Citation:

NCLIMATE1680

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and variation in community development
Published: 2013
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Benthos; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Entire community; Field observation; Growth/Morphology; Mediterranean Sea; Rocky-shore community; Temperate

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Abstract:

Ocean acidification represents a pervasive environmental change that is predicted to affect a wide range of species, yet our understanding of the emergent ecosystem impacts is very limited. Many studies report detrimental effects of acidification on single species in lab studies, especially those with calcareous shells or skeletons. Observational studies using naturally acidified ecosystems have shown profound shifts away from such calcareous species, and there has been an assumption that direct impacts of acidification on sensitive species drive most ecosystem responses. We tested an alternative hypothesis that species interactions attenuate or amplify the direct effects of acidification on individual species. Here, we show that altered competitive dynamics between calcareous species and fleshy seaweeds drive significant ecosystem shifts in acidified conditions. Although calcareous species recruited and grew at similar rates in ambient and low pH conditions during early successional stages, they were rapidly overgrown by fleshy seaweeds later in succession in low pH conditions. The altered competitive dynamics between calcareous species and fleshy seaweeds is probably the combined result of decreased growth rates of calcareous species, increased growth rates of fleshy seaweeds, and/or altered grazing rates. Phase shifts towards ecosystems dominated by fleshy seaweed are common in many marine ecosystems, and our results suggest that changes in the competitive balance between these groups represent a key leverage point through which the physiological responses of individual species to acidification could indirectly lead to profound ecosystem changes in an acidified ocean.

Keyword(s):

Benthos; CO2 vent; Coast and continental shelf; Community composition and diversity; Entire community; Field observation; Growth/Morphology; Mediterranean Sea; Rocky-shore community; Temperate

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James C; Gentili, Bernard; Proye, Aurélien; Soetaert, Karline; Rae, James (2016): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.1. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2016) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2017-09-28.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Kroeker, Kristy J		study
2	Figure	Fig		Kroeker, Kristy J
3	Time in weeks	Time week	weeks	Kroeker, Kristy J
4	Treatment	Treat		Kroeker, Kristy J
5	Coverage	Cov	%	Kroeker, Kristy J		TURF ALGAE
6	Coverage, standard error	Cov std e	±	Kroeker, Kristy J		TURF ALGAE
7	Coverage	Cov	%	Kroeker, Kristy J		CALCAREOUS SPECIES
8	Coverage, standard error	Cov std e	±	Kroeker, Kristy J		CALCAREOUS SPECIES
9	Species richness	S		Kroeker, Kristy J
10	Species richness, standard error	S std e	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
11	Category	Cat		Kroeker, Kristy J		PLOTS=plots of natural substrate, EXPERIMENTAL TILES=recruitment tiles at 14 months of succession
12	Group	Group		Kroeker, Kristy J		FUNCTIONAL
13	Proportion	Prop		Kroeker, Kristy J		COVER
14	Proportion, standard error	Prop std e	±	Kroeker, Kristy J		COVER
15	Site	Site		Kroeker, Kristy J
16	Growth rate	µ	mm²/day	Kroeker, Kristy J		barnacles (Balanus perforatus)
17	Growth rate	µ	mm²/day	Kroeker, Kristy J		encrusting coralline algal patches
18	Salinity	Sal		Kroeker, Kristy J
19	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
20	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Kroeker, Kristy J
21	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
22	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Kroeker, Kristy J
23	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
24	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Kroeker, Kristy J
25	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
26	pH	pH		Kroeker, Kristy J		total scale
27	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J		total scale
28	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Kroeker, Kristy J
29	Carbon dioxide, partial pressure, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
30	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Kroeker, Kristy J
31	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
32	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Kroeker, Kristy J
33	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Kroeker, Kristy J
34	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
35	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
36	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
37	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
38	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
39	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
40	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
41	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
42	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1634 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Type (study)	2 Fig	3 Time week [weeks]	4 Treat	5 Cov [%] (TURF ALGAE)	6 Cov std e [±] (TURF ALGAE)	7 Cov [%] (CALCAREOUS SPECIES)	8 Cov std e [±] (CALCAREOUS SPECIES)	9 S	10 S std e [±]	11 Cat (PLOTS=plots of natural substr...)	12 Group (FUNCTIONAL)	13 Prop (COVER)	14 Prop std e [±] (COVER)	15 Site	16 µ [mm²/day] (barnacles (Balanus perforatus))	17 µ [mm²/day] (encrusting coralline algal pa...)	18 Sal	19 Sal std dev [±]	20 AT [µmol/kg]	21 AT std dev [±]	22 DIC [µmol/kg]	23 DIC std dev [±]	24 Temp [°C]	25 Temp std dev [±]	26 pH (total scale)	27 pH std dev [±] (total scale)	28 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	29 pCO2 std dev [±]	30 Omega Arg	31 Omega Arg std dev [±]	32 Omega Cal	33 Omega Cal std dev [±]	34 CSC flag	35 CO2 [µmol/kg]	36 fCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	37 pCO2water_SST_wet [µatm]	38 [HCO3]- [µmol/kg]	39 [CO3]2- [µmol/kg]	40 DIC [µmol/kg]	41 Omega Arg	42 Omega Cal
Field	3	0.0	Ambient pH	0.000	0.000
Field	3	1.5	Ambient pH	0.000	0.000
Field	3	2.5	Ambient pH	0.333	0.211
Field	3	3.5	Ambient pH	2.500	1.118
Field	3	6.0	Ambient pH	12.788	3.692
Field	3	14.0	Ambient pH	24.772	6.012
Field	3	0.0	Low pH	0.000	0.000
Field	3	1.5	Low pH	0.000	0.000
Field	3	2.5	Low pH	2.083	1.003
Field	3	3.5	Low pH	7.333	3.896
Field	3	6.0	Low pH	25.379	4.782
Field	3	14.0	Low pH	59.955	5.221
Field	3	0.0	Extreme low pH	0.000	0.000
Field	3	1.5	Extreme low pH	0.000	0.000
Field	3	2.5	Extreme low pH	0.000	0.000
Field	3	3.5	Extreme low pH	0.833	0.833
Field	3	6.0	Extreme low pH	0.125	0.125
Field	3	14.0	Extreme low pH	1.273	0.895
Field	3	0.0	Ambient pH			0.000	0.000
Field	3	1.5	Ambient pH			1.782	0.755
Field	3	2.5	Ambient pH			4.855	2.214
Field	3	3.5	Ambient pH			9.304	3.979
Field	3	6.0	Ambient pH			18.960	3.642
Field	3	14.0	Ambient pH			26.448	4.833
Field	3	0.0	Low pH			0.000	0.000
Field	3	1.5	Low pH			1.105	0.249
Field	3	2.5	Low pH			5.599	2.129
Field	3	3.5	Low pH			13.172	8.450
Field	3	6.0	Low pH			8.994	1.965
Field	3	14.0	Low pH			17.284	3.104
Field	3	0.0	Extreme low pH			0.000	0.000
Field	3	1.5	Extreme low pH			0.000	0.000
Field	3	2.5	Extreme low pH			0.000	0.000
Field	3	3.5	Extreme low pH			0.000	0.000
Field	3	6.0	Extreme low pH			0.000	0.000
Field	3	14.0	Extreme low pH			0.000	1.239
Field	3	0.0	Ambient pH					0.000	0.000
Field	3	6.0	Ambient pH					5.667	0.333
Field	3	10.0	Ambient pH					6.667	0.333
Field	3	14.0	Ambient pH					7.667	0.333
Field	3	26.0	Ambient pH					10.375	0.565
Field	3	52.0	Ambient pH					9.818	0.553
Field	3	0.0	Low pH					0.000	0.000
Field	3	6.0	Low pH					5.000	0.000
Field	3	10.0	Low pH					6.833	0.401
Field	3	14.0	Low pH					8.333	0.333
Field	3	26.0	Low pH					8.875	0.295
Field	3	52.0	Low pH					9.667	0.512
Field	3	0.0	Extreme low pH					0.000	0.000
Field	3	6.0	Extreme low pH					2.500	0.224
Field	3	10.0	Extreme low pH					3.000	0.000
Field	3	14.0	Extreme low pH					4.000	0.577
Field	3	26.0	Extreme low pH					2.375	0.183
Field	3	52.0	Extreme low pH					3.545	0.157
Field	S2		Ambient pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	BIOFILM + FILAMENTOUS	0.0090	0.0088
Field	S2		Ambient pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	ENCRUSTING FLESHY	0.0619	0.0239
Field	S2		Ambient pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	ENCRUSTING CALCIFIED	0.2952	0.0414
Field	S2		Ambient pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	TURF	0.2477	0.0601
Field	S2		Ambient pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	ERECT CALCIFIED	0.0564	0.0357
Field	S2		Ambient pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	ERECT BROWN	0.4482	0.0966
Field	S2		Ambient pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	CALCIFIED FILTER FEEDERS	0.1641	0.0482
Field	S2		Ambient pH							PLOTS	BIOFILM + FILAMENTOUS	0.0725	0.0615
Field	S2		Ambient pH							PLOTS	ENCRUSTING FLESHY	0.0275	0.0106
Field	S2		Ambient pH							PLOTS	ENCRUSTING CALCIFIED	0.2171	0.0975
Field	S2		Ambient pH							PLOTS	TURF	0.2638	0.1237
Field	S2		Ambient pH							PLOTS	ERECT CALCIFIED	0.0113	0.0074
Field	S2		Ambient pH							PLOTS	ERECT BROWN	0.2250	0.1107
Field	S2		Ambient pH							PLOTS	CALCIFIED FILTER FEEDERS	0.0754	0.0346
Field	S2		Low pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	BIOFILM + FILAMENTOUS	0.0109	0.0069
Field	S2		Low pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	ENCRUSTING FLESHY	0.1062	0.0628
Field	S2		Low pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	ENCRUSTING CALCIFIED	0.1157	0.0259
Field	S2		Low pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	TURF	0.5996	0.0522
Field	S2		Low pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	ERECT CALCIFIED	0.0221	0.0096
Field	S2		Low pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	ERECT BROWN	0.5042	0.1102
Field	S2		Low pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	CALCIFIED FILTER FEEDERS	0.1080	0.0224
Field	S2		Low pH							PLOTS	BIOFILM + FILAMENTOUS	0.0861	0.0875
Field	S2		Low pH							PLOTS	ENCRUSTING FLESHY	0.0203	0.0112
Field	S2		Low pH							PLOTS	ENCRUSTING CALCIFIED	0.0301	0.0169
Field	S2		Low pH							PLOTS	TURF	0.3298	0.1343
Field	S2		Low pH							PLOTS	ERECT CALCIFIED	0.0063	0.0040
Field	S2		Low pH							PLOTS	ERECT BROWN	0.5193	0.1501
Field	S2		Low pH							PLOTS	CALCIFIED FILTER FEEDERS	0.0066	0.0040
Field	S2		Extreme low pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	BIOFILM + FILAMENTOUS	0.8091	0.0563
Field	S2		Extreme low pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	ENCRUSTING FLESHY	0.0809	0.0209
Field	S2		Extreme low pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	ENCRUSTING CALCIFIED	0.0000	0.0000
Field	S2		Extreme low pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	TURF	0.0127	0.0090
Field	S2		Extreme low pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	ERECT CALCIFIED	0.0000	0.0000
Field	S2		Extreme low pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	ERECT BROWN	0.0091	0.0091
Field	S2		Extreme low pH							EXPERIMENTAL TILES	CALCIFIED FILTER FEEDERS	0.0000	0.0000
Field	S2		Extreme low pH							PLOTS	BIOFILM + FILAMENTOUS	0.5375	0.1434
Field	S2		Extreme low pH							PLOTS	ENCRUSTING FLESHY	0.0650	0.0157
Field	S2		Extreme low pH							PLOTS	ENCRUSTING CALCIFIED	0.0025	0.0016
Field	S2		Extreme low pH							PLOTS	TURF	0.1335	0.0751
Field	S2		Extreme low pH							PLOTS	ERECT CALCIFIED	0.0013	0.0013
Field	S2		Extreme low pH							PLOTS	ERECT BROWN	0.2563	0.1081
Field	S2		Extreme low pH							PLOTS	CALCIFIED FILTER FEEDERS	0.0001	0.0001
Field	S3		Ambient pH											NORTH	4.5959		37.9	0.3	2563	3	1768	96	23.4	0.70	7.95	0.06	567	100	3.13	0.35	4.75	0.53	8	16.54	567.69	569.54	2073.92	200.99	2291.45	3.10	4.71
Field	S3		Ambient pH											NORTH	5.4447		37.9	0.3	2563	3	1768	96	23.4	0.70	7.95	0.06	567	100	3.13	0.35	4.75	0.53	8	16.54	567.69	569.54	2073.92	200.99	2291.45	3.10	4.71
Field	S3		Ambient pH											NORTH	3.9382		37.9	0.3	2563	3	1768	96	23.4	0.70	7.95	0.06	567	100	3.13	0.35	4.75	0.53	8	16.54	567.69	569.54	2073.92	200.99	2291.45	3.10	4.71
Field	S3		Low pH											NORTH	4.1435		37.8	0.4	2560	7	2395	66	23.8	0.70	7.77	0.19	1075	943	2.32	0.73	3.52	1.11	8	26.50	918.55	921.53	2211.61	143.41	2381.52	2.22	3.37
Field	S3		Low pH											NORTH	4.2647		37.8	0.4	2560	7	2395	66	23.8	0.70	7.77	0.19	1075	943	2.32	0.73	3.52	1.11	8	26.50	918.55	921.53	2211.61	143.41	2381.52	2.22	3.37
Field	S3		Low pH											NORTH	3.8009		37.8	0.4	2560	7	2395	66	23.8	0.70	7.77	0.19	1075	943	2.32	0.73	3.52	1.11	8	26.50	918.55	921.53	2211.61	143.41	2381.52	2.22	3.37
Field	S3		Low pH											NORTH	5.4333		37.8	0.4	2560	7	2395	66	23.8	0.70	7.77	0.19	1075	943	2.32	0.73	3.52	1.11	8	26.50	918.55	921.53	2211.61	143.41	2381.52	2.22	3.37
Field	S3		Ambient pH											NORTH	5.9309		37.9	0.3	2563	3	1768	96	23.4	0.70	7.95	0.06	567	100	3.13	0.35	4.75	0.53	8	16.54	567.69	569.54	2073.92	200.99	2291.45	3.10	4.71
Field	S3		Ambient pH											NORTH	6.6446		37.9	0.3	2563	3	1768	96	23.4	0.70	7.95	0.06	567	100	3.13	0.35	4.75	0.53	8	16.54	567.69	569.54	2073.92	200.99	2291.45	3.10	4.71
Field	S3		Low pH											SOUTH	4.3345		37.7	0.2	3560	7	2318	99	17.5	2.80	7.75	0.30	1581	2711	1.95	0.85	3.00	1.31	8	45.86	1338.05	1342.75	3198.19	156.11	3400.16	2.37	3.65
Field	S3		Low pH											SOUTH	2.6919		37.7	0.2	3560	7	2318	99	17.5	2.80	7.75	0.30	1581	2711	1.95	0.85	3.00	1.31	8	45.86	1338.05	1342.75	3198.19	156.11	3400.16	2.37	3.65
Field	S3		Low pH											SOUTH	3.2086		37.7	0.2	3560	7	2318	99	17.5	2.80	7.75	0.30	1581	2711	1.95	0.85	3.00	1.31	8	45.86	1338.05	1342.75	3198.19	156.11	3400.16	2.37	3.65
Field	S3		Ambient pH											SOUTH	3.7685		37.6	0.3	2563	2	2281	73	19.6	1.50	8.06	0.09	440	192	3.33	0.44	5.11	0.67	8	13.62	421.59	423.03	2029.79	218.53	2261.94	3.34	5.12
Field	S3		Ambient pH											SOUTH	3.8434		37.6	0.3	2563	2	2281	73	19.6	1.50	8.06	0.09	440	192	3.33	0.44	5.11	0.67	8	13.62	421.59	423.03	2029.79	218.53	2261.94	3.34	5.12
Field	S3		Ambient pH											SOUTH	1.9929		37.6	0.3	2563	2	2281	73	19.6	1.50	8.06	0.09	440	192	3.33	0.44	5.11	0.67	8	13.62	421.59	423.03	2029.79	218.53	2261.94	3.34	5.12
Field	S3		Ambient pH											SOUTH	5.9231		37.6	0.3	2563	2	2281	73	19.6	1.50	8.06	0.09	440	192	3.33	0.44	5.11	0.67	8	13.62	421.59	423.03	2029.79	218.53	2261.94	3.34	5.12
Field	S3		Ambient pH											SOUTH	4.7326		37.6	0.3	2563	2	2281	73	19.6	1.50	8.06	0.09	440	192	3.33	0.44	5.11	0.67	8	13.62	421.59	423.03	2029.79	218.53	2261.94	3.34	5.12
Field	S3		Low pH											SOUTH	2.4185		37.7	0.2	2560	7	2318	99	17.5	2.80	7.75	0.30	1581	2711	1.95	0.85	3.00	1.31	8	32.79	956.88	960.25	2287.13	111.64	2431.57	1.69	2.61
Field	S3		Low pH											SOUTH	2.0642		37.7	0.2	2560	7	2318	99	17.5	2.80	7.75	0.30	1581	2711	1.95	0.85	3.00	1.31	8	32.79	956.88	960.25	2287.13	111.64	2431.57	1.69	2.61
Field	S3		Ambient pH											NORTH	3.9677		37.9	0.3	2563	3	1768	96	23.4	0.70	7.95	0.06	567	100	3.13	0.35	4.75	0.53	8	16.54	567.69	569.54	2073.92	200.99	2291.45	3.10	4.71
Field	S3		Ambient pH											NORTH		1.8927	37.9	0.3	2563	3	1768	96	23.4	0.70	7.95	0.06	567	100	3.13	0.35	4.75	0.53	8	16.54	567.69	569.54	2073.92	200.99	2291.45	3.10	4.71
Field	S3		Ambient pH											NORTH		3.1310	37.9	0.3	2563	3	1768	96	23.4	0.70	7.95	0.06	567	100	3.13	0.35	4.75	0.53	8	16.54	567.69	569.54	2073.92	200.99	2291.45	3.10	4.71
Field	S3		Ambient pH											NORTH		2.7397	37.9	0.3	2563	3	1768	96	23.4	0.70	7.95	0.06	567	100	3.13	0.35	4.75	0.53	8	16.54	567.69	569.54	2073.92	200.99	2291.45	3.10	4.71
Field	S3		Low pH											NORTH		1.4452	37.8	0.4	2560	7	2395	66	23.8	0.70	7.77	0.19	1075	943	2.32	0.73	3.52	1.11	8	26.50	918.55	921.53	2211.61	143.41	2381.52	2.22	3.37
Field	S3		Low pH											NORTH		2.2491	37.8	0.4	2560	7	2395	66	23.8	0.70	7.77	0.19	1075	943	2.32	0.73	3.52	1.11	8	26.50	918.55	921.53	2211.61	143.41	2381.52	2.22	3.37
Field	S3		Low pH											NORTH		3.0195	37.8	0.4	2560	7	2395	66	23.8	0.70	7.77	0.19	1075	943	2.32	0.73	3.52	1.11	8	26.50	918.55	921.53	2211.61	143.41	2381.52	2.22	3.37
Field	S3		Ambient pH											SOUTH		3.2071	37.6	0.3	2563	2	2281	73	19.6	1.50	8.06	0.09	440	192	3.33	0.44	5.11	0.67	8	13.62	421.59	423.03	2029.79	218.53	2261.94	3.34	5.12
Field	S3		Ambient pH											SOUTH		2.1581	37.6	0.3	2563	2	2281	73	19.6	1.50	8.06	0.09	440	192	3.33	0.44	5.11	0.67	8	13.62	421.59	423.03	2029.79	218.53	2261.94	3.34	5.12
Field	S3		Ambient pH											SOUTH		2.4140	37.6	0.3	2563	2	2281	73	19.6	1.50	8.06	0.09	440	192	3.33	0.44	5.11	0.67	8	13.62	421.59	423.03	2029.79	218.53	2261.94	3.34	5.12
Field	S3		Low pH											SOUTH		2.6301	37.7	0.2	2560	7	2318	99	17.5	2.80	7.75	0.30	1581	2711	1.95	0.85	3.00	1.31	8	32.79	956.88	960.25	2287.13	111.64	2431.57	1.69	2.61
Field	S3		Low pH											SOUTH		1.6278	37.7	0.2	2560	7	2318	99	17.5	2.80	7.75	0.30	1581	2711	1.95	0.85	3.00	1.31	8	32.79	956.88	960.25	2287.13	111.64	2431.57	1.69	2.61
Field	S3		Low pH											SOUTH		3.0368	37.7	0.2	2560	7	2318	99	17.5	2.80	7.75	0.30	1581	2711	1.95	0.85	3.00	1.31	8	32.79	956.88	960.25	2287.13	111.64	2431.57	1.69	2.61
Field			Extreme low pH											North			37.9	0.4	2559	13	2579	207	23.4	0.74	7.20	0.36	6558	21347	0.84	0.54	1.27	0.82	8	110.15	3781.03	3793.42	2456.36	42.33	2608.84	0.65	0.99
Field			Extreme low pH											SOUTH			37.7	0.2	2563	13	3849	790	17.5	2.80	6.59	0.51	23989	16638	0.32	0.62	0.49	0.96	8	526.94	15374.94	15429.85	2542.42	8.59	3077.94	0.13	0.20