Citation:

0959683615612566

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Abstract:

We analyzed the pollen content of a marine core located near the bay of Guayaquil in Ecuador to document the link between sea surface temperatures (SST) and changes in rainfall regimes on the adjacent continent during the Holocene. Based on the expansion/regression of five vegetation types, we observe three successive climatic patterns. In the first phase, between 11,700 and 7700 cal yr BP, the presence of a cloud (Andean) forest in the mid altitudes and mangroves in the estuary of the Guayas Basin, were associated with a maximum in boreal summer insolation, a northernmost position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), a land- sea thermal contrast, and dryness. Between 7700 and 2850 cal yr BP, the expansion of the coastal herbs and the regression of the mangrove indicate a drier climate with weak ITCZ and low ENSO variability while austral winter insolation gradually increased. The interval between 4200 and 2850 cal yr BP was marked by the coolest and driest climatic conditions of the Holocene due to the weak influence of the ITCZ and a strengthening of the Humboldt Current. After 2850 cal yr BP, high variability and amplitude of the Andean forest changes occurred when ENSO frequency and amplitude increased, indicating high variability in land-sea connections. The ITCZ reached the latitude of Guayaquil only after 2500 cal yr BP inducing the bimodal precipitation regime we observe today. Our study shows that besides insolation, the ITCZ position and ENSO frequency, changes in eastern equatorial Pacific SSTs play a major role in determining the composition of the ecosystems and the hydrological cycle of the Ecuadorian Pacific coast and the Western Cordillera in Ecuador.

Coverage:

Latitude: -3.749830 * Longitude: -81.120800

Date/Time Start: 2008-12-11T17:50:00 * Date/Time End: 2008-12-11T17:50:00

Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.035 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 10.620 m

Event(s):

M77/2_056-3 (M77/2_746) * Latitude: -3.749830 * Longitude: -81.120800 * Date/Time: 2008-12-11T17:50:00 * Elevation: -350.0 m * Recovery: 11.01 m * Campaign: * Basis: * Method/Device: Piston corer (PC)

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda		Geocode
2	AGE	Age	ka BP	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda		Geocode
3	Pollen, total	Pollen tot	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
4	Taxa analyzed	Taxa anal	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
5	Podocarpus	Pod	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
6	Rhizophora	Rhiz	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
7	Acanthaceae	Acanteae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
8	Alchornea	Alchornea	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
9	Annonaceae	Annonaceae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
10	Araceae	Arae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
11	Arecaceae/Palmaceae-type	Arecaceae/Palmaceae-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
12	Arecacaea dictyocaryum	A. dictyocaryum	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
13	Arecaceae triangulaire	A. triangulaire	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
14	Anacardiaceae	Anaae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
15	Bignoniaceae	Bignceae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
16	Bombacaceae	Bombacaceae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
17	Burseraceae-type	Burseraceae-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
18	Cactaceae	Cactaceae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
19	Cucurbitaceae	Cucureae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
20	Diospyros	Diospyro	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
21	Euphorbia/Mabea-type	Euphorbia/Mabea-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
22	Fabaceae-type	Tab-type	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
23	Flacourtiaceae banara-type	F. banara-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
24	Hyeronima	Hyeronima	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
25	Iriartea	Iriartea	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
26	lecythidaceae	lecythidaceae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
27	Loranthaceae	Lorae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
28	Meliaceae	Meliaceae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
29	Mimosa	Mimosa	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
30	Myrtaceae	Mytae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
31	Phyllanthus	Phyllanthus	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
32	Rubiaceae alibertia-type	R. alibertia-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
33	Rubiaceae borreria-type	R. borreria-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
34	Rubiaceae manettia-type	R. manettia-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
35	Rubiaceae palicourea-type	R. palicourea-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
36	Rubiaceae rudgea-type	R. rudgea-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
37	Rutaceae	Rutae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
38	Sapium	Sapium	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
39	Sapotaceae	Sapeae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
40	Sterculiaceae byttneria-type	S. byttneria-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
41	Sterculiaceae guazuma	S. guazuma	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
42	Tetrorchidium	Tetrorch	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
43	Ulmaceae	Ulmeae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
44	Urticaceae/Moraceae-type	Urticaceae/Moraceae-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
45	Alnus	Aln	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
46	Hedyosmum	Hedyosmum	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
47	Araliaceae	Araae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
48	Bocconia	Bocconia	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
49	Caesalpiniaceae	Caesalpiniaceae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
50	Caesalpinia senna-type	Caesalpinia-Senna-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
51	Cerastium/Stellaria-type	Cerastium/Stellaria-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
52	Clethra	Clethra	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
53	Clusiaceae	Clusiaceae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
54	Convolvulaceae marIpa-type	C. marIpa-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
55	Convolvulaceae	Conae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
56	Daphnopsis	Daphnopsis	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
57	Dodonea	Dodonea	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
58	Drimys	Drimys	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
59	Ilex	Ile	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
60	Juglans	Jug	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
61	Lamiaceae	Lamae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
62	Malpighiaceae	Malpceae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
63	Melastomataceae-type	Melastomataceae-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
64	Myrica	Myr	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
65	Myrsinaceae	Myrsinaceae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
66	Onagraceae	Onaae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
67	Passiflora	Passiflora	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
68	Polylepis/Acaena-type	Polylepis/Acaena-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
69	Proteaceae	Proteaceae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
70	Rapanea	Rapanea	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
71	Symplocos	Symplocos	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
72	Vallea	Vallea	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
73	Vicia	Vic	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
74	Vismia	Vismia	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
75	Weinmannia	Weinmannia	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
76	Acalypha	Acalypha	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
77	Apiaceae	Apiae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
78	Apiaceae daucus-type	A. daucus-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
79	Baccharis/Taraxacum-type	Baccharis/Taraxacum-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
80	Campanulaceae	Camae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
81	Chenopodiaceae/Amarantaceae-type	Chenopodiaceae/Amarantaceae-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
82	Ericaceae	Eriae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
83	Gentianaceae	Genae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
84	Malvaceae	Malvae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
85	Plantago	Pla	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
86	Polygonaceae	Polae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
87	Solanaceae	Solae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
88	Renonculaceae	Renonculaceae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
89	Thalictrum	Tha	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
90	Ambrosia-type	Amb-T	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
91	Poaceae	Poac	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
92	Bromeliaceae	Bromeliaceae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
93	Scrophulariaceae lamouroxia	S. lamouroxia	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
94	Cyperaceae	Cypae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
95	Juncaceae	Jucae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
96	Nympheaceae	Nympheaceae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
97	Pontederia	Pontederia	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
98	Typha	Typ	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
99	Indeterminable: broken	Ind.brok	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
100	Indeterminable: hidden	Ind.hidd	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
101	Indeterminable: corroded	Ind.corr	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
102	Indeterminable: crumpled	Ind.crum	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
103	Indeterminable: unknown	Ind.unkn	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
104	Pollen indeterminata	Pollen indet	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology	type 1
105	Pollen indeterminata	Pollen indet	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology	type 2
106	Pollen indeterminata	Pollen indet	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology	type 3
107	Pollen indeterminata	Pollen indet	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology	type 4
108	Aspleniaceae	Aspleniaceae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
109	Cyathea	Cyathea	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
110	Cyatheaceae	Cyatheaceae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
111	Elaphoglossum	Elaphoglossum	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
112	Equisetum	Equ	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
113	Lycopodiaceae	Lycae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
114	Ophioglossaceae	Ophae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
115	Polypodium	Ppd	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
116	Pteridaceae	Pteridae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
117	Selaginella	Sel	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
118	Grammitidaceae	Grammitidaceae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
119	Anthocerotaceae anthoceros	A. anthoceros	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
120	Adiantaceae	Adiantaceae	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology
121	Spores, trilete	trilete spores	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology	type 1
122	Spores, trilete	trilete spores	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology	type 2
123	Spores, trilete	trilete spores	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology	type 3
124	Spores, trilete	trilete spores	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology	type 4
125	Spores, trilete	trilete spores	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology	type 5
126	Spores, trilete	trilete spores	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology	type 6
127	Spores, trilete	trilete spores	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology	type 7
128	Spores, trilete	trilete spores	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology	type 8
129	Spores, monolete	monolete	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology	type 1
130	Spores, monolete	monolete	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology	type 2
131	Spores, monolete	monolete	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology	type 3
132	Spores, monolete	monolete	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology	type 4
133	Spores, monolete	monolete	#	Sanchez Goñi, Maria Fernanda	Counting, palynology	type 5

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

16375 data points

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