Citation:

journal.pone.0094068

Name: Impacts of ocean acidification on sediment processes in shallow waters of the arctic ocean
Published: 2014-07-23
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Arctic; Benthos; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Entire community; Laboratory experiment; Polar; Soft-bottom community

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Abstract:

Despite the important roles of shallow-water sediments in global biogeochemical cycling, the effects of ocean acidification on sedimentary processes have received relatively little attention. As high-latitude cold waters can absorb more CO2 and usually have a lower buffering capacity than warmer waters, acidification rates in these areas are faster than those in sub-tropical regions. The present study investigates the effects of ocean acidification on sediment composition, processes and sediment-water fluxes in an Arctic coastal system. Undisturbed sediment cores, exempt of large dwelling organisms, were collected, incubated for a period of 14 days, and subject to a gradient of pCO2 covering the range of values projected for the end of the century. On five occasions during the experimental period, the sediment cores were isolated for flux measurements (oxygen, alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon, ammonium, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate). At the end of the experimental period, denitrification rates were measured and sediment samples were taken at several depth intervals for solid-phase analyses. Most of the parameters and processes (i.e. mineralization, denitrification) investigated showed no relationship with the overlying seawater pH, suggesting that ocean acidification will have limited impacts on the microbial activity and associated sediment-water fluxes on Arctic shelves, in the absence of active bio-irrigating organisms. Only following a pH decrease of 1 pH unit, not foreseen in the coming 300 years, significant enhancements of calcium carbonate dissolution and anammox rates were observed. Longer-term experiments on different sediment types are still required to confirm the limited impact of ocean acidification on shallow Arctic sediment processes as observed in this study.

Keyword(s):

Arctic; Benthos; Biomass/Abundance/Elemental composition; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Coast and continental shelf; Entire community; Laboratory experiment; Polar; Soft-bottom community

Original version:

Gazeau, Frédéric; von Rijswijk, P; Pozzato, L; Middelburg, Jack J (2010): EPOCA 2009 Svalbard benthic experiment: fluxes. Netherlands Institute of Ecology, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.745038

Gazeau, Frédéric; von Rijswijk, P; Pozzato, L; Middelburg, Jack J (2010): EPOCA 2009 Svalbard benthic experiment: seawater carbonate chemistry and nutrients. Netherlands Institute of Ecology, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.745049

Gazeau, Frédéric; von Rijswijk, P; Pozzato, L; Middelburg, Jack J (2010): EPOCA 2009 Svalbard benthic experiment: sediments. Netherlands Institute of Ecology, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.745039

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Epitalon, Jean-Marie; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2014): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 3.0. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

European Project on Ocean Acidification (EPOCA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 211384 : European Project on Ocean Acidification

Coverage:

Date/Time Start: 2009-06-28T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2009-06-28T00:00:00

Minimum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.005 m * Maximum DEPTH, sediment/rock: 0.270 m

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne et al, 2014) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation is 2014-07-22.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	DATE/TIME	Date/Time				Geocode
2	Core	Core		Gazeau, Frédéric
3	DEPTH, sediment/rock	Depth sed	m			Geocode
4	Size fraction 1.000-0.500 mm, 0.0-1.0 phi, coarse sand	1-0.5 mm	%	Gazeau, Frédéric
5	Percentile 10	Perc10	µm	Gazeau, Frédéric
6	Percentile 90	Perc90	µm	Gazeau, Frédéric
7	Median, grain size	D50	µm	Gazeau, Frédéric
8	Median, grain size	D50	phi	Gazeau, Frédéric
9	Peak area	Peak area	cm²	Gazeau, Frédéric
10	Deviation	Dev	phi	Gazeau, Frédéric
11	Size fraction < 0.016 mm	<16 µm	%	Gazeau, Frédéric
12	Size fraction < 0.002 mm, clay	<2 µm	%	Gazeau, Frédéric
13	Size fraction < 0.032 mm	<32 µm	%	Gazeau, Frédéric
14	Size fraction < 0.004 mm, clay	<4 µm	%	Gazeau, Frédéric
15	Size fraction < 0.050 mm	<50 µm	%	Gazeau, Frédéric
16	Size fraction < 0.063 mm, mud, silt+clay	<63 µm	%	Gazeau, Frédéric
17	Size fraction < 0.008 mm, clay	<8 µm	%	Gazeau, Frédéric
18	Size fraction 0.250-0.125 mm, 2.0-3.0 phi, fine sand	250-125 µm	%	Gazeau, Frédéric
19	beta-Carotene, beta,beta-Carotene per unit sediment mass	bb-Car/sed	µg/g	Gazeau, Frédéric
20	Chlorophyll a per unit sediment mass	Chl a/sed	µg/g	Gazeau, Frédéric
21	Chlorophyll a + pheophorbides per unit sediment mass	Chl a+pheo/sed	µg/g	Gazeau, Frédéric
22	Chlorophyll b per unit sediment mass	Chl b/sed	µg/g	Gazeau, Frédéric
23	Chlorophyll c per unit sediment mass	Chl c/sed	µg/g	Gazeau, Frédéric
24	Diadinoxanthin per unit sediment mass	Ddx/sed	µg/g	Gazeau, Frédéric
25	Diatoxanthin per unit sediment mass	Diato/sed	µg/g	Gazeau, Frédéric
26	Phaeophytin a per unit sediment mass	Phaeophytin a/sed	µg/g	Gazeau, Frédéric
27	Phaeophytin a + allomer and isomer per unit sediment mass	Phaeophytin a+/sed	µg/g	Gazeau, Frédéric
28	Phaeophorbide a per unit sediment mass	Phaeopho a/sed	µg/g	Gazeau, Frédéric
29	Fucoxanthin per unit sediment mass	Fuco/sed	µg/g	Gazeau, Frédéric
30	Neoxanthin per unit sediment mass	Neo/sed	µg/g	Gazeau, Frédéric
31	Peridinin per unit sediment mass	Perid/sed	µg/g	Gazeau, Frédéric
32	Violaxanthin per unit sediment mass	Viola/sed	µg/g	Gazeau, Frédéric
33	Zeaxanthin per unit sediment mass	Zea/sed	µg/g	Gazeau, Frédéric
34	Nitrogen, total	TN	%	Gazeau, Frédéric
35	δ13C, particulate organic carbon	δ13C POC	‰ PDB	Gazeau, Frédéric
36	δ15N, particulate organic nitrogen	δ15N PON	‰ air	Gazeau, Frédéric
37	δ13C, total particulate carbon	δ13C TPC	‰ PDB	Gazeau, Frédéric
38	Carbon, organic, total	TOC	%	Gazeau, Frédéric
39	Carbon, total	TC	%	Gazeau, Frédéric
40	Date/time start	Date/time start		Gazeau, Frédéric
41	Date/time end	Date/time end		Gazeau, Frédéric
42	Identification	ID		Gazeau, Frédéric		incubation
43	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Gazeau, Frédéric		target
44	Alkalinity, total, flux	AT flux	mmol(eq)/m²/day	Gazeau, Frédéric
45	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, flux	DIC flux	mmol/m²/day	Gazeau, Frédéric
46	Oxygen, flux, sediment oxygen demand	SOD	mmol/m²/day	Gazeau, Frédéric
47	Ammonium, flux	[NH4]+ flux	mmol/m²/day	Gazeau, Frédéric
48	Nitrite, flux	[NO2]- flux	µmol/m²/day	Gazeau, Frédéric
49	Nitrate, flux	[NO3]- flux	µmol/m²/day	Gazeau, Frédéric
50	Nitrite and nitrate, flux	NO2+NO3 flux	µmol/m²/day	Gazeau, Frédéric
51	Nitrogen, inorganic, dissolved, flux	DIN flux	µmol/m²/day	Gazeau, Frédéric
52	Phosphate, flux	[PO4]3- flux	µmol/m²/day	Gazeau, Frédéric
53	Silicon, particulate, flux	Si flux	mmol/m²/day	Gazeau, Frédéric
54	Depth water equivalent	Depth w.e.	m	Gazeau, Frédéric
55	Sample volume	Samp vol	l	Gazeau, Frédéric		water on top of sediment
56	Salinity	Sal		Gazeau, Frédéric
57	Oxygen	O2	µmol/l	Gazeau, Frédéric		t0
58	Oxygen	O2	µmol/l	Gazeau, Frédéric		tf
59	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Gazeau, Frédéric		t0
60	pH	pH		Gazeau, Frédéric	Potentiometric	t0, total scale
61	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Gazeau, Frédéric	Potentiometric titration	t0
62	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Gazeau, Frédéric	Calculated using seacarb	t0
63	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Gazeau, Frédéric	Calculated using seacarb	t0
64	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Gazeau, Frédéric	Calculated using seacarb	t0
65	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Gazeau, Frédéric	Calculated using seacarb	t0
66	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Gazeau, Frédéric	Calculated using seacarb	t0
67	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Gazeau, Frédéric	Calculated using seacarb	t0
68	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Gazeau, Frédéric	Calculated using seacarb	t0
69	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Gazeau, Frédéric	Calculated using seacarb	t0
70	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Gazeau, Frédéric		tf
71	pH	pH		Gazeau, Frédéric	Potentiometric	tf, total scale
72	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Gazeau, Frédéric	Potentiometric titration	tf
73	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Gazeau, Frédéric	Calculated using seacarb	tf
74	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Gazeau, Frédéric	Calculated using seacarb	tf
75	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Gazeau, Frédéric	Calculated using seacarb	tf
76	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Gazeau, Frédéric	Calculated using seacarb	tf
77	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Gazeau, Frédéric	Calculated using seacarb	tf
78	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Gazeau, Frédéric	Calculated using seacarb	tf
79	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Gazeau, Frédéric	Calculated using seacarb	tf
80	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Gazeau, Frédéric	Calculated using seacarb	tf
81	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Gazeau, Frédéric		while measuring total alkalinity
82	Density, mass density	Density	kg/m³	Gazeau, Frédéric
83	Alkalinity, total	AT	mmol(eq)/l	Gazeau, Frédéric		t0
84	Alkalinity, total	AT	mmol(eq)/l	Gazeau, Frédéric		tf
85	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/l	Gazeau, Frédéric		t0
86	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/l	Gazeau, Frédéric		tf
87	Ammonium	[NH4]+	µmol/l	Gazeau, Frédéric	Spectrophotometric	t0
88	Ammonium	[NH4]+	µmol/l	Gazeau, Frédéric	Spectrophotometric	tf
89	Nitrite	[NO2]-	µmol/l	Gazeau, Frédéric	Spectrophotometric	t0
90	Nitrite	[NO2]-	µmol/l	Gazeau, Frédéric	Spectrophotometric	tf
91	Nitrate	[NO3]-	µmol/l	Gazeau, Frédéric	Spectrophotometric	t0
92	Nitrate	[NO3]-	µmol/l	Gazeau, Frédéric	Spectrophotometric	tf
93	Nitrate and Nitrite	[NO3]- + [NO2]-	µmol/l	Gazeau, Frédéric	Spectrophotometric	t0
94	Nitrate and Nitrite	[NO3]- + [NO2]-	µmol/l	Gazeau, Frédéric	Spectrophotometric	tf
95	Phosphate	[PO4]3-	µmol/l	Gazeau, Frédéric	Spectrophotometric	t0
96	Phosphate	[PO4]3-	µmol/l	Gazeau, Frédéric	Spectrophotometric	tf
97	Silicon	Si	µmol/l	Gazeau, Frédéric	Spectrophotometric	t0
98	Silicon	Si	µmol/l	Gazeau, Frédéric	Spectrophotometric	tf
99	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)
100	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	t0
101	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	t0
102	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	t0
103	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	t0
104	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	t0
105	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	t0
106	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	t0
107	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	t0
108	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	tf
109	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	tf
110	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	tf
111	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	tf
112	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	tf
113	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	tf
114	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	tf
115	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	tf

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

11348 data points

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