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Bach, Lennart Thomas (2014): Experiment: changing carbonate chemistry influence on coccoliths formed by Emiliania huxleyi [dataset]. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.829081, Supplement to: Bach, Lennart Thomas; Bauke, Christine; Meier, K J Sebastian; Riebesell, Ulf; Schulz, Kai Georg (2012): Influence of changing carbonate chemistry on morphology and weight of coccoliths formed by Emiliania huxleyi. Biogeosciences, 9(8), 3449-3463, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-3449-2012

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Abstract:
The coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi is a marine phytoplankton species capable of forming small calcium carbonate scales (coccoliths) which cover the organic part of the cell. Calcification rates of E. huxleyi are known to be sensitive to changes in seawater carbonate chemistry. It has, however, not yet been clearly determined how these changes are reflected in size and weight of individual coccoliths and which specific parameter(s) of the carbonate system drive morphological modifications. Here, we compare data on coccolith size, weight, and malformation from a set of five experiments with a large diversity of carbonate chemistry conditions. This diversity allows distinguishing the influence of individual carbonate chemistry parameters such as carbon dioxide (CO2), bicarbonate (HCO3- ), carbonate ion (CO32-), and protons (H+) on the measured parameters. Measurements of fine-scale morphological structures reveal an increase of coccolith malformation with decreasing pH suggesting that H+ is the major factor causing malformations. Coccolith distal shield area varies from about 5 to 11 µm2. Changes in size seem to be mainly induced by varying [HCO3- ] and [H+] although influence of [CO32-] cannot be entirely ruled out. Changes in coccolith weight were proportional to changes in size. Increasing CaCO3 production rates are reflected in an increase in coccolith weight and an increase of the number of coccoliths formed per unit time. The combined investigation of morphological features and coccolith production rates presented in this study may help to interpret data derived from sediment cores, where coccolith morphology is used to reconstruct calcification rates in the water column.
Parameter(s):
#NameShort NameUnitPrincipal InvestigatorMethod/DeviceComment
TreatmentTreatBach, Lennart Thomas
Carbon, inorganic, dissolvedDICµmol/kgBach, Lennart Thomas
Alkalinity, totalATµmol/kgBach, Lennart Thomas
pHpHBach, Lennart Thomas
Carbon dioxide, partial pressurepCO2µatmBach, Lennart Thomas
Bicarbonate ion[HCO3]-µmol/kgBach, Lennart Thomas
Carbonate ion[CO3]2-µmol/kgBach, Lennart Thomas
Carbon dioxideCO2µmol/kgBach, Lennart Thomas
Calcite saturation stateOmega CalBach, Lennart Thomas
10 Aragonite saturation stateOmega ArgBach, Lennart Thomas
11 Cell sizeCell sizeµmBach, Lennart Thomas
12 Particulate inorganic carbon production per cellPIC prod/cellpg/#/dayBach, Lennart Thomas
13 MassMassµgBach, Lennart Thomasmean coccolith weight
14 Mass, standard deviationMass std dev±Bach, Lennart Thomascoccolith weight stdev
15 --Bach, Lennart ThomasCaCO3 prod/cell
16 ProductionP1/dayBach, Lennart Thomasnumber of coccoliths produced per day
17 Surface areaSAµm2Bach, Lennart Thomascoccolith distal shield area mean
18 Surface area, standard deviationSA std dev±Bach, Lennart Thomas
19 LengthlµmBach, Lennart Thomasmean coccolith length
20 Length, standard deviationl std dev±Bach, Lennart Thomas
21 WidthwµmBach, Lennart Thomasmean coccolith width
22 Width, standard deviationw std dev±Bach, Lennart ThomasMeasured
23 LengthlµmBach, Lennart Thomasmean central area length
24 Length, standard deviationl std dev±Bach, Lennart Thomas
25 WidthwµmBach, Lennart Thomasmean central area width
26 Width, standard deviationw std dev±Bach, Lennart ThomasMeasured
27 Height/width ratioHeight/widthBach, Lennart Thomasmean coccolith length/coccolith width ratio
28 Height/width ratio, standard deviationHeight/width std dev±Bach, Lennart Thomas
29 Height/width ratioHeight/widthBach, Lennart Thomasmean central area length/central area width ratio
30 Height/width ratio, standard deviationHeight/width std dev±Bach, Lennart Thomas
31 Surface areaSAµm2Bach, Lennart Thomasmean calculated distal shield surface area
32 Surface area, standard deviationSA std dev±Bach, Lennart Thomas
33 Surface areaSAµm2Bach, Lennart Thomasmean calculated central area surface area
34 Surface area, standard deviationSA std dev±Bach, Lennart Thomas
35 Coccoliths, malformed and incompleteCocco malformed%Bach, Lennart Thomasmean malformation
36 Coccoliths, malformed and incomplete, standard deviationCocco malformed std dev±Bach, Lennart Thomas
Size:
1977 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:


Treat

DIC [µmol/kg]

AT [µmol/kg]

pH

pCO2 [µatm]

[HCO3]- [µmol/kg]

[CO3]2- [µmol/kg]

CO2 [µmol/kg]

Omega Cal
10 
Omega Arg
11 
Cell size [µm]
12 
PIC prod/cell [pg/#/day]
13 
Mass [µg]
(mean coccolith weight)
14 
Mass std dev [±]
(coccolith weight stdev)
15 
-
(CaCO3 prod/cell)
16 
P [1/day]
(number of coccoliths produced...)
17 
SA [µm2]
(coccolith distal shield area ...)
18 
SA std dev [±]
19 
l [µm]
(mean coccolith length)
20 
l std dev [±]
21 
w [µm]
(mean coccolith width)
22 
w std dev [±]
23 
l [µm]
(mean central area length)
24 
l std dev [±]
25 
w [µm]
(mean central area width)
26 
w std dev [±]
27 
Height/width
(mean coccolith length/coccoli...)
28 
Height/width std dev [±]
29 
Height/width
(mean central area length/cent...)
30 
Height/width std dev [±]
31 
SA [µm2]
(mean calculated distal shield...)
32 
SA std dev [±]
33 
SA [µm2]
(mean calculated central area ...)
34 
SA std dev [±]
35 
Cocco malformed [%]
(mean malformation)
36 
Cocco malformed std dev [±]
constant_CO2545.123563.7147.513450.979516.96311.26716.8930.2690.1723.9850.1531.275381414
constant_CO2534.833560.6887.577382.348507.69312.81714.3220.3060.1963.9790.2962.466730629
constant_CO2520.042553.2447.641320.910493.58714.43412.0210.3440.2214.0510.5604.6627068054.5940.9832.7230.2852.1480.2631.7170.1631.1320.1421.2730.0831.5280.1294.6421.0231.5400.322
constant_CO2822.211860.7797.664481.343780.14024.04118.0310.5730.3684.6534.0261.0700.60033.548349187.4891.7323.3990.3832.7730.3711.7070.1771.1100.1671.2310.0601.5510.1197.5081.7491.5070.3590.4580.152
constant_CO2827.898867.1437.667480.755785.48824.40118.0090.5820.3744.6363.97933.15351835
constant_CO2829.317867.1437.658492.443786.96023.91118.4470.5700.3664.6074.38736.5560339834.167
constant_CO21159.2801235.6557.825464.6381092.99048.88517.4051.1650.7484.6206.2751.6461.42252.2906828931.7758.3181.7553.5430.3632.9520.3561.6100.1931.0350.1621.2040.0611.5660.1128.3011.7821.3290.3510.3440.193
constant_CO21183.5001260.5107.825474.3461115.82649.90617.7691.1900.7644.7076.4182.4151.56453.4824111522.149
constant_CO21180.5781259.5767.834463.4831112.44950.76717.3621.2100.7774.6926.7151.3451.07355.9550138841.590
constant_CO21912.8402115.8718.089406.6811753.805143.80215.2343.4282.2014.6888.0991.8381.20067.4853297836.7229.6141.7803.7870.3603.2050.3301.6920.2311.1120.1591.1830.0471.5250.0679.6181.8501.5040.4150.2950.119
constant_CO21909.6662113.2728.090404.2641750.419144.10315.1433.4352.2064.7107.9921.7841.38366.5935925137.336
constant_CO21912.1792115.3928.089406.5401753.199143.75215.2293.4262.2004.6747.6281.7360.87263.5622272336.620
constant_CO24117.4244797.8008.383415.4143531.162570.70115.56113.6038.7364.6689.3041.8461.09577.5289095942.00310.6222.2693.9520.4143.3770.4101.6990.1651.1120.1441.1730.0471.5370.10410.6072.3671.4990.3200.2880.099
constant_CO24107.3094795.5508.390406.8813514.788577.27915.24113.7608.8374.6699.2512.0871.44177.088901536.937
constant_CO24111.6804799.3008.390408.2473519.497576.89015.29313.7508.8314.60410.2301.9061.46985.2451378444.730
constant_TA1420.7992334.1029.06019.913803.539616.5140.74614.6959.4373.5662.3660.9030.92419.719337495.9361.0663.0310.2832.4530.2511.3310.1700.7960.1241.2380.0511.6830.1355.8901.0880.8460.2290.2550.093
constant_TA1612.0302324.4108.81049.6141125.076485.0951.85811.5627.4264.1094.0851.3591.51034.043493346.7751.2833.2210.3012.6530.2831.4640.1660.8890.1501.2160.0441.6650.1486.7761.3141.0400.2830.2400.072
constant_TA1748.5802318.5208.63489.4571354.966390.2623.3519.3025.9744.2535.4031.6621.87945.026445298.9251.8593.6420.3773.0730.3581.4950.2240.9180.1781.1890.0621.6450.1298.8811.8881.1060.3750.2390.065
constant_TA1854.2722315.2728.492140.3141531.271317.7455.2567.5744.8644.6547.1981.7991.98459.9838925533.347
constant_TA1941.6182309.8358.359209.0211677.637256.1517.8306.1053.9214.7748.9391.9442.21874.487585738.323
constant_TA1995.9422292.5418.245287.8991776.409208.74910.7844.9763.1954.8419.0882.0732.49475.7314012236.5359.3171.9963.7300.3713.1500.3691.6800.1941.0790.1811.1880.0521.5740.1319.3262.0001.4470.3920.2680.082
constant_TA2063.8382297.6268.128398.4611880.025168.88614.9264.0252.5854.84111.0011.9272.22991.6715963647.564
constant_TA2104.8452302.0318.052491.9951940.139146.27618.4303.4872.2394.8118.8961.8552.51274.131227639.955
constant_TA2131.4372288.8157.962621.4401986.125122.03423.2792.9091.8684.8417.2301.7361.98760.2492615134.6989.9302.4713.8550.4413.2560.4531.6340.2301.0640.1751.1890.0541.5460.13110.0052.5141.3930.4140.3670.160
constant_TA2174.9682304.7757.893744.6692040.496106.57827.8952.5401.6314.7784.7531.6691.81139.602756823.732
constant_TA2192.3442294.8317.821890.5642067.52191.46433.3602.1801.4004.6736.0261.5801.93050.2172362931.775
constant_TA2226.8602314.2907.7771003.5262105.04084.22937.5912.0081.2894.5017.0721.6041.82158.9322614536.7519.7452.0633.8410.3993.2100.3741.7010.1921.1330.1521.1990.0451.5110.1319.7912.1001.5290.3620.4590.095
constant_TA2236.0592302.4847.7161164.5522118.56873.86843.6231.7611.1314.8435.9771.4891.71149.8073206233.446
constant_TA2283.2252291.4837.5371790.7122166.25649.89067.0791.1890.7644.7044.1111.2521.28334.2558694327.366
constant_TA2327.8702294.1017.4102441.0372198.59537.83691.4390.9020.5794.5873.5131.2771.53829.2730971222.9278.0041.6323.4960.3582.8860.3421.6150.1711.0530.1471.2150.0711.5460.1398.0081.6861.3500.3110.4870.138
constant_TA2374.6872306.9407.3163074.9222228.61930.884115.1840.7360.4734.5522.9511.2811.37924.5883801219.1997.2541.5523.3150.3502.7630.3381.6260.1591.0780.1111.2040.0761.5150.1477.2721.5921.3840.2460.4390.117
constant_TA2207.1932296.3167.781984.8122085.85784.44636.8902.0131.2934.9106.87857.31449595
constant_TA2418.1822319.4177.2393728.9942252.15226.345139.6850.6280.4034.6092.40320.02501285
constant_TA2459.4582312.5567.1314787.2932259.63320.496179.3280.4890.3144.3321.8981.2061.34315.8171832613.1207.0691.4973.2790.3242.7340.3351.4970.4251.0060.2891.2050.0831.4970.1537.1091.5231.3540.2940.6110.152
constant_TA2513.6042336.8387.0755493.9162289.55618.250205.7980.4350.2794.4941.46112.17094635
pH7_7212.513259.7647.741103.695201.2047.4253.8840.1770.1143.7970.2261.882085148
pH7_7169.275215.6967.74083.053160.2815.8823.1110.1400.0903.8180.1671.394773787
pH7_7216.715264.0087.741105.715205.1827.5743.9600.1810.1163.8030.1891.57568993
pH7_7315.070364.6567.746151.797298.23511.1495.6860.2660.1713.9190.1741.449758822
pH7_7347.188397.3177.746166.862328.62312.3156.2510.2940.1893.8920.4023.349293173
pH7_7339.150389.4357.749161.976320.97512.1076.0670.2890.1853.8900.3623.017180543
pH7_7913.138972.1857.743444.694864.50731.97316.6580.7620.4894.6104.3681.4331.03436.4009047425.4048.1021.6773.5450.3712.9080.3491.8280.2571.2090.2181.2230.0581.5260.1158.1901.7331.7760.5510.4360.095
pH7_7900.399959.1257.742439.499852.48231.45416.4630.7500.4814.5994.3461.1970.47836.216134730.250
pH7_7919.938978.5367.740450.612871.03532.02316.8800.7630.4904.6214.6611.4581.06238.8402904126.637
pH7_72027.1492102.9377.7371002.2551919.65169.95537.5441.6671.0714.8577.1621.8041.26059.6801470233.0919.3241.9193.7440.3873.1520.3561.6360.2211.0650.1621.1910.0561.5450.1379.3661.9631.3920.3700.4140.204
pH7_72027.7962103.2887.7361004.4881920.32769.84137.6271.6651.0694.8828.1041.5180.83067.5296110344.475
pH7_72023.4382098.6847.7351004.3051916.26569.55337.6201.6581.0654.8337.4541.6851.28462.1096165136.853
pH7_74071.2324186.7737.7491955.9433853.412144.55273.2683.4452.2134.7828.0132.9562.17866.7686986622.58510.0462.1313.8690.4053.2750.3791.7280.2011.0140.2161.1840.0491.5400.11010.0642.1651.5550.4110.3480.093
pH7_74048.3314162.7597.7481949.1323831.897143.42073.0133.4182.1954.8468.6473.4693.05272.0542946120.770
pH7_74057.6764172.2927.7481953.4623840.737143.76473.1753.4272.2014.8739.1182.8591.85175.9809923726.576
pH7_77376.2347542.7047.7423601.0766983.470257.870134.8936.1463.9474.9367.8051.5661.09965.0353090441.5219.5362.2023.7670.4223.1870.4081.5810.2461.1290.1671.1850.0491.5800.1429.5572.2581.2970.4790.4470.159
pH7_77363.6017527.0807.7393616.3266972.284255.852135.4656.0983.9164.9428.3861.6480.77269.8810432542.394
pH7_77355.6357521.9117.7423591.4136963.981257.122134.5326.1293.9364.9798.7641.8701.60373.0266303939.053
pH8148.053217.3497.98440.532137.6448.8911.5180.2120.1363.5740.9457.875573149
pH8300.005374.1347.99578.881274.40118.1492.9550.4330.2783.7090.0000
pH8351.350432.2397.99294.612326.39521.4113.5440.5100.3283.8530.0000
pH8486.117574.8857.997129.240451.31029.9654.8410.7140.4594.2662.0151.3420.89616.7879781712.5085.4631.1182.9840.2842.3140.2721.7700.1881.1330.1741.2940.0651.5760.1255.4781.1481.5960.409
pH8705.425804.3397.992189.864655.30743.0057.1121.0250.6584.5192.9841.4721.30124.8683772116.8966.8141.1943.2900.2832.6290.2701.7330.1691.1210.1581.2540.0531.5590.1256.8481.2321.5420.3450.3890.133
pH8808.091910.4867.985221.390751.31248.4868.2931.1560.7424.8305.0671.7121.85242.2261565424.6699.1141.7483.7230.3513.0910.3041.6070.1520.9850.1321.2060.0521.6440.1359.1131.7491.2560.2720.3350.119
pH81430.1771564.7497.988388.2651329.12486.50814.5442.0621.3244.6816.1822.1311.53551.51324824.169
pH81817.4361971.1597.988494.3841689.180109.73718.5192.6161.6804.6686.8002.0551.81456.6618474527.57310.7582.2463.9470.4983.3780.4771.6670.2001.0260.1721.1770.0941.6410.13810.6462.5271.3670.3840.3020.120
pH82283.4652464.7847.996608.3962120.117140.55822.7903.3502.1524.8011.9481.498
pH82879.1293084.6707.985788.4532676.726172.86829.5354.1202.6464.8602.2271.15210.7672.4473.9910.4203.3930.4171.7430.2051.1450.1911.1790.0401.5370.12210.7652.4501.5950.4380.2860.061
pH83417.0453656.1917.995912.0153172.952209.93034.1635.0043.2144.7348.9332.1691.53674.4377448934.323
pH84024.8854299.2218.0011060.7173735.083250.06839.7345.9613.8284.8277.4922.3001.66762.434475327.14010.6952.3993.9710.4393.3910.4001.6950.1911.0850.1691.1730.0421.5760.12110.7062.4231.4660.3770.3070.096
pH85249.3815582.6937.9951401.1504874.472322.42352.4867.6854.9354.8096.6382.2691.45055.3127072224.379
pH85623.6305973.5847.9931510.8135223.558343.47856.5948.1875.2584.6812.2871.41411.5092.5404.1030.4313.5320.4351.5670.1660.9250.1511.1650.0521.7130.15111.5182.6201.1550.2970.3390.124
pH87359.8317808.4578.0011939.6296829.893457.28172.65710.9007.0004.7916.6582.3041.86655.4772901524.074
pH88994.1669525.4617.9992380.4358348.324556.67389.16913.2698.5214.73211.1452.2164.0260.4043.4960.3781.5560.1870.9050.1361.1530.0471.7290.11411.1642.2781.0510.4010.3430.124
pH812360.48813077.7528.0043230.25211465.641773.844121.00318.44511.8464.7735.45145.42336924
pH814084.58414899.1538.0073657.23413060.760886.827136.99721.13813.5754.7815.75247.93096279.9962.3033.8360.4313.2820.4031.6900.2151.0610.2071.1710.0481.6220.18810.0152.3271.4370.4350.3690.166
pH8_3198.586335.5718.32023.584173.41924.2840.8830.5790.3723.3790.0600.503060518
pH8_3178.597316.0918.33220.530155.44722.3810.7690.5330.3433.4020.0830.693169614
pH8_3193.529332.7848.33222.274168.46524.2300.8340.5780.3713.3740.0950.794116723
pH8_3893.8141117.4748.332102.918778.095111.8643.8552.6661.7124.4284.4681.5680.40237.2296278423.7466.4231.1663.1770.2832.5610.2601.6130.1881.0220.1641.2430.0451.5900.1076.4421.1961.3170.3640.3650.105
pH8_3898.8021125.3288.338102.142781.337113.6393.8262.7091.7404.3264.4262.0771.21936.8784366717.755
pH8_3897.9381123.9348.337102.267780.771113.3363.8312.7011.7354.3204.3371.7200.59236.143421521.009
pH8_32247.3022637.3548.336256.5441954.502283.1909.6106.7504.3354.8066.9282.2430.57057.7285062125.74010.1422.0243.8900.3783.2920.3551.6470.2131.0390.1781.1840.0501.6000.12110.1552.0551.3700.3930.3370.102
pH8_32250.1712640.5628.336256.8771957.002283.5469.6226.7584.3404.7447.5262.3470.56362.7124174426.716
pH8_32251.6872643.6378.338255.8851957.379284.7239.5856.7874.3584.7117.7932.0940.30464.9389349631.010
pH8_33922.4534522.7558.341441.7553406.460499.44516.54811.9057.6454.7717.1062.4410.60159.2166662524.2599.8342.0563.8180.3813.2510.3701.6110.2111.0100.1761.1770.0461.6100.1249.8512.0921.3050.3930.2950.071
pH8_33925.1054524.6488.340443.0463409.606498.90316.59611.8927.6374.7487.3232.5920.62061.0205207323.546
pH8_33934.3564535.0268.340444.0883417.640500.08116.63511.9207.6554.6317.8231.9140.46865.1863391134.057
pH8_36683.7827636.0118.347740.9275794.412861.61627.75520.53713.1894.8678.2072.5700.55668.384893926.6119.9312.0953.8220.4063.2700.3851.6520.2191.0610.1741.1710.0401.5680.0959.9312.1391.4040.3910.3140.124
pH8_36680.6527632.5528.347740.5825791.700861.21127.74220.52713.1834.8238.1022.2810.57167.5155394529.594
pH8_36673.7367626.5118.348738.1695784.254861.83127.65120.54213.1924.7598.3642.1400.47369.6985881232.567
pH8_39917.41711219.3828.3281155.3238643.2611230.87943.27829.33918.8424.8339.1084.2301.31175.8943720517.94310.0622.0213.8540.3753.2920.3601.4910.4590.9320.2921.1730.0431.6080.12810.0632.0751.2750.3620.3680.127
pH8_39937.89111239.8558.3271160.4668663.1701231.25143.47029.34718.8474.7788.0143.0500.77366.7786846621.897
pH8_39962.39311267.1898.3271163.4458684.6241234.18843.58229.41718.8924.81412.1893.4720.854101.568484929.251