Citation:

journal.pone.0065987

Name: Seawater carbonate chemistry and growth, calcification of Thoracosphaera heimii in a laboratory experiment
Published: 2013-12-18
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Keywords: Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Chromista; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Myzozoa; Not applicable; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Single species; Thoracosphaera heimii

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Abstract:

Ocean acidification is considered a major threat to marine ecosystems and may particularly affect calcifying organisms such as corals, foraminifera and coccolithophores. Here we investigate the impact of elevated pCO2 and lowered pH on growth and calcification in the common calcareous dinoflagellate Thoracosphaera heimii. We observe a substantial reduction in growth rate, calcification and cyst stability of T. heimii under elevated pCO2. Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses reveal CO2 sensitive regulation of many genes, particularly those being associated to inorganic carbon acquisition and calcification. Stable carbon isotope fractionation for organic carbon production increased with increasing pCO2 whereas it decreased for calcification, which suggests interdependence between both processes. We also found a strong effect of pCO2 on the stable oxygen isotopic composition of calcite, in line with earlier observations concerning another T. heimii strain. The observed changes in stable oxygen and carbon isotope composition of T. heimii cysts may provide an ideal tool for reconstructing past seawater carbonate chemistry, and ultimately past pCO2. Although the function of calcification in T. heimii remains unresolved, this trait likely plays an important role in the ecological and evolutionary success of this species. Acting on calcification as well as growth, ocean acidification may therefore impose a great threat for T. heimii.

Keyword(s):

Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (<20 L); Calcification/Dissolution; Chromista; Growth/Morphology; Laboratory experiment; Laboratory strains; Myzozoa; Not applicable; Pelagos; Phytoplankton; Single species; Thoracosphaera heimii

Original version:

Van de Waal, Dedmer B; John, Uwe; Ziveri, Patrizia; Reichart, Gert-Jan; Hoins, Mirja; Sluijs, Appy; Rost, Björn (2013): General responses of Thoracosphaera heimii grown under a range of pCO2. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.816429

Further details:

Lavigne, Héloïse; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre (2011): seacarb: seawater carbonate chemistry with R. R package version 2.4. https://cran.r-project.org/package=seacarb

Project(s):

Mediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate (MedSeA)

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 265103 : Mediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate

Comment:

In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Lavigne and Gattuso, 2011) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2013-12-16.

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Identification	ID		Van de Waal, Dedmer B
2	Species	Species		Van de Waal, Dedmer B
3	Treatment	Treat		Van de Waal, Dedmer B
4	Replicates	Repl	#	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
5	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/l	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
6	Growth rate	µ	1/day	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
7	Particulate organic carbon production per cell	POC prod/cell	pg/#	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
8	Particulate inorganic carbon production per cell	PIC prod/cell	pg/#	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
9	Particulate inorganic carbon/particulate organic carbon ratio	PIC/POC		Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Calculated
10	Cysts	Cysts	%	Van de Waal, Dedmer B		completed
11	Fractionation of calcite	εk	‰	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
12	Fractionation of organic carbon	εp Corg	‰	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
13	δ18O, calcite	δ18O cal	‰ PDB	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
14	δ18O, dissolved inorganic carbon	δ18O DIC	‰	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
15	δ18O, calcite	δ18O cal	‰ SMOW	Van de Waal, Dedmer B		calcite-water
16	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/l	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
17	Protein name	Protein		Van de Waal, Dedmer B
18	Gene expression	Gene expression		Van de Waal, Dedmer B		treatment/present day
19	Incubation duration	Inc dur	days	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
20	Abundance per volume	Abund v	#/ml	Van de Waal, Dedmer B		vegetative cysts/mL
21	Category	Cat		Van de Waal, Dedmer B		KOG
22	Gene expression	Gene expression		Van de Waal, Dedmer B		distribution
23	Salinity	Sal		Van de Waal, Dedmer B
24	Temperature, water	Temp	°C	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
25	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at equilibrator temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_equ_wet	µatm	Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Calculated using CO2SYS	start
26	pH	pH		Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Potentiometric	start, NBS scale
27	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Calculated using CO2SYS	start
28	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Calculated using CO2SYS	start
29	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Potentiometric titration	start
30	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Calculated using CO2SYS	start
31	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	start
32	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	start, total scale
33	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	start
34	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	start
35	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	start
36	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	start
37	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	start
38	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	start
39	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	start
40	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	start
41	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at equilibrator temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_equ_wet	µatm	Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Calculated using CO2SYS	end
42	pH	pH		Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Potentiometric	end, NBS scale
43	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Calculated using CO2SYS	end
44	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Calculated using CO2SYS	end
45	Alkalinity, total	AT	µmol/kg	Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Potentiometric titration	end
46	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Calculated using CO2SYS	end
47	Carbonate system computation flag	CSC flag		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	end
48	pH	pH		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	end, total scale
49	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	end
50	Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	pCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	end
51	Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)	fCO2water_SST_wet	µatm	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	end
52	Bicarbonate ion	[HCO3]-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	end
53	Carbonate ion	[CO3]2-	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	end
54	Carbon, inorganic, dissolved	DIC	µmol/kg	Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	end
55	Aragonite saturation state	Omega Arg		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	end
56	Calcite saturation state	Omega Cal		Yang, Yan	Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)	end

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Status:

Curation Level: Enhanced curation (CurationLevelC)

Size:

8222 data points

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