Citation:

ece3.5678

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and the behavioral response to flow of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus
Published: 2019
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Keywords: Acid-base regulation; Animalia; Behaviour; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Echinodermata; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; North Atlantic; Other studied parameter or process; Paracentrotus lividus; Respiration; Single species; Temperate; Temperature

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Abstract:

Ocean warming (OW) and acidification (OA) are intensively investigated as they pose major threats to marine organism. However, little effort is dedicated to another collateral climate change stressor, the increased frequency, and intensity of storm events, here referred to as intensified hydrodynamics. A 2‐month experiment was performed to identify how OW and OA (temperature: 21°C; pHT: 7.7, 7.4; control: 17°C‐pHT7.9) affect the resistance to hydrodynamics in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus using an integrative approach that includes physiology, biomechanics, and behavior. Biomechanics was studied under both no‐flow condition at the tube foot (TF) scale and flow condition at the individual scale. For the former, TF disk adhesive properties (attachment strength, tenacity) and TF stem mechanical properties (breaking force, extensibility, tensile strength, stiffness, toughness) were evaluated. For the latter, resistance to flow was addressed as the flow velocity at which individuals detached. Under near‐ and far‐future OW and OA, individuals fully balanced their acid‐base status, but skeletal growth was halved. TF adhesive properties were not affected by treatments. Compared to the control, mechanical properties were in general improved under pHT7.7 while in the extreme treatment (21°C‐pHT7.4) breaking force was diminished. Three behavioral strategies were implemented by sea urchins and acted together to cope with flow: improving TF attachment, streamlining, and escaping. Behavioral responses varied according to treatment and flow velocity. For instance, individuals at 21°C‐pHT7.4 increased the density of attached TF at slow flows or controlled TF detachment at fast flows to compensate for weakened TF mechanical properties. They also showed an absence of streamlining favoring an escaping behavior as they ventured in a riskier faster movement at slow flows. At faster flows, the effects of OW and OA were detrimental causing earlier dislodgment. These plastic behaviors reflect a potential scope for acclimation in the field, where this species already experiences diel temperature and pH fluctuations.

Keyword(s):

Acid-base regulation; Animalia; Behaviour; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Echinodermata; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; North Atlantic; Other studied parameter or process; Paracentrotus lividus; Respiration; Single species; Temperate; Temperature

Related to:

Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal; Agüera, Antonio; Bouma, Tjeerd J; M'Zoudi, Saloua; Flammang, Patrick; Dubois, Philippe (2020): Data from: Ocean warming and acidification alter the behavioural response to flow of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Dryad, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.123t3gr

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse; Orr, James C; Gentili, Bernard; Hagens, Mathilde; Hofmann, Andreas; Mueller, Jens-Daniel; Proye, Aurélien; Rae, James; Soetaert, Karline (2019): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.2.12. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: 48.237500 * Longitude: -4.455000

Date/Time Start: 2014-09-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2014-09-30T00:00:00

Event(s):

Aber_beach * Latitude: 48.237500 * Longitude: -4.455000 * Date/Time Start: 2014-09-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2014-09-30T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2019) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2020-02-17.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		study
2	Species	Species		Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal
3	Registration number of species	Reg spec no		Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal
4	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		WoRMS Aphia ID
5	Treatment	Treat		Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal
6	Identification	ID		Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		aquarium
7	Identification	ID		Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		urchin
8	Respiration rate, oxygen	Resp O2	µmol/g/h	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		at week 1
9	Respiration rate, oxygen	Resp O2	µmol/g/h	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		at week 8
10	Coelomic fluid, pH	pH (cf)		Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		NBS scale, at week 1
11	Coelomic fluid, pH	pH (cf)		Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		NBS scale, at week 2
12	Coelomic fluid, alkalinity	AT (cf)	µmol/kg	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		at week 1
13	Coelomic fluid, alkalinity	AT (cf)	µmol/kg	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		at week 2
14	Buffer capacity	Buffer cap	mmol/kg	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		at week 1
15	Buffer capacity	Buffer cap	mmol/kg	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		at week 2
16	Surface area	SA	mm²	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		sea urchin adhesive, at week 1
17	Surface area	SA	mm²	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		sea urchin adhesive, at week 8
18	Force	F	N	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		sea urchin detachment, at week 1
19	Force	F	N	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		sea urchin detachment, at week 8
20	Tenacity	Tenacity	MPa	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		urchin, at week 1
21	Tenacity	Tenacity	MPa	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		urchin, at week 8
22	Surface area	SA	mm²	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		adhesive surface area of a single tube foot disk, at week 1
23	Surface area	SA	mm²	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		adhesive surface area of a single tube foot disk, at week 8
24	Force	F	N	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		tube foot disk detachment, at week 1
25	Force	F	N	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		tube foot disk detachment, at week 8
26	Tenacity	Tenacity	MPa	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		tube foot disk, at week 1
27	Tenacity	Tenacity	MPa	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		tube foot disk, at week 8
28	Surface area	SA	µm²	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		cross-sectional surface area of the stem connective tissue layer, at week 1
29	Surface area	SA	µm²	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		cross-sectional surface area of the stem connective tissue layer, at week 8
30	Breaking force	Breaking F	N	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		at week 1
31	Breaking force	Breaking F	N	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		at week 8
32	Extensibility	Exten		Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		at week 1
33	Extensibility	Exten		Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		at week 8
34	Strength	Strength	MPa	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		tensile, at week 1
35	Strength	Strength	MPa	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		tensile, at week 8
36	Stiffness	Stiff	MPa	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		at week 1
37	Stiffness	Stiff	MPa	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		at week 8
38	Toughness	Tough	J/m³	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		at week 1
39	Toughness	Tough	J/m³	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		at week 2
40	Number	n	#	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		adoral TF
41	Diameter	Ø	mm	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		test diameter without spines
42	Height	h	mm	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		test height without spines
43	Length	l	mm	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		ambital spine
44	Flow velocity, water	Vel water	m/s	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal
45	Velocity	V	cm/s	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		detachment velocity under the flow1 regime
46	Velocity	V	cm/s	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		detachment velocity under the flow2 regime
47	Angle	Angle	deg	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		spine
48	Tube foot density	TF dens	#/mm²	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		total attached TF relative to oral test surface area
49	Percentage	Perc	%	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		total attached TF relative to the number of adoral TF
50	Movement velocity	Movement V	cm/min	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		sea urchin active
51	Direction	Direction	deg	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		sea urchin active
52	Circularity	Circularity		Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal
53	Aspect ratio	Aspect ratio		Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal
54	Growth	Growth	%	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		ambital sea urchin test diameter with spines
55	Growth	Growth	%	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		test diameter without spines
56	Growth	Growth	%	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		test height without spines
57	Growth	Growth	%	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		ambital spine length
58	Growth	Growth	mm	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		jaw size
59	Time in weeks	Time week	weeks	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal
60	Tenacity	Tenacity	MPa	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		sea urchin
61	Tenacity, standard deviation	Tenacity std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		sea urchin
62	Force	F	N	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		sea urchin disk detachment
63	Force, standard deviation	F std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		sea urchin disk detachment
64	Surface area	SA	mm²	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		sea urchin adhesive
65	Surface area, standard deviation	SA std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		sea urchin adhesive
66	Tenacity	Tenacity	MPa	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		tube foot disk
67	Tenacity, standard deviation	Tenacity std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		tube foot disk
68	Force	F	N	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		tube foot disk detachment
69	Force, standard deviation	F std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		tube foot disk detachment
70	Surface area	SA	mm²	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		tube foot disk adhesive
71	Surface area, standard deviation	SA std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		tube foot disk adhesive
72	Surface area	SA	µm²	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		connective tissue layer
73	Surface area, standard deviation	SA std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		connective tissue layer
74	Breaking force	Breaking F	N	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal
75	Breaking force, standard deviation	Breaking F std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal
76	Extensibility	Exten		Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal
77	Extensibility, standard deviation	Exten std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal
78	Strength	Strength	MPa	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal
79	Strength, standard deviation	Strength std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal
80	Stiffness	Stiff	MPa	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal
81	Stiffness, standard deviation	Stiff std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal
82	Toughness	Tough	J/m³	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal
83	Toughness, standard deviation	Tough std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal
84	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		effective
85	Temperature, water, standard deviation	Temp std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal		effective
86	pH	pH		Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal	Potentiometric	total scale
87	pH, standard deviation	pH std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal	Potentiometric	total scale
88	Salinity	Sal		Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal
89	Salinity, standard deviation	Sal std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal
90	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal	Potentiometric titration
91	Alkalinity, total, standard deviation	AT std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal	Potentiometric titration
92	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal	Calculated using CO2SYS
93	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal	Calculated using CO2SYS
94	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal	Calculated using CO2SYS
95	Carbon dioxide, standard deviation	CO2 std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal	Calculated using CO2SYS
96	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal	Calculated using CO2SYS
97	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal	Calculated using CO2SYS
98	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal	Calculated using CO2SYS
99	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal	Calculated using CO2SYS
100	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal	Calculated using CO2SYS
101	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal	Calculated using CO2SYS
102	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal	Calculated using CO2SYS
103	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Cohen‐Rengifo, Mishal	Calculated using CO2SYS
104	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
105	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
106	Carbon dioxide, standard deviation	CO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
107	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
108	Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation	fCO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
109	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
110	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation	pCO2 std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
111	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
112	Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation	[HCO3]- std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
113	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
114	Carbonate ion, standard deviation	[CO3]2- std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
115	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
116	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation	DIC std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
117	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
118	Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Arg std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)
119	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
120	Calcite saturation state, standard deviation	Omega Cal std dev	±	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY-4.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

84692 data points

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