Arnold, Thomas; Mealey, Christopher; Leahey, Hannah; Miller, A Whitman; Hall-Spencer, Jason M; Milazzo, Marco; Maers, Kelly (2012): Ocean acidification and the loss of phenolic substances in marine plants. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.829532, Supplement to: Arnold, T et al. (2012): Ocean Acidification and the Loss of Phenolic Substances in Marine Plants. PLoS ONE, 7(4), e35107, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0035107.t004
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Abstract:
Rising atmospheric CO2 often triggers the production of plant phenolics, including many that serve as herbivore deterrents, digestion reducers, antimicrobials, or ultraviolet sunscreens. Such responses are predicted by popular models of plant defense, especially resource availability models which link carbon availability to phenolic biosynthesis. CO2 availability is also increasing in the oceans, where anthropogenic emissions cause ocean acidification, decreasing seawater pH and shifting the carbonate system towards further CO2 enrichment. Such conditions tend to increase seagrass productivity but may also increase rates of grazing on these marine plants. Here we show that high CO2 / low pH conditions of OA decrease, rather than increase, concentrations of phenolic protective substances in seagrasses and eurysaline marine plants. We observed a loss of simple and polymeric phenolics in the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa near a volcanic CO2 vent on the Island of Vulcano, Italy, where pH values decreased from 8.1 to 7.3 and pCO2 concentrations increased ten-fold. We observed similar responses in two estuarine species, Ruppia maritima and Potamogeton perfoliatus, in in situ Free-Ocean-Carbon-Enrichment experiments conducted in tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay, USA. These responses are strikingly different than those exhibited by terrestrial plants. The loss of phenolic substances may explain the higher-than-usual rates of grazing observed near undersea CO2 vents and suggests that ocean acidification may alter coastal carbon fluxes by affecting rates of decomposition, grazing, and disease. Our observations temper recent predictions that seagrasses would necessarily be "winners" in a high CO2 world.
Keyword(s):
Further details:
Lavigne, Héloise; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2011): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 2.4. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb
Project(s):
Coverage:
Median Latitude: 38.548303 * Median Longitude: -46.008570 * South-bound Latitude: 38.167070 * West-bound Longitude: -76.543940 * North-bound Latitude: 39.058810 * East-bound Longitude: 14.960870
Date/Time Start: 2010-05-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2011-07-31T00:00:00
Event(s):
Aeolian_archipelago * Latitude: 38.419030 * Longitude: 14.960870 * Date/Time Start: 2011-05-01T00:00:00 * Date/Time End: 2011-05-31T00:00:00 * Device: Experiment (EXP)
Comment:
In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2014-02-14.
Parameter(s):
| # | Name | Short Name | Unit | Principal Investigator | Method | Comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Event label | Event | ||||
| 2 | Species | Species | Arnold, Thomas | |||
| 3 | Identification | ID | Arnold, Thomas | |||
| 4 | Distance | Distance | m | Arnold, Thomas | from seep | |
| 5 | Distance | Distance | m | Arnold, Thomas | from injector | |
| 6 | Description | Description | Arnold, Thomas | tissue | ||
| 7 | Proanthocyanidins | Proanthocyanidins | mg/g | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 8 | Proanthocyanidins, standard error | Proanthocyanidins std e | ± | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 9 | Phenolic acids, total | Ph acids | mg/g | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 10 | Phenolic acids, standard error | Ph acids std e | ± | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 11 | Gallic acid | C6H2(OH) | mg/g | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 12 | Gallic acid, standard error | C6H2(OH) std e | ± | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 13 | Syringaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid | Syr+4-HBA | mg/g | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 14 | Syringaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, standard error | Syr+4-HBA std e | ± | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 15 | Vanillin | VA | mg/g | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 16 | Vanillin, standard error | VA std e | ± | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 17 | Acetovanillone | C9H10O3 | mg/g | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 18 | Acetovanillone, standard error | C9H10O3 std e | ± | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 19 | Coumaric acid | C9H8O3 | mg/g | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 20 | Coumaric acid, standard error | C9H8O3 std e | ± | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 21 | Ferulic acid | C10H10O4 | mg/g | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 22 | Ferulic acid, standard error | C10H10O4 std e | ± | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 23 | Phenolics, all | Ph | mg/g | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 24 | Phenolics, all, standard error | Ph std e | ± | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 25 | Phenolics, reactive, total | Ph reactive | mg/g | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 26 | Phenolics, reactive, total, standard error | Ph reactive std e | ± | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 27 | Salinity | Sal | Arnold, Thomas | |||
| 28 | Salinity, standard error | Sal std e | ± | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 29 | Temperature, water | Temp | °C | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 30 | pH | pH | Arnold, Thomas | NBS scale | ||
| 31 | pH, standard error | pH std e | ± | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 32 | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) | pCO2water_SST_wet | µatm | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 33 | Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air), standard error | pCO2water_SST_wet std e | ± | Arnold, Thomas | ||
| 34 | Alkalinity, total | AT | µmol/kg | Arnold, Thomas | Potentiometric titration | |
| 35 | Alkalinity, total, standard error | AT std e | ± | Arnold, Thomas | Potentiometric titration | |
| 36 | Carbonate system computation flag | CSC flag | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | ||
| 37 | pH | pH | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | total scale | |
| 38 | Carbon dioxide | CO2 | µmol/kg | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | |
| 39 | Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) | fCO2water_SST_wet | µatm | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | |
| 40 | Bicarbonate ion | [HCO3]- | µmol/kg | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | |
| 41 | Carbonate ion | [CO3]2- | µmol/kg | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | |
| 42 | Carbon, inorganic, dissolved | DIC | µmol/kg | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | |
| 43 | Aragonite saturation state | Omega Arg | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) | ||
| 44 | Calcite saturation state | Omega Cal | Yang, Yan | Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010) |
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497 data points