Citation:

ece3.6504

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Abstract:

The Southern Ocean is one of the most isolated marine ecosystems, characterized by high levels of endemism, diversity and biomass. Ascidians are among the dominant groups in the Antarctic benthic communities, thus recording the evolutionary patterns of this group is crucial to improve our current understanding on the assembly of this polar ocean. In this study, we studied the genetic variation within Cnemidocarpa verrucosa sensu lato, one of the most widely distributed and abundant ascidians in Antarctica. Using a mitochondrial and a nuclear gene (mtCOI and 18S), the phylogeography of fifteen populations distributed along the Antarctic Peninsula and South America (Burdwood Bank/MPA Namuncurá) was characterized, where the bimodal distribution of the genetic distance suggested the existence of two species within the nominal C. verrucosa. When re-evaluating morphological traits to distinguish between genetically defined species, the presence of basal disc in one of the genotypes allowed to differentiate the species.

Further details:

18S nuclear gene sequences (GenBank accession numbers: MN700311 - MN700622)

mtCOI gene sequences (GenBank accession numbers: MN714370 - MN714622)

Statistical analysis of morphology data used in Ruiz et al., 2019

Coverage:

Latitude: -62.238570 * Longitude: -58.668300

Minimum DEPTH, water: 20 m * Maximum DEPTH, water: 30 m

Event(s):

Carlini_Base * Latitude: -62.238570 * Longitude: -58.668300 * Elevation: 5.0 m * Location: Potter Peninsula, King George Island, Western Antarctica * Method/Device: Research station (RS) * Comment: Ex Jubany Base

Comment:

(1) Both siphons are terminals, on the same line on the distal part (1) or one of them, oriented towards the one side (2).

(2) Counts are made from the endostyle on the right side of the body (RE) to the dorsal lamina (DL) and from the DL to the endostyle on the left side (EL).

(3) In general there are two gonadas to each side, but there are specimens with one gonad in each side, or two gonads in one side and one in other side of the body.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Comment
1	DEPTH, water	Depth water	m	Ruiz, Micaela Belen	Geocode – Scuba diving depth minimum
2	DEPTH, water	Depth water	m	Ruiz, Micaela Belen	Geocode – Scuba diving depth maximum
3	Sample ID	Sample ID		Ruiz, Micaela Belen	Cnemidocarpa verrucosa specimen
4	Species, genetic	Species gen		Ruiz, Micaela Belen	Genetic determined species
5	Color description	Color desc		Ruiz, Micaela Belen	Tunic colour
6	Siphon, position	Siphon pos		Ruiz, Micaela Belen	Position of the siphons (1)
7	Presence/absence	Presence/absence		Ruiz, Micaela Belen	Presence of basal disc
8	Shape	Shape		Ruiz, Micaela Belen	Shape of warts
9	Cnemidocarpa verrucosa, height	C. verrucosa height	cm	Ruiz, Micaela Belen
10	Cnemidocarpa verrucosa, width	C. verrucosa width	cm	Ruiz, Micaela Belen
11	Number	No		Ruiz, Micaela Belen	of oral tentacles
12	Branchial formula	Branchial form		Ruiz, Micaela Belen	(2)
13	Cnemidocarpa verrucosa, number of gonads	C. verrucosa gonads	#	Ruiz, Micaela Belen	(3)
14	Cnemidocarpa verrucosa, number of stomach folds	C. verrucosa stomach folds	#	Ruiz, Micaela Belen

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Size:

288 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Depth water [m] (Scuba diving depth minimum)	2 Depth water [m] (Scuba diving depth maximum)	3 Sample ID (Cnemidocarpa verrucosa specimen)	4 Species gen (Genetic determined species)	5 Color desc (Tunic colour)	6 Siphon pos (Position of the siphons (1))	7 Presence/absence (Presence of basal disc)	8 Shape (Shape of warts)	9 C. verrucosa height [cm]	10 C. verrucosa width [cm]	11 No (of oral tentacles)	12 Branchial form ((2))	13 C. verrucosa gonads [#] ((3))	14 C. verrucosa stomach folds [#]
20	30	Cv 1	A	Brown	1	Absent	rounded and smooth	9699	7710	29	RE 4 (10) 3 (12) 3 (15) 3 (17) DL (11) 4 (16) 3 (15) 3 (13) 3 LE	4	28
20	30	Cv 2	A	Orange	1	Absent	conic with multiple spine-like ends	8741	7247	30	RE 2 (10) 3 (13) 3 (13) 3 (13) DL (13) 3 (14) 3 (10) 3 (9) 4 LE	4	26
20	30	Cv 3	A	Orange	1	Absent	conic with multiple spine-like ends	8918	6786	33	RE 3 (10) 3 (11) 3 (12) 3 (15) DL (14) 3 (13) 3 (12) 3 (11) 4 LE	4	18
20	30	Cv 4	A	Orange/Brown	1	Absent	rounded and smooth	9871	8262	31	RE 5 (8) 4 (11) 3 (14)3 (13) DL (14) 3 (13) 4 (12) 3 (9) 3 LE	4	30
20	30	Cv 6	A	Brown	1	Absent	conic and smoth to ventral, smooth toward the siphons	6502	5400	36	RE 3 (10) 3 (14) 3 (13) 3 (11) DL (14) 2 (14) 2 (14) 3 (12) 2 LE	4	24
20	30	Cv 8	?	Brown	1	Absent	conic and smoth in the same proportion	4683	4056	24	RE 4 (10) 3 (13) 2 (16) 3 (12) DL (14) 2 (14) 3 (12) 2 (10) 2 LE	4	25
20	30	Cv 9	B	Brown	2	Present	rounded and smooth	15637	7221	38	RE 3 (14) 3 (15) 3 (16) 3 (16) DL (21) 4 (18) 3 (15) 3 (11) 3 LE	4	26
20	30	Cv 11	A	Orange/Brown	1	Absent	conic with multiple spine-like ends	6467	4098	38	RE 3 (13) 3 (13) 2 (14) 3 (12) DL (11) 3 (13) 2 (15) 2 (13) 1 LE	4	26
20	30	Cv 12	B	Orange/Brown	1	Present	smooth to ventral, conical toward the siphons	8778	6193	27	RE 3 (10) 3 (14) 3 (17) 3 (16) DL(16) 3 (15) 3 (9) 3 (12) 2 LE	3	28
20	30	Cv 13	A	Brown	2	Absent	rounded and smooth	6816	4758	26	RE 5 (8) 3 (13) 3 (14) 3 (13) DL (14) 3 (12) 3 (12) 3 (7) 3 LE	4	24
20	30	Cv 14	A	Orange/Brown	1	Absent	rounded and smooth	9919	8142	29	RE 3 (10) 3 (13) 3 (15) 3 (16) DL (17) 3 (14) 3 (12) 3 (11) 3 LE	4	28
20	30	Cv 15	A	Brown	1	Absent	rounded and smooth	4981	4305	28	RE 3 (10) 4 (13) 3 (13) 2 (17) DL (13) 3 (11) 3 (15) 3 (11) 3 LE	4	25
20	30	Cv 16	B	Yellow/Brown	2	Present	conic with multiple spine-like ends	16600	9250	33	RE 4 (10) 4 (7) 3 (14) 4 (16) DL (16) 4 (16) 3 (12) 4 (10) 3 LE	3	30
20	30	Cv 19	B	Orange/Yellow	1	Present	conic with multiple spine-like ends	10885	5027	26	RE 3 (8) 4 (10) 3 (14) 3 (13) DL (13) 3 (14) 3 (14) 3 (8) 2 LE	4	19
20	30	Cv 20	B	Orange/Yellow	2	Present	smooth to ventral, conical toward the siphons	17617	9584	36	RE 3 (7) 3 (10) 3 (13) 4 (17) DL (16) 4 (15) 3 (12) 3 (11) 3 LE	4	26
20	30	Cv 21	A	Orange	1	Absent	conic with multiple spine-like ends	6756	5333	28	RE 3 (11) 4 (10) 3 (15) 4 (15) DL (14) 3 (15) 3 (7) 4 (8) 3 LE	4	23
20	30	Cv 22	B	Brown	2	Present	smooth to ventral, conical toward the siphons	11788	6184	31	RE 3 (10) 3 (11) 3 (10) 3 (18) DL (16) 3 (13) 3 (10) 3 (11) 3 LE	4	24
20	30	Cv 23	A	Orange/Brown	1	Absent	conic with multiple spine-like ends	5776	4056	30	RE 2 (12) 3 (12) 3 (12) 3 (9) DL (11) 3 (13) 3 (12) 3 (10) 3 LE	2	23
20	30	Cv 25	B	Orange/Brown	2	Present	smooth to ventral, conical toward the siphons	8343	4574	24	RE 3 (11) 3 (13) 3 (14) 3 (19) DL (17) 3 (15) 3 (13) 3 (9) 3 LE	2	22
20	30	Cv 28	A	Brown	2	Absent	rounded and smooth	10520	6790	28	RE 3 (9) 3 (12) 3 (13) 3 (13) DL (13) 3 (14) 2 (10) 3 (9) 3 LE	4	23
20	30	Cv 29	B	Orange/Brown	1	Present	conic to ventral, smooth toward the siphons	10435	5501	28	RE 4 (9) 3 (11) 3 (11) 3 (15) DL (12) 3 (13) 2 (9) 3 (9) 2 LE	4	22
20	30	Cv 30	B	Orange/Brown	1	Present	smooth to ventral, conical toward the siphons	9347	4746	32	RE 4 (10) 3 (15) 3 (15) 3 (18) DL (17) 3 (15) 3 (16) 3 (14) 2 LE	4	23
20	30	Cv 31	B	Yellow/Brown	2	Present	smooth to ventral, conical toward the siphons	13615	6451	30	RE 4 (9) 3 (15) 3 (11) 3 (15) DL (15) 3 (12) 3 (15) 3 (10) 3 LE	4	20
20	30	Cv 34	A	Orange/Brown	1	Absent	smooth to ventral, conical toward the siphons	5914	4431	30	RE 2 (12) 3 (12)3 (13) 3 (16) DL (16) 3 (14) 3 (13) 2 (10) 1 LE	4	23