Citation:

journal.pone.0097235

Name: Diffusion boundary layers ameliorate the negative effects of ocean acidification on the temperate coralline macroalga Arthrocardia corymbosa
Published: 2014-10-14
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Arthrocardia corymbosa; Benthos; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; Plantae; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Reproduction; Rhodophyta; Single species; South Pacific; Temperate

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Abstract:

Anthropogenically-modulated reductions in pH, termed ocean acidification, could pose a major threat to the physiological performance, stocks, and biodiversity of calcifiers and may devalue their ecosystem services. Recent debate has focussed on the need to develop approaches to arrest the potential negative impacts of ocean acidification on ecosystems dominated by calcareous organisms. In this study, we demonstrate the role of a discrete (i.e. diffusion) boundary layer (DBL), formed at the surface of some calcifying species under slow flows, in buffering them from the corrosive effects of low pH seawater. The coralline macroalga Arthrocardia corymbosa was grown in a multifactorial experiment with two mean pH levels (8.05 'ambient' and 7.65 a worst case 'ocean acidification' scenario projected for 2100), each with two levels of seawater flow (fast and slow, i.e. DBL thin or thick). Coralline algae grown under slow flows with thick DBLs (i.e., unstirred with regular replenishment of seawater to their surface) maintained net growth and calcification at pH 7.65 whereas those in higher flows with thin DBLs had net dissolution. Growth under ambient seawater pH (8.05) was not significantly different in thin and thick DBL treatments. No other measured diagnostic (recruit sizes and numbers, photosynthetic metrics, %C, %N, %MgCO3) responded to the effects of reduced seawater pH. Thus, flow conditions that promote the formation of thick DBLs, may enhance the subsistence of calcifiers by creating localised hydrodynamic conditions where metabolic activity ameliorates the negative impacts of ocean acidification.

Keyword(s):

Arthrocardia corymbosa; Benthos; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Calcification/Dissolution; Coast and continental shelf; Containers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2); Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Macroalgae; Plantae; Primary production/Photosynthesis; Reproduction; Rhodophyta; Single species; South Pacific; Temperate

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2014): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0 [webpage]. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Coverage:

Latitude: -45.638890 * Longitude: 170.670830

Date/Time Start: 2011-09-22T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2011-09-22T00:00:00

Event(s):

Karitane_South_Island * Latitude: -45.638890 * Longitude: 170.670830 * Date/Time Start: 2011-09-22T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2011-09-22T00:00:00 * Method/Device: Experiment (EXP)

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-10-13.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Species	Species		Cornwall, Christopher Edward
2	Identification	ID		Cornwall, Christopher Edward		tank number
3	Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II	Fv/Fm		Cornwall, Christopher Edward		initial
4	pH, total scale	pHT		Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Potentiometric	total scale
5	pH, standard error	pH std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Potentiometric	total scale
6	Treatment	Treat		Cornwall, Christopher Edward
7	Maximum photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II	Fv/Fm		Cornwall, Christopher Edward		final
8	Maximal electron transport rate, relative	rETR max	µmol e/m²/s	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
9	Light capturing capacity	alpha		Cornwall, Christopher Edward
10	Photoinhibition	beta	µmol electrons/µmol quanta	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
11	Light saturation point	Ik	µmol/m²/s	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
12	Growth rate	µ	1/day	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
13	Chlorophyll a	Chl a	µg/g	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
14	Chlorophyll c	Chl c	µg/g	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
15	Chlorophyll d	Chl d	µg/g	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
16	Phycocyanin	Phycoc	µg/g	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
17	Phycoerythrin	Phycoe	µg/g	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
18	Recruitment	Recruitment	#/cm²	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
19	Recruit size	Recruit size	mm²	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
20	Calcification rate of calcium carbonate	Calc rate CaCO3	mg/mg/day	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
21	δ15N	δ15N	‰ air	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
22	Nitrogen, organic	N org	%	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
23	δ13C	δ13C	‰ PDB	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
24	Carbon, organic, total	TOC	%	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
25	Carbon/Nitrogen ratio	C/N		Cornwall, Christopher Edward
26	Calcite	Cal	%	Cornwall, Christopher Edward		for the Mg calcite
27	Proportion	Prop		Cornwall, Christopher Edward		tissue for organic material
28	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated
29	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated	night
30	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated	initial
31	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
32	Temperature, water, standard error	T std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
33	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated
34	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard error	DIC std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated
35	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Potentiometric titration
36	Alkalinity, total, standard error	AT std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Potentiometric titration
37	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated
38	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error	pCO2water_SST_wet std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated
39	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated
40	Bicarbonate ion, standard error	[HCO3]- std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated
41	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated
42	Carbonate ion, standard error	[CO3]2- std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated
43	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated
44	Carbon dioxide, standard error	CO2 std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward	Calculated
45	Diffusive boundary layer	DBL	µm	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
46	Diffusive boundary layer, standard error	DBL std e	±	Cornwall, Christopher Edward
47	Salinity	Sal		Cornwall, Christopher Edward
48	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
49	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
50	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
51	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
52	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
53	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
54	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
55	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
56	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

3500 data points

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