Citation:

NCLIMATE1680

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and variation in community development
Published: 2013
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Benthos; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Entire community; Field observation; Growth/Morphology; Mediterranean Sea; Rocky-shore community; Temperate

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Abstract:

Ocean acidification represents a pervasive environmental change that is predicted to affect a wide range of species, yet our understanding of the emergent ecosystem impacts is very limited. Many studies report detrimental effects of acidification on single species in lab studies, especially those with calcareous shells or skeletons. Observational studies using naturally acidified ecosystems have shown profound shifts away from such calcareous species, and there has been an assumption that direct impacts of acidification on sensitive species drive most ecosystem responses. We tested an alternative hypothesis that species interactions attenuate or amplify the direct effects of acidification on individual species. Here, we show that altered competitive dynamics between calcareous species and fleshy seaweeds drive significant ecosystem shifts in acidified conditions. Although calcareous species recruited and grew at similar rates in ambient and low pH conditions during early successional stages, they were rapidly overgrown by fleshy seaweeds later in succession in low pH conditions. The altered competitive dynamics between calcareous species and fleshy seaweeds is probably the combined result of decreased growth rates of calcareous species, increased growth rates of fleshy seaweeds, and/or altered grazing rates. Phase shifts towards ecosystems dominated by fleshy seaweed are common in many marine ecosystems, and our results suggest that changes in the competitive balance between these groups represent a key leverage point through which the physiological responses of individual species to acidification could indirectly lead to profound ecosystem changes in an acidified ocean.

Keyword(s):

Benthos; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Entire community; Field observation; Growth/Morphology; Mediterranean Sea; Rocky-shore community; Temperate

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James C; Gentili, Bernard; Proye, Aurélien; Soetaert, Karline; Rae, James (2016): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.1. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2016) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2017-09-28.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Kroeker, Kristy J		study
2	Figure	Fig		Kroeker, Kristy J
3	Time in weeks	Time week	weeks	Kroeker, Kristy J
4	Treatment	Treat		Kroeker, Kristy J
5	Coverage	Cov	%	Kroeker, Kristy J		TURF ALGAE
6	Coverage, standard error	Cov std e	±	Kroeker, Kristy J		TURF ALGAE
7	Coverage	Cov	%	Kroeker, Kristy J		CALCAREOUS SPECIES
8	Coverage, standard error	Cov std e	±	Kroeker, Kristy J		CALCAREOUS SPECIES
9	Species richness	S		Kroeker, Kristy J
10	Species richness, standard error	S std e	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
11	Category	Cat		Kroeker, Kristy J		PLOTS=plots of natural substrate, EXPERIMENTAL TILES=recruitment tiles at 14 months of succession
12	Group	Group		Kroeker, Kristy J		FUNCTIONAL
13	Proportion	Prop		Kroeker, Kristy J		COVER
14	Proportion, standard error	Prop std e	±	Kroeker, Kristy J		COVER
15	Site	Site		Kroeker, Kristy J
16	Growth rate	µ	mm²/day	Kroeker, Kristy J		barnacles (Balanus perforatus)
17	Growth rate	µ	mm²/day	Kroeker, Kristy J		encrusting coralline algal patches
18	Salinity	Sal		Kroeker, Kristy J
19	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
20	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Kroeker, Kristy J
21	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
22	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Kroeker, Kristy J
23	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
24	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Kroeker, Kristy J
25	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
26	pH	pH		Kroeker, Kristy J		total scale
27	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J		total scale
28	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Kroeker, Kristy J
29	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
30	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Kroeker, Kristy J
31	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
32	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Kroeker, Kristy J
33	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
34	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
35	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
36	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
37	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
38	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
39	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
40	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
41	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
42	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1634 data points

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