Citation:

j.fsi.2016.04.030

Name: Ocean acidification weakens the immune response of blood clam through hampering the NF-kappa beta and toll-like receptor pathways
Published: 2016-06-24
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Brackish waters; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Gene expression (incl. proteomics); Growth/Morphology; Immunology/Self-protection; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; North Pacific; Single species; Tegillarca granosa; Temperate

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Abstract:

The impact of pCO2 driven ocean acidification on marine bivalve immunity remains poorly understood. To date, this impact has only been investigated in a few bivalve species and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. In the present study, the effects of the realistic future ocean pCO2 levels (pH at 8.1, 7.8, and 7.4) on the total number of haemocyte cells (THC), phagocytosis status, blood cell types composition, and expression levels of twelve genes from the NF-kappa beta signaling and toll-like receptor pathways of a typical bottom burrowing bivalve, blood clam (Tegillarca granosa), were investigated. The results obtained showed that while both THC number and phagocytosis frequency were significantly reduced, the percentage of red and basophil granulocytes were significantly decreased and increased, respectively, upon exposure to elevated pCO2. In addition, exposure to pCO2 acidified seawater generally led to a significant down-regulation in the inducer and key response genes of NF-kappa beta signaling and toll-like receptor pathways. The results of the present study revealed that ocean acidification may hamper immune responses of the bivalve T. granosa which subsequently render individuals more susceptible to pathogens attacks such as those from virus and bacteria.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Brackish waters; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Gene expression (incl. proteomics); Growth/Morphology; Immunology/Self-protection; Laboratory experiment; Mollusca; North Pacific; Single species; Tegillarca granosa; Temperate

Further details:

Gattuso, Jean-Pierre; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Lavigne, Héloïse (2015): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0.8. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2015) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2016-06-21.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Type	Type		Liu, Guangxu		study
2	Species	Species		Liu, Guangxu
3	Registration number of species	Reg spec no		Liu, Guangxu
4	Uniform resource locator/link to reference	URL ref		Liu, Guangxu		WoRMS Aphia ID
5	Height	h	mm	Liu, Guangxu
6	Height, standard error	h std e	±	Liu, Guangxu
7	Tissues	Tissues		Liu, Guangxu
8	Date	Date		Liu, Guangxu
9	Treatment	Treat		Liu, Guangxu
10	Gene name	Gene		Liu, Guangxu
11	mRNA gene expression, relative	mRNA express		Liu, Guangxu
12	mRNA gene expression, relative, standard error	mRNA express std e	±	Liu, Guangxu
13	Hemocyte count	Hemocyte	#	Liu, Guangxu
14	Hemocyte count, standard error	Hemocyte std e	±	Liu, Guangxu
15	Percentage	Perc	%	Liu, Guangxu		red granulocyte
16	Percentage, standard error	Perc std e	±	Liu, Guangxu		red granulocyte
17	Percentage	Perc	%	Liu, Guangxu		basophil granulocyte
18	Percentage, standard error	Perc std e	±	Liu, Guangxu		basophil granulocyte
19	Percentage	Perc	%	Liu, Guangxu		hyalinocyte
20	Percentage, standard error	Perc std e	±	Liu, Guangxu		hyalinocyte
21	Phagocytosis rate	Phagocytosis rate	%	Liu, Guangxu
22	Phagocytosis rate, standard error	Phagocytosis rate std e	±	Liu, Guangxu
23	pH	pH		Liu, Guangxu	Potentiometric	NBS scale
24	pH, standard error	pH std e	±	Liu, Guangxu	Potentiometric	NBS scale
25	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Liu, Guangxu	Calculated using CO2SYS
26	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error	pCO2water_SST_wet std e	±	Liu, Guangxu	Calculated using CO2SYS
27	Salinity	Sal		Liu, Guangxu
28	Salinity, standard error	Sal std e	±	Liu, Guangxu
29	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Liu, Guangxu
30	Temperature, water, standard error	T std e	±	Liu, Guangxu
31	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Liu, Guangxu	Potentiometric titration
32	Alkalinity, total, standard error	AT std e	±	Liu, Guangxu	Potentiometric titration
33	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Liu, Guangxu	Calculated using CO2SYS
34	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard error	DIC std e	±	Liu, Guangxu	Calculated using CO2SYS
35	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Liu, Guangxu	Calculated using CO2SYS
36	Aragonite saturation state, standard error	Omega Arg std e	±	Liu, Guangxu	Calculated using CO2SYS
37	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Liu, Guangxu	Calculated using CO2SYS
38	Calcite saturation state, standard error	Omega Cal std e	±	Liu, Guangxu	Calculated using CO2SYS
39	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
40	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
41	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
42	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
43	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
44	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
45	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
46	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
47	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
48	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

1503 data points

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