Citation:

nclimate1855

Name: Spatial community shift from hard to soft corals in acidified water
Published: 2013
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Laboratory experiment; North Pacific; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Sarcophyton elegans; Single species; Temperate

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Abstract:

Anthropogenic increases in the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) cause ocean acidification, declining calcium carbonate saturation states, reduced coral reef calcification and changes in the compositions of marine communities. Most projected community changes due to ocean acidification describe transitions from hard coral to non-calcifying macroalgal communities; other organisms have received less attention, despite the biotic diversity of coral reef communities. We show that the spatial distributions of both hard and soft coral communities in volcanically acidified, semi-enclosed waters off Iwotorishima Island, Japan, are related to pCO2 levels. Hard corals are restricted to non-acidified low- pCO2 (225 µatm) zones, dense populations of the soft coral Sarcophyton elegans dominate medium- pCO2 (831 µatm) zones, and both hard and soft corals are absent from the highest- pCO2 (1,465 µatm) zone. In CO2-enriched culture experiments, high- pCO2 conditions benefited Sarcophyton elegans by enhancing photosynthesis rates and did not affect light calcification, but dark decalcification (negative net calcification) increased with increasing pCO2. These results suggest that reef communities may shift from reef-building hard corals to non-reef-building soft corals under pCO2 levels (550-970 µatm) predicted by the end of this century, and that higher pCO2 levels would challenge the survival of some reef organisms.

Keyword(s):

Animalia; Benthic animals; Benthos; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Cnidaria; Coast and continental shelf; Laboratory experiment; North Pacific; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Sarcophyton elegans; Single species; Temperate

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2014): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-10-15.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		Inoue, Shihori
2	Sample ID	Sample ID		Inoue, Shihori
3	Treatment	Treat		Inoue, Shihori
4	Dry mass	Dry m	g	Inoue, Shihori		soft coral
5	Mass	Mass	g	Inoue, Shihori		seawater in chamber
6	Irradiance	E	µmol/m²/s	Inoue, Shihori
7	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Inoue, Shihori		average
8	Time in days	Time	days	Inoue, Shihori
9	Salinity	Sal		Inoue, Shihori		start
10	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Inoue, Shihori	Potentiometric titration	start
11	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Inoue, Shihori	Calculated using CO2SYS	start
12	pH	pH		Inoue, Shihori	Potentiometric	start, NBS scale
13	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Inoue, Shihori	Calculated using CO2SYS	start
14	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Inoue, Shihori	Calculated using CO2SYS	start
15	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Inoue, Shihori	Calculated using CO2SYS	start
16	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Inoue, Shihori	Calculated using CO2SYS	start
17	Salinity	Sal		Inoue, Shihori		final
18	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Inoue, Shihori	Potentiometric titration	final
19	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Inoue, Shihori	Calculated using CO2SYS	final
20	pH	pH		Inoue, Shihori	Potentiometric	final, NBS scale
21	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Inoue, Shihori	Calculated using CO2SYS	final
22	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Inoue, Shihori	Calculated using CO2SYS	final
23	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Inoue, Shihori	Calculated using CO2SYS	final
24	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Inoue, Shihori	Calculated using CO2SYS	final
25	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Inoue, Shihori	Potentiometric titration	average
26	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Inoue, Shihori	Calculated using CO2SYS	average
27	pH	pH		Inoue, Shihori	Potentiometric	average, NBS scale
28	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Inoue, Shihori	Calculated using CO2SYS	average
29	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Inoue, Shihori	Calculated using CO2SYS	average
30	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Inoue, Shihori	Calculated using CO2SYS	average
31	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Inoue, Shihori	Calculated using CO2SYS	average
32	Net photosynthesis rate, oxygen	PN O2	µmol/g/h	Inoue, Shihori
33	Net calcification rate of calcium carbonate	NC CaCO3	µmol/g/h	Inoue, Shihori
34	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
35	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	total scale
36	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
37	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
38	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
39	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
40	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
41	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
42	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

3360 data points

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