Citation:

journal.pone.0065987

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Abstract:

Ocean acidification is considered a major threat to marine ecosystems and may particularly affect calcifying organisms such as corals, foraminifera and coccolithophores. Here we investigate the impact of elevated pCO2 and lowered pH on growth and calcification in the common calcareous dinoflagellate Thoracosphaera heimii. We observe a substantial reduction in growth rate, calcification and cyst stability of T. heimii under elevated pCO2. Furthermore, transcriptomic analyses reveal CO2 sensitive regulation of many genes, particularly those being associated to inorganic carbon acquisition and calcification. Stable carbon isotope fractionation for organic carbon production increased with increasing pCO2 whereas it decreased for calcification, which suggests interdependence between both processes. We also found a strong effect of pCO2 on the stable oxygen isotopic composition of calcite, in line with earlier observations concerning another T. heimii strain. The observed changes in stable oxygen and carbon isotope composition of T. heimii cysts may provide an ideal tool for reconstructing past seawater carbonate chemistry, and ultimately past pCO2. Although the function of calcification in T. heimii remains unresolved, this trait likely plays an important role in the ecological and evolutionary success of this species. Acting on calcification as well as growth, ocean acidification may therefore impose a great threat for T. heimii.

Other version:

Tables of general responses and gene regulation in original xlsx-format

Further details:

Van de Waal, Dedmer B; John, Uwe; Ziveri, Patrizia; Reichart, Gert-Jan; Hoins, Mirja; Sluijs, Appy; Rost, Björn (2013): Seawater carbonate chemistry and growth, calcification of Thoracosphaera heimii in a laboratory experiment. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.824705

Project(s):

Mediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate (MedSeA)

Funding:

Seventh Framework Programme (FP7), grant/award no. 265103 : Mediterranean Sea Acidification in a Changing Climate

Parameter(s):

#	Name	Short Name	Unit	Principal Investigator	Method/Device	Comment
1	Treatment	Treat		Van de Waal, Dedmer B		[µatm]
2	Carbon dioxide	CO2	µmol/l	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
3	Growth rate	µ	1/day	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
4	Carbon, organic, particulate, per cell	POC/cell	pg/#	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
5	Carbon, inorganic, particulate, per cell	PIC/cell	pg/#	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
6	Ratio	Ratio		Van de Waal, Dedmer B	Calculated	PIC:POC
7	Cysts	Cysts	%	Van de Waal, Dedmer B		completed
8	Fractionation of organic carbon	εp Corg	‰	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
9	Fractionation of calcite	εk	‰	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
10	δ18O, calcite	δ18O cal	‰ PDB	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
11	δ18O, dissolved inorganic carbon	δ18O DIC	‰	Van de Waal, Dedmer B
12	δ18O, calcite	δ18O cal	‰ SMOW	Van de Waal, Dedmer B		calcite-water

License:

Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-3.0)

Size:

144 data points

Data

Download dataset as tab-delimited text — use the following character encoding:

1 Treat	2 CO2 [µmol/l]	3 µ [1/day]	4 POC/cell [pg/#]	5 PIC/cell [pg/#]	6 Ratio	7 Cysts [%]	8 εp Corg [‰]	9 εk [‰]	10 δ18O cal [‰ PDB]	11 δ18O DIC [‰]	12 δ18O cal [‰ SMOW]
150	9	0.35	297	58	0.19	0.98	7.8	10.9	-6.0	1.1	-5.35
150	9	0.42	282	77	0.27	0.96	10.5	8.6	-5.7	1.3	-5.15
150	9	0.29	301	79	0.26	0.98	11.7	9.5	-5.8	1.2	-5.31
380	19	0.29	316	88	0.28	0.97	11.1	8.2	-3.0	1.7	-2.32
380	19	0.32	302	99	0.33	0.90	12.2	8.6	-3.1	1.9	-2.65
380	19	0.31	279	89	0.32	0.97	12.5	8.5	-3.0	1.9	-2.56
750	35	0.24	378	69	0.18	0.64	12.2	3.6	-1.6	2.0	-0.98
750	34	0.27	320	51	0.16	0.66	13.9	2.4	-1.2	2.1	-0.70
750	34	0.30	262	58	0.22	0.73	15.3	3.0	-1.5	2.1	-1.02
1400	64	0.14	363	36	0.10	0.17	17.1	0.4	-0.4	2.3	0.10
1400	65	0.18	337	39	0.11	0.21	16.8	0.6	-0.5	2.4	0.02
1400	65	0.15	327	35	0.11	0.23	15.2	-0.2	-0.5	2.4	0.02