Citation:

peerj.2503

Name: A direct CO2 control system for ocean acidification experiments: testing effects on the coralline red algae Phymatolithon lusitanicum
Published: 2016-11-04
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Benthos; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; North Atlantic; Phymatolithon lusitanicum; Plantae; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Respiration; Rhodophyta; Single species; Temperate; Temperature

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Abstract:

Most ocean acidification (OA) experimental systems rely on pH as an indirect way to control CO2. However, accurate pH measurements are difficult to obtain and shifts in temperature and/or salinity alter the relationship between pH and pCO2. Here we describe a system in which the target pCO2 is controlled via direct analysis of pCO2 in seawater. This direct type of control accommodates potential temperature and salinity shifts, as the target variable is directly measured instead of being estimated. Water in a header tank is permanently re-circulated through an air-water equilibrator. The equilibrated air is then routed to an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) that measures pCO2 and conveys this value to a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The controller commands a solenoid valve that opens and closes the CO2 flush that is bubbled into the header tank. This low-cost control system allows the maintenance of stabilized levels of pCO2 for extended periods of time ensuring accurate experimental conditions. This system was used to study the long term effect of OA on the coralline red algae Phymatolithon lusitanicum. We found that after 11 months of high CO2 exposure, photosynthesis increased with CO2 as opposed to respiration, which was positively affected by temperature. Results showed that this system is adequate to run long-term OA experiments and can be easily adapted to test other relevant variables simultaneously with CO2, such as temperature, irradiance and nutrients.

Keyword(s):

Benthos; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; North Atlantic; Phymatolithon lusitanicum; Plantae; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Respiration; Rhodophyta; Single species; Temperate; Temperature

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse (2015): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0.8. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: 37.183510 * Longitude: -8.316680

Event(s):

Armacao_de_Pera * Latitude: 37.183510 * Longitude: -8.316680 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2015) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2016-11-03.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Sordo, Laura		study
2	Species	Species		Sordo, Laura
3	Registration number of species	Reg spec no		Sordo, Laura
4	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Sordo, Laura		WoRMS Aphia ID
5	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Sordo, Laura		treatment
6	Irradiance	E	µmol/m²/s	Sordo, Laura
7	Net photosynthesis rate, oxygen	PN O2	µmol/m²/s	Sordo, Laura
8	Net photosynthesis rate, oxygen	PN O2	µmol/g/s	Sordo, Laura
9	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Sordo, Laura		treatment
10	Respiration rate, oxygen	Resp O2	µmol/m²/s	Sordo, Laura
11	Respiration rate, oxygen, standard error	Resp O2 std e	±	Sordo, Laura
12	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Sordo, Laura	Potentiometric titration
13	Alkalinity, total, standard error	AT std e	±	Sordo, Laura	Potentiometric titration
14	Salinity	Sal		Sordo, Laura
15	Salinity, standard error	Sal std e	±	Sordo, Laura
16	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Sordo, Laura
17	Temperature, water, standard error	T std e	±	Sordo, Laura
18	pH	pH		Sordo, Laura	Potentiometric	NBS scale
19	pH, standard error	pH std e	±	Sordo, Laura	Potentiometric	NBS scale
20	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Sordo, Laura	Calculated using CO2SYS
21	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard error	DIC std e	±	Sordo, Laura	Calculated using CO2SYS
22	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Sordo, Laura	Calculated using CO2SYS
23	Aragonite saturation state, standard error	Omega Arg std e	±	Sordo, Laura	Calculated using CO2SYS
24	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Sordo, Laura	Calculated using CO2SYS
25	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error	pCO2water_SST_wet std e	±	Sordo, Laura	Calculated using CO2SYS
26	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
27	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
28	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
29	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
30	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
31	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
32	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
33	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
34	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
35	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

9073 data points

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