yes | 2.000 | 60 | 3 | no | 57.143 | 47.500 | 26.5 | 0.5 | 35.8 | 0.5 | 7.68 | 0.06 | 2345 | 123 | 1084 | 155 | 8 | 29.29 | 4.84 | 1075.16 | 177.22 | 1078.55 | 177.78 | 2063.86 | 116.22 | 114.93 | 15.83 | 2208.08 | 121.11 | 1.83 | 0.27 | 2.76 | 0.40 |